员工转正申请书-唐雎不辱使命教案

2021年1月29日发(作者：ofo小黄车)
二轮复习

阅读理解中词句猜测
-
词义猜测题

考查解读



【题型解读】

词义猜测题是阅读 理解每年常考的题型。
词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和
能力，
主要考查考生在短时间内根据 上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个
生词、
词组或者句子含义的能力，
而这些词和词组往往 都超出考纲范
围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是
否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，
对能否取得好的高考成
绩有着举足轻重的作用。

词义猜测题的命题方式有：

(1)What does the underlined word “...”
probably mean?
(2)The word “...” refers to/probably means
.
(3)The
underlined
word
“...”
could
best
be
replaced
by .
(4)What do you think the expression “...” stands for?

(5)By saying “...” we mean
.
(6)“...”
used
in
the
passage
can

best
be
defined
as .
(7)Which
of
the
following
words can
take
the
place
of
the word
“
...
”？

二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义

1
．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测


有些文章，
特别 是科技说明文，
作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语
下定义，
通过阅读定义和解释部分 ，
考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。
有时，
需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位 语，
作为对前面的
词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个
词或短语加以解释说明。

例如：
Taylor
’
s
swift
action
helped
her
teammates
calm

girl
called

more
ran
to
get
the
school
nurse
，
who
brought
a
defibrillator
，
an
electronic
device(
器械
)
that
can
shock
the
heart
back
into

stayed
with
them
：
Paris
’
s
heartbeat
returned.

分析：所猜测单词
defibrillator
后面出现了同位语
an electronic
device(
器械
) that can shock the heart back into work (
一个可
以电击心脏使其重新工作的电 子器械
)
来进行解释说明，我们可推知
其词义应为“
(
心脏
)
除颤器”
。

2
．根据构词法进行猜测

英语中 通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，
掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境 ，也可以快速猜测词义。

例如：
A
silence
in
a
conversation
may
also
show
stubbornness
，
uneasiness
，
or worry.
分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，
un-
为否定前缀，
-ne ss
为名词后
缀，
easy(
舒适
)
为词根。因此，我们可 知
uneasiness
为“不安；担
忧”之意。

3
．根据因果关系进行猜测

在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，
若两 个事物或两种现象之间构成因
果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。
表示因果关系的标志词有
because
，
so
，
thus
，
therefore
，
as
a
result
of
，
since
，
so that
，
so/such...that...
等。

例如：
My
son
could
not
follow
the
teacher
’
s
directions
，
he
told
me
，
and thus
，
Scola was disrupting the
’
t he know
my son did not speak English yet?
试题：
What does the underlined word
“
disrupting
”
probably
mean?
A
．
Breaking. B
．
Following.
C
．
Attending.
D
．
Disturbing.
分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标 志词
thus
，由前面的
原因
“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”
可以推知 ，
“
他因此认为我儿子
Scola
干扰了课堂”
，故选
D< br>项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。

4
．根据同义或近义关系进行猜测

在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同 义或近义的词语或结构，
它
往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，
这时可从熟悉的词语中推 知生词或
短语的含义。
常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有
and
，or
，
like
，
as well
，
similarl y
，
too
，
also
，
either
等。

例如：
The fine selection of the major works was done in close
collaboration(
合作
) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in
Madrid
，
Spain
，
and
with
contributions
from
other
institutions
like the Salvador Dali Museum in burg
，
Florida.
试题：
What
does
the
underlined
word
“
contributions
”
refer
to?
A
．
Artworks. B
．
Projects.
C
．
Donations.
D
．
Documents.
分析：画线单词
contributi ons
前出现了
and
，可利用同义或近义关
系进行猜测。
and< br>前面提到了
the
fine
selection
of
the
major
works
(
精选的重要作品
)< br>，
后面说
contributions
来自其他机构，
由并列关
系可以推断出
contributions
应该属于
works
的范畴，< br>同时文中明确
表示
contributions
是来自
museum< br>的，故选
A
项。

5
．根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测

有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后 会出现表示转折或对比的词语，
运
用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。
能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，
常见的有
but
，
yet
，
ho wever
，
while
，
unlike
，
instead
(of)
，
on
the
other hand
，
rather than
，
on the contrary
等。

例如：
In the evening
，
rides are usually at a more relaxed and
unhurried pace
，
with golden
light
streaming
across
the
grassy
delta
and
the
animals
coming
out
to
eat
and

though
they
are
，
rides
at
this
time
of
day
are
still
very
impressive.
试题：
What
does
the
underlined
word
“
sedate
”
probably
mean?
A
．
Wild and romantic.
B
．
Slow and peaceful.
C
．
Hungry and thirsty.
D
．
Active and excited.
分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们

，但是在一天
的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。
”
由
though
可知前后两< br>句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的
at a more relaxed and
unhurried pace
可知，应选
B
项，
sedate意为“不慌不忙的”
。

6
．根据上下文进行猜测

有 些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，
这时可以利用上下文提供的情
景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合 分析，
进而推测词义，
这也是近几年来
高考考查的热点。

例如：
There
are
also
varieties
developed
to
suit
specific
local
conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality
is
Orleans
Reinette
，
but you
’
ll need
a warm
，
sheltered
place
with perfect soil to grow it
，
so it
’
s a pipe dream for most
apple lovers who fall for it.
试题：
What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“
a
pipe
dream
”
probably
mean?
A
．
A practical idea.
B
．
A vain hope.
C
．
A brilliant plan.
D
．
A selfish desire.
分析：根据连接词
so
可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要
从上文中 寻找答案。由上文中的“
One of the very best varieties
for
eating
quality
is
Orleans
Reinette
，
but
you
’
ll
need
a
warm
，
sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it...
”可知，尽管
Orleans Reinette
是很好的品种，但是对各 项条件的要求很高，因
此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。故选
B
项。

【课堂练习】

A
83-year-old
Antonio
Vicente
has
spent
the
last
four
decades
of
his life fighting against the trend. As Brazilian landowners
9cut
down
rainforests
to
make
room
for
1profitable
plantations(
种植园
)
and
cattle
grounds
，
he
struggled
to
bring
the jungles of his childhood back to life.
“
When I was a child
，
the peasants cut down the trees to make
grasslands
and
charcoal
，
and
the
water
dried
up
and
did
not
come
back
，
”
he
told
the
reporters.
“
I
thought
：
‘
Water
is
valuable
，
no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.
What is going
to happen? We are going to run out of water.’”

With
only
some
donkeys
and
a
small
team
of
hired
workers
，
Antonio
Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What
started
out
as
a
weekend hobby
soon
became a
2permanent
way
of
life
，
and
Antonio
recalls
often
spending
whole
days
and
nights
in his young jungle
，
surrounded by rats and foxes
，
and eating
banana
sandwiches
for
breakfast
，
lunch
and
dinner.
Over
the
last
40 years
，
he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his
31-hectare land
，
which now make up a small but unique area of
rainforest
，
and a haven for wildlife.
As the forest grew
，
the water returned
，
and Antonio says that
there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no
longer
there
when
he
bought
it.
Then
the
animals
started
making
a
home
there.
Today
，
the
forest
is
alive
with
the
sounds
of
birds
and 3insects living there
，
and more species are settling in
every year.
“
There are toucans(
巨嘴鸟
)
，
all kinds of birds
，
squirrels
，
lizards
，
and
even
the
boars
are
returning
，
”
83-year-old
Vicente
says.
“
If
you
ask
me
who
my
family
are
，
I
would
say
all
is
right
here
，
each one of these that I planted from a seed.
”

语篇解读

本文主要讲述一位
83
岁的老人用
40
年时间让热带雨林恢
复生机的故事。

1
．
What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?
A
．
They wasted much water on farming.
B
．
They focused on short-term profits.
C
．
They cared much about the environment.
D
．
They relied heavily on rainforests for a living.
答案

B
解析

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“
As
Brazilian
landowners
cut
down
rainforests
to
make
room for
profitable
plantations...
”
及第二段中的“
the
water
dried
up
and
did
not
come
back
”可知，
巴西的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选
B
。

2
．
What used to be young Antonio
’
s biggest concern?
A
．
Overpopulation. B
．
Polluted water.
C
．
Loss of grasslands.
D
．
Water shortage.
答案

D
解析

推理判断题。根据第二段中的“
Water is valuable
，
no one
makes water and the population will not stop is
going to happen? We are going to run out of water.
”可知，年
轻的Antonio
最关心的是水的短缺。故选
D
。

3
．
What does the underlined word
“
haven
”
in Paragraph 3
probably mean?
A
．
Trap.
B
．
Disaster.
C
．
Shelter.
D
．
Balance.
答案

C
解析

词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“
insects living there
，
and
more species are settling in every year
”可知，昆虫生活在这
里，
每年更多的物种在这里定居，
由此可推断出这里成了野生生物的
“安居地，避难所”
。故选
C
。

4
．
In
the
last
paragraph
，
Antonio
mainly
expresses
his .
A
．
4affection for his forest
B
．
thanks for his family
C
．
deep love for rare birds
D
．
pride as a successful farmer
答案

A
解析

推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的
“
If
you
ask
me
who
my
family
are
，
I would say all is right here
，
each one of these that I
planted
from
a
seed.< br>”
可推知，
Antonio
主要在表达他对森林的爱。
故选
A
。


B
Have you ever lost your car on a parking lot? It happens. You
park
and
go
shopping.
When
you
get
back
，
you
have
no
idea
where
your car is. It can be discouraging.
You
don
’
t
need
to
install(
安装
)
an
expensive
GPS
system
to
keep
10track of your car. That
’
s too expensive. You would need to
pay a monthly 5subscription fee just to use it. But is there
a
way
to
track
your
6vehicle
without
spending
a
fortune?
Yes
，
now there is! A California-based start-up company is able to
make
this
a
reality.
They
have
created
a
tiny
device(
装置
)
that
works with your smartphone
，
and it can be exactly what you
’
re looking for! It
’
s called TrackR
’
s changing the
way we keep track of the important things in our lives.
7Install the free TrackR app on your smartphone
，
connect the
app
to
your
device
and
you
’
re
ready
to
go!
Simply
attach
TrackR
to whatever you want to keep an eye on. The entire process of
setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less. You can attach it
to
your
keys
，
wallet
and
anything
else
you
don
’
t
want
to
lose.
Then use the TrackR app to find where your missing items are
in seconds.
Forget
expensive
GPS
systems
or
tracking
services.
Nobody
wants
to pay expensive monthly subscription fees. We understand how
stressful these things can be
，
and this is the reason why the
company created TrackR. This device is your VIP when you need
to take care of important things.
If
you
forget
where
you
park
your
car
，
take
out
your
smartphone
and open the TrackR on the
“
lost item
”
sign on the
screen
and
the
app
will
tell
you
the
exact
location.
This
device
is
by
no
means
expensive.
TrackR
only
costs 29
，
a
small
price
to pay for peace of mind. The device is small enough that you
can
attach
it
to
your
pets.
Put
it
on
their
collar
，
and
you
will
never lose track of them! Attach it to your key or wallet
，
and never waste a minute rummaging the whole house for it.
Since you
’
ve been informed about this brilliant invention
，
now attach it to everything that
’
s important to you.
语篇解读

本文介绍了一个应用软件
TrackR
，它可以帮助你找到丢
失的东西。

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