什么叫介词, 副词 ,定冠词 ,助动词 ,代词……
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2021年01月30日 13:40
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介词是一种用来表示词与词
,
词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。 介词后
面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成
介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。例如
:
二
.
相关知识点精讲
介词口诀:自从以当为按照,由于对于为了到 ;和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝;用在名
词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。
1.
表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to
at (1)
表示在小地方
; (2)
表示“在……附近,旁边”
in (1)
表示
在大地方
; (2)
表示“在…范围之内”
。
on
表示毗邻,接壤
to
表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia lies on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2)above, over, on
在……上
above
指在……上方
,
不强调是否垂直,与
below
相对;
over
指垂直的上方
,
与
under
相对
,
但
over
与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。
on
表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under
在……下面
under
表示在…正下方
below
表示在……下,不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
2.
表示时间的介词
1)in , on
,
at
在……时
in
表示较长时间,如世纪、 朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。
如
in
the
20th
century,
in
the
1950s,
in
1989,
in
summer,
in
January,
in
the
morning,
in the night, in one
’
s life , in one
’
s thirties
等。
on
表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如
on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year
’
s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine
morning, on Sunday afternoon
等。
at
表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
如
at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of
…
, at the age
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of
…
, at Christmas
,
at night, at noon, at this moment
等。
注意:在
last,
next,
this,
that,
some,
every
等词之前一律不用介词。如:
We
meet
every
day.
2)in, after
在……之后
“
in +
段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;
“
after+
段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;
“
after+
将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o
’
clock this afternoon.
3)from, since
自从……
from
仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;
since
表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4)after, behind
在……之后
after
主要用于表示时间;
behind
主要用于表示位置。
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
3.
表运动方向的介词:
across, through
通过,穿过
across
表示横过
,即从物体表面通过,与
on
有关;
through
穿过
,
即从物体内部穿过,与
in
有关。
She swam across the river.
He walked through the forest.
4.
表示“在……之间”的介词:
between, among
between
指在两个人或两个事物之间;
among
指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.
The teacher is standing among the students.
5.
表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about
关于
on
表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;
about
表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。
There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
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He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
2)by, with, in
表示方法、手段、工具
by
以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;
with
表示用
…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;
in
表示用…方式,用…语言
(
语调、笔墨、颜色
)
等;
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
3)except, besides
除了
except
除……之外,不包括在内;
besides
除……之外,包括在内。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(
王先生没去
)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(
王先生也去了
)
三
.
巩固练习
1. Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.
(
in, on, to
)
2. Go
_________
the
bridge
_________
the
river,
you
’
ll
find
the
shop.
(
across,
through; over, above
)
3. I go to school __________7:30 every morning.
(
in, on, at
)
4. He
would
like
to
meet
her
__________8:00
and
9:00
tomorrow
morning.
(
between,
among
)
5. The Greens have lived in China ________ three years.
(
in, for, after
)
6. We go to school every day ________ Saturday and Sunday.
(
except, besides
)
7. He wrote the letter _________ ink.
(
by, with ,in
)
8. She returned to her country _________five years.
(
in, after, for
)
9. There is a big tree _________ our classroom.
(
after, behind
)
10. I usually go to work _________ bike.
(
by, on, with
)
其它常用介词
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,但它们的用法 却非常灵活
,
复杂。下列为常用介词及含义
:
about
关于
,
附近
,
大约
,
周围
,
随身
.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
图片里大约有十五棵树。
above
在
....
上
,
高出
,
以上
,
超过
,
在
...
上游
.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多岁了。
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across
横过
,
对面
,
交叉
,
在
...
的对面.
Can you swim across the river
?
你能游过河吗?
We live across the street.
我们住在街的对面。
after
在
...
后面
,
依照
.
He went home after school.
他放学后就回家了。
Read after me, please.
请跟我朗读。
against
撞到,靠着
,
反对
,
违背
,
The car hit against the tree.
汽车撞了树。
He is standing against the wall.
他靠墙站着。
along
沿着
,
顺着
.
They are walking along the river.
他们沿着河行走。
among
在
...
当中
.
He is the tallest among them.
他是他们当中个子最高的。
around
在
...
的周围
,
在
...
那一边
.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角处有一家药店。
as
作为
.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
at
在
...
时刻
,
在
...
点钟
,
在
...
岁时
,
向,在
...
之中,按
...
速度
,
值
(
卖
)...
钱
,
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他时常早上六点钟起床。
He shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鸟射击,但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
before
在
...
的前面
(
位置
),
在
...
之前
(
时间
)
He took a picture before the car.
他在汽车前照了张照片。
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚饭前他完不成工作。
behind
在
...
的后面
(
位置
),
落后于,不如,
迟于
,
晚于
(
时间
)
Are there any brooms behind the door.