动词语法及练习题(初中)

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2021年01月30日 13:40
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英语语法知识怎么学?
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动词的分类和动词短语


中考要求:

1.

熟练掌握动词一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的形式。




2.
熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在 进行时、过去进行时
的构成和基本用法。













3.
初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。












4.
了解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。












5.
了解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。


知识点一、动词分类



1
、表动作状态的词叫做动词, 能单独作谓语,根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实
义动词
(Notional

Verb)
、系动词
(Link

Verb)
、助动词
(Auxiliary

Verb)
、情态动词
(Modal

Verb)
,有些动词是兼类词


1)We

are

having

a

meeting.









2)He

has

gone

to

New

York.





2
、根据是否带有宾语,可分为两类:及物动词
(Transitive

Verb)
、不及物动词
(Intransitive

Verb)
,同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词


1)She

can

dance

and

sing.












2)She

can

sing

many

English

songs.




3
、
根据是否受主语人称和数的限制,
分两类:
限定动词
(Fini te

Verb)
、
非限定动词
(Non
-
finite

Verb)
,
英语中共有三种非限定动词:
动词不定式
(Infin itive)
、
动名词
(Gerund)
、
分词
(Part iciple)

1)She

sings

very

well.










2)She

wants

to

learn

English

well.



4
、
根据动词的组成形式,
可分为三类:
单字词
(One
-
Wo rd

Verb)
、
短语动词
(Phrasal

Verb)
、
动词短语
(Verbal

Phrase)


1)The

English

language

contains

many

phrasal

verbs

and

verbal

phrases.



2)Students

should

learn

to

look

up

new

words

in

dictionaries.




5
、动词有五种形态:原形
(Original

Form)
、第三人称单数形式
(Singular

From

in

Third

Personal)
、过去式
(Past

Form)
、过去分词
(Past

Participle)
、现在分词
(Present

Participle)


知识点二、助动词



1
、协助主动词构成谓语动词组的词叫助动词
(Auxiliary

Verb)
,被协助动词称主动词
(Main

Verb)
,助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:



1)

表示时态

He

has

got

married.


2)

表示语态


He

was

sent

to

England.




3)

构成疑问句


Did

you

study

English

before

you

came

here?




4)

与否定副词
not
合用,构成否定句

I

don't

like

him.




5)

加强语气


Do

come

to

the

party

tomorrow

evening.




2
、助动词
be
的用法

1
、
be

v
-
ing,

构成进行时态


English

is

becoming

more

and

more

important.




2
、
be

v
-
ed
,构成被动语态


English

is

taught

throughout

the

world.



3
、
be

to

do
,可表示下列内容


1)

表示最近、未来的计划或安排



He

is

to

go

to

New

York

next

week..




2)

表示命令



He

is

to

come

to

the

office

this

afternoon.





学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。



英语语法知识怎么学?
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老师处
get,
英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
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3)

征求意见


How

am

I

to

answer

him?




4)

表示相约、商定


We

are

to

meet

at

the

school

gate

at

seven

tomorrow

morning.




4
、助动词
have
的用法




1
、
have

v
-
ed
,构成完成时态



By

the

end

of

last

month,

they

had

finished

half

of

their

work.




2
、
have


been

v
-
ed
,构成完成进行时


I

have

been

studying

English

for

ten

years.



3
、
have+been

+
过去分词,构成完成式被动语态


English

has

been

taught

in

China

for

many

years.




4
、助动词
do

的用法




1
、构成一般疑问句



Do

you

want

to

pass

the

CET?




2
、
do

+

not

构成否定句



In

the

past,

many

students

did

not

know

the

importance

of

English.



3
、构成否定祈使句


Don't

be

so

absent
-
minded.




4
、放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气


Do

come

to

my

birthday

party.




5
、用于倒装句



Only

when

we

begin

our

college

life

do

we

realize

the

importance

of

English.



知识点三、连系动词







连系动词
(Link

Verb)
,本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓 语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结
构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

注:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语


1)

He

fell

ill

yesterday.




2)

He

fell

off

the

ladder.





1
、表状态系 动词
(
用来表示主语状态,只有
be
一词
)


He

is

a

teacher.





2
、表持续性系动词
(
用来表示 主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,有
keep,

rest,

remain,

stay,

lie,

stand,

continue)



1)

He

always

kept

silent

at

meeting.





2)

This

matter

rests

a

mystery.





3
、表感官系动词
(
感官系动词主要有
feel,

smell,

sound,

taste,

look)

1)This

kind

of

cloth

feels

very

soft.2)This

flower

smells

very

sweet.





4
、表变化系动词
(
这些系动词表示主语变 成什么样,变化系动词主要有
become,

grow,

turn,

fall,

get,

go,

come,

run)



1)

He

became

mad

after

that.





2)

She

grew

rich

within

a

short

time.






5
、表像系动词
(
用来表示看起来像有
seem,

appear,

look)


1)

He

looks

tired.




2)

He

seems

(to

be)

very

sad.





学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。



英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY


6
、终止系动词
(
表示主语已终止动作有
prove,

trun

out)

1)The

search

proved

difficult.




2)His

plan

turned

out

a

success.



7
、系动词的使用应注意事项




1)
有些动词既可以作系动词,又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时,只能先根据其意思
判断清楚到底 是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择


The

soft

drinking

tastes

quite

sour.


The

chef

is

tasting

the

fish

carefully.



2)
这类词不用进行时


3)
系动词无被动式



知识点四、情态动词的用法


1
、
must

have

to




1)

表示义务。意为必须,
must
表示主观意志
;

have

to
表示客观需要


We

must

do

everything

step

by

step.




My

brother

was

ill,

so

I

had

to

call

the

doctor

in

the

middle

of

the

night.



2)

must
无人称和数的变化
;

have

to
有人称和数的变化
have

to,

has

to,

had

to,

have

had

to


mustn
’
t
表示禁止
;


don
’
t

have

to
表不必


You

don
’
t

have

to

tell

him

about

it.



3)

must
表推测,意为想必、准是、一定等,只用于肯定句


She
’
s

wearing

a

diamond

necklace.

She

must

have

a

lot

of

money.



4)

must
提问的回答方式



---
Must

we

hand

in

our

exercise

books

now?



---
Yes,

you

must/No,

you

needn
’
t/No,

you

don
’
t

have

to.



2
、
can

could

be

able

to



1)

表示能力,
can
只用于现在时和过去时
(could);

be

able

to
用于各种时态


Two

eyes

can

see

more

than

one.




Could

the

girl

read

before

she

went

to

school?



They

will

be

able

to

tell

you

the

news

soon.


2)

理论上或是逻辑判断上表示可能



The

temperature

can

fall

to 60
℃
,

that

is

60
℃

below

freezing.

He

can
’
t

(couldn
’
t)

have

enough

money

for

a

new

car.




You

mustn
’
t

smoke

while

you
’
re

walking

around

in

the

wood.

You

could

start

a

fire.


3)
表示允许,比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法


Can(could)

I

have

a

look

at

your

new

pen?




He

asked

whether

he

could

take

the

book

out

of

the

reading
-
room.


3
、
may

might



1)

might
表允许,可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉


You

may

take

whatever

you

like.




He

told

me

that

I

might

smoke

in

the

room.



May

(Might)

I

ask

for

a

photo

of

your

baby?




在
回
答
以
may
引
起
的
问
句
时< br>,
多
避
免
用
这
个
词
,
而< br>用
其
它
方
式
,
如
Yes,


学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。



英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单 词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY


please./Certainly./Please

don
’
t./You
’
d

better

not./No,

you

mustn
’
t.
等,以免显得
太严峻或不客气



2)

表事实上可能。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定


She

may

not

know

about

it.




They

might

be

having

a

meeting,

but

I
’
m

not

sure.


4
、
will

would


1)

表意愿



If

you

will

read

the

book,

I
’
ll

lend

it

to

you.




They

would

not

let

him

in

because

he

was

poorly

dressed.



2)

will
表请求,用于疑问句
;

would
表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法


Will

you

close

the

window?

It
’
s

a

bit

cold.



Would

you

mind

cleaning

the

window?




3)

will
表示某种倾向或习惯性动作
;

would
表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向


Fish

will

die

out

of

water.




Every

time

she

was

in

trouble,

she

would

go

to

him

for

help.


5
、
should

和
ought

to



1)

should
表义务,某件事宜于做,用于各种人称;
ought

to

表义务,因责任、义务等该
做,口气比
should
稍重



You

should

be

polite

to

your

teachers.



You

are

his

father.

You

ought

to

take

care

of

him.



2)

should
表推测,意为想必一定、照说、估计;
ought

to
表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气
较弱


The

film

should

be

very

good

as

it

is

starring

first
-
class

actors.



There
’
s

a

fine

sunset;

it

ought

to

be

a

fine

day

tomorrow.


6
、情态动词表示推测意义



1)

must,

can,

could,

may,

might
皆可以表示推测,语气由强到弱


2)


must,

can,

could,

may,

might
不同时态的用法



must,

can,

could,

may,

might
接动词原形,
表示对现在或将来的情况推测,
此时动词常
为系动词


must,

can,

could,

may,

might
接现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况推测

must,

can,

could,

may,

might
接动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测



must,

can,

could,

may,

might
接现在完成进行时,表对过去正在发生的事情的推测


3)

can
’
t
意为不可能;而
may

not
意为可能不



Danny

can
’
t

be

at

home.

I

saw

him

in

the

library

just

now.


It
’
s

seven

o
’
clock

now.

Michael

may

not

come

here.




五、动词短语归纳


1
、动词
+
介词



agree

with
同意…的意见;
符合

base

on
以…
(
为
)
根据

listen

to
听…

get

to
到达…


fall

off

(
从…
)
掉下











help

...

with

...
帮助
(
某人< br>)
做
(
某事
)

knock

at

/on
敲
(
门、窗
)

laugh

at
嘲笑















learn

…
from

…向…学习






live

on
继续存在;
靠
...
生活

look

after
照顾,
照看







look

at
看;
观看














look

for
寻找












look

like
看起来像










pay

for

(sth.)
付钱;支付









point

at
指示;指向




prefer

to

...
宁愿
(
选择
);
更喜欢

quarrel

with

(
和某人
)
吵架



学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。



英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY


regard

...

as

...
把
...
当作...
;当作
stop

...

from

doing
阻止
...
做
...

talk

about
说话;
谈话;谈论






talk

with
与
...
交谈




think

about
考虑















think

of
认为;想起



2
、动词
+
副词


ask

for
请求;询问








carry

on
坚持下去;继续下去








cut

down
砍倒



clean

up
清除;
收拾干净




come

down
下来;
落














come

along
来;
随
同


come

in
进来













come

on
来吧;跟着来;赶快




come

out
出来;
(
花
)
开;
发
(
芽
)

come

over
过来;
顺便来访

drop

off
放下
(
某物
)
;
下车








eat

up
吃光;吃完








fall

behind
落在
...
后面;输给别人

fall

down
跌倒;从
...
落下





find

out
查出
(
真相
)






get

back
回来;取回










get

down
下来;落下;把
...
取下来


get

off
下来;从
...
下来
get

on
上
(
车
)
















get

up
起床


















give

up
放
弃










go

on
继
续



















go

out
出
去

















go

over
过一遍;
仔细检查
grow

up
长大;
成长










hand

in
交上来









hold

on

等一等;

(
电话时
)
不挂断
hurry

up
赶快














look

out
留神;注意












look

over

(
仔细
)
检查




look

up
向上看;抬头看





pass

on
传递;转移到
...










pick

up
拾起;
捡起







put

away
放好;
把
...
收起来


put

on
穿上;
戴上;
(
戏剧等
)
上演


put

down
把
(
某物
)
放下来
put

up
掛起;
举起










run

away
流失;
逃跑;
逃走







set

off
出发;动身;启程
send

up
发射;把
...
往上送




shut

down
把
...
关上













sit

down
坐下









slow

down
减缓;
减速









take

off
脱掉
(
衣服
)













take

out
取出










throw

about
乱丢;抛撒









trip

over

(
被
...)
绊倒





try

on
试穿
(
衣服、鞋等
)
;试戴
try

out
试验;尝试












turn

down
关小;调低


turn

on
打开
(
电灯、收音机、等
)

turn

off
关
(
电灯、收音机、
煤气等
)

turn

over

(
使
)
翻过来











wake

up
醒来





wear

out
把
...
穿旧;
磨坏






work

out
算出;制订出







write

down
写下
...



3
、
be+
形容词
+
介词



be

a
ngry

with
对
(
某人
)
发脾气


be

interested

in
对
...
感兴趣


be

able

to
能;会









be

afraid

of
害怕












be

amazed

at
对
...
感到惊讶

be

excited

about
对
...
感到兴奋
be

filled

with
用
...
充满







be

full

of
充满
...
的





be

good

at/do

well

in
在
...
做得好

be

late

for
迟到













be

made

in
在
...
生产或制造

be

made

of
由
...
组成;< br>由
...
构成
be

pleased

with
对
...
感到满意

be

proud

of
以
...
自豪
(
高
兴
)

be

used

for/to

/as
用于



4
、动词
+
名词
/
代词



beg

one's

pardon
请原谅;对不起

do

morning

exercises
做早操

do

one's

homework
做作业

enjoy

oneself
过得快乐;
玩得愉快

give

a

concert
开音乐会




go

boating
去划船





go

fishing
去钓鱼


















go

hiking
去徒步旅行











go

skating
去滑冰

go

shopping

(
去
)
买东西














have

a

cold

(
患
)
感冒


have

a

cough

(
患
)
咳嗽

have

a

headache

(
患
)
头痛













have

a

try
尝
试;
努力





have

a

look
看一看

have

a

rest
休息











have

a

seat/take

a

seat
就坐;坐下

have

sports
进行体育活动
have

supper
吃晚餐










hear

of
听说








hold

a

sports

meeting
举行运动会

make

a

decision
作出决定







make

a

mistake
犯
错
误








make

a

noise
吵
闹


make

faces
做
鬼
脸











make

friends
交朋友















make

money
赚钱


take

one
’
s

place
代替某
人的职务

teach

oneself/learn

by

oneself
自学

take

photos
照相

take

time
花费
(
时
间
)









take

turns
轮流
















watch

TV
看电视




学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。

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