浙江2020高考英语阅读理解：词义猜测题讲解及选练
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2021年01月29日 23:16
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浙江
2020
高考英语阅读理解
--
词义猜测题讲解及选 练（含答案）
高考英语阅读理解常考点分析
阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：
1.
考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力
(
细节理解题
)
；
2.
考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力
(
词义猜测题
)
；
3.
考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力
(
主旨大意题
)
；
4.
考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力
(
推理判断题
)
。
【词义猜测题】
Ⅰ
.
利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。
有时，
为了避免重复，作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。
此时会出现与之同义或近义
的词语或结 构，此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。这种情况下，通常在生
词和与其同义或近义的词 或短语之间有表并列关系的词
and
或
or
等。
Ⅱ
.
利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。
反义词同样能够 帮助我们理解生词的含义，像
although
，
but
，
whil e
，
however
，
otherwise
，
on the other hand
等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。
Ⅲ
.
根据定义和解释猜测词义。
有些文章中尽管出现了生词，
但作者可能会以某 种方式对该生词进行解释，
如利用
means
，
or
，
th at is to say
，
that is
，
in other word s
，
namely
等释义性词或短语来进行解释，或利用破折
号、同位语、同 位语从句、定语从句等来解释。
Ⅳ
.
利用举例说明猜测词义。
有时，
有些生词没有给出直接的解释，
而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。我们可
以对这些例子进行归纳，即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义，也能猜测出其大致意思。常< br>见的表示举例说明的词和短语有：
like
，
for example
，
for instance
，
such as
，
such ... as
等。
Ⅴ
.
利用上下文语境猜测词义。
猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境，
此时就要求我们通过上下文来对
该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。
Ⅵ
.
利用词义搭配猜测词义。
第
1
页（共
10
页）
句子中的某个单 词总是和其它的词或短语相关联，
我们可以通过这些前后关联的词或短语
来猜测该生词的含义。
Ⅶ
.
利用因果关系猜测词义。
有时，
我们可 以结合上下文利用因果关系来进行推断，
可以是根据原因推测结果，
也可以
是根据结果 推测原因。通常用于表示因果关系的词和短语有：
because
，
as
，< br>since
，
for
，
so
，
thus
，< br>
as a result
，
therefore
，
so/such ... that
等。
Ⅸ
.
利用类属关系猜测词义。
有时，
文中出现的生词可能与其他几个我们熟悉的词语同属于一个类别，
此时可以利用这
种类属关系推测出生词的意思。
Ⅹ
.
利用生活经验和社会常识猜测词义。
有不少生词可以根据生活经验或社会常识进行推 理、
分析从而猜测出词义。
比如了解一些
西方国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及 社会制度等，可以帮助我们加深对文章的理解，
遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就增强了。
Ⅺ
.
利用构词法猜测词义。
构词法以派生和合成为主，如：前缀 、后缀和词根，或是复合词。了解构词法并记住一些
派生词词缀，可以帮助我们扩充词汇量，也可猜测出 不少生词的词义。
【真题回放】
And
no,
not
because
the
kids
like
to
pull
their
ears.
The
culprit
is
climate
change,
and
some
researchers
found
that
rising
temperatures
are
having
harmful
effects
on
at
least
five
species
of
rabbit in the US.
（浙江卷，
2019
年阅读理解
A
）
42. The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to
.
A. criminal
B. judge
C. victim
D. producer
42. A
。
rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US
中
rising temperatures
与
climate change
有关，再根据
having harmful effects on at least five species
of rabbit
可知，上升的温度对五种兔子有 不良影响，由此可知，气候变化是引起问题的事物，
与
criminal (
罪犯
)
意思相近。
【冲向高考】
阅读理解
第
2
页（共
10
页）
Shay asked, “Do you think they’ll let me play?” Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not
want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and
physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and
some confidence.
Shay’s father approached one of the boys o
n the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting
much. The boy looked around and said, “We’re losing by six runs (
分
) and the game is in the eighth
inning (
局
).I guess he can be on our team and we’ll try to put him in to bat in the final inning.
Shay
struggled over to the team’s bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father
had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the father’s joy at his son being
accepted.
In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay’s team scored a
few runs but was still behind by three. In the
top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way,
he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning,
Shay’
s team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and
give away their chance to win the game?
Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch
(
投
) came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly
towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to
the pitcher.
The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and
that would have been the end of the game .Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of
the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates, The audience and the players from both
teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first!” Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it
to first base, wide-eyed and shocked.
Everyone should, “Run to second!” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second. By the
time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the
hero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he
understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third
baseman’s
head.
第
3
页（共
10
页）
All were screaming
，
“Shay
，
Shay
，
Shay
，
all the way Shay.” Shay reached third base when one opposing
player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet,
crying, “Shay, run home
！
”Shay ran to home, steppe
d on the home base and was cheered as the hero
who t won the game for his team.
That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. Shay
didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgott
en being the hero and
making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of
the day!
(
) 1. Not expecting much, Shay’s father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the
father _________.
A. noticed some of the boys on the field were heisting
B. guessed his presence would affect the boy’s decision
C. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay well
D. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted
(
) 2. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys _________.
A. believed they were sure to win the game
B. would like to help Shay enjoy the game
C. found Shay was so eager to be a winner
D. fell forced to give Shay another chance
(
) 3. The smallest boy threw the
ball high and far over the third baseman’s head, probably because
that boy ________.
A. was obviously aware of the pitcher’s purpose
B. looked forward to winning the game for his team
C. failed to throw the ball to the second baseman
D. saw that Shay already reached second base
(
) 4. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shay’s becoming the hero for his team?
A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.
B. The audience and the players from both teams cheered for him.
C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.
第
4
页（共
10
页）
D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.
(
) 5. What to you think is the theme of the story?
A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.
B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disabled.
C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.
D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.
本篇文章是一篇关于爱的教育的故事。 一位父亲鼓励帮助自己心智和身体残疾的儿子，和正常
人一样参与棒球运动，并且得到同伴的认可。文章 富有教育意义。
1.
细节题。
根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段，
but
处出题，最后一句
”it would give him a
much-
needed sense of belonging and some confidence”
得出答案
D
为正确选项。
2.
细 节题。答案在原文第五段
surprisingly
处，显示了一种转折。在上一段讲了
Shay
的团队赢分
了，在上文
even though
点出尽管他没有一 个球是他进的，但他仍然感到很喜悦。在第五段文
章说他被伙伴们同意进入了最后一局。可见答案
B
是正确的，所有人都希望能够帮助他成功。
3.
细节题。根据题干将关键词定位到第七段
”the smallest guy on their team”
，这是个长难句，
who
引导了一个非限制性定语从句，他本可以成为比赛最后的
hero,
可
but
点出了转折，
他 明白
pitcher
的意图并且帮助了
Shay
的成功。可见答案
A
正确。
4.
推断题。题干问下面哪一项是和
Shay
的成 功无关的。文章第八段最后说众人喊道
: “Shay, run
home”,
当他
run home
之后，我们看到结果是他成功了，他成为 了
Hero
，可见没有任何人在这
个时候阻止了他。可见
C
选项是与 他的成功无关的，为正确选项。
5.
主旨大意题。文章处处渗透了球队人与人之间 的相互尊重，因此
A
选项包容性最大，
B,C,D
都是很片面的。
【
2020
年沈阳 市高中三年级教学质量监测（一）
】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案
填空。
B
It
was
a
cold
night
in
Washington,
D.C.,
and
I
was
heading
back
to
the
hotel
when
a
man
approached me. He asked me for some money so he co
uld get something to eat. I’d read the signs:
“Don’t give money to
beggars
.” So I shook my head and kept
marching.
I wasn’t prepared for a reply, but he said, “I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You can
come with me and watch me eat!” But I kept
on marching.
第
5
页（共
10
页）