动词语法及练习题(初中)
温柔似野鬼°
589次浏览
2021年01月30日 13:40
最佳经验
本文由作者推荐
-
英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY
动词的分类和动词短语
中考要求:
1.
熟练掌握动词一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的形式。
2.
熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在 进行时、过去进行时
的构成和基本用法。
3.
初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别。
4.
了解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法。
5.
了解及物动词和不及物动词的用法。
知识点一、动词分类
1
、表动作状态的词叫做动词, 能单独作谓语,根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实
义动词
(Notional
Verb)
、系动词
(Link
Verb)
、助动词
(Auxiliary
Verb)
、情态动词
(Modal
Verb)
,有些动词是兼类词
1)We
are
having
a
meeting.
2)He
has
gone
to
New
York.
2
、根据是否带有宾语,可分为两类:及物动词
(Transitive
Verb)
、不及物动词
(Intransitive
Verb)
,同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词
1)She
can
dance
and
sing.
2)She
can
sing
many
English
songs.
3
、
根据是否受主语人称和数的限制,
分两类:
限定动词
(Fini te
Verb)
、
非限定动词
(Non
-
finite
Verb)
,
英语中共有三种非限定动词:
动词不定式
(Infin itive)
、
动名词
(Gerund)
、
分词
(Part iciple)
1)She
sings
very
well.
2)She
wants
to
learn
English
well.
4
、
根据动词的组成形式,
可分为三类:
单字词
(One
-
Wo rd
Verb)
、
短语动词
(Phrasal
Verb)
、
动词短语
(Verbal
Phrase)
1)The
English
language
contains
many
phrasal
verbs
and
verbal
phrases.
2)Students
should
learn
to
look
up
new
words
in
dictionaries.
5
、动词有五种形态:原形
(Original
Form)
、第三人称单数形式
(Singular
From
in
Third
Personal)
、过去式
(Past
Form)
、过去分词
(Past
Participle)
、现在分词
(Present
Participle)
知识点二、助动词
1
、协助主动词构成谓语动词组的词叫助动词
(Auxiliary
Verb)
,被协助动词称主动词
(Main
Verb)
,助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用:
1)
表示时态
He
has
got
married.
2)
表示语态
He
was
sent
to
England.
3)
构成疑问句
Did
you
study
English
before
you
came
here?
4)
与否定副词
not
合用,构成否定句
I
don't
like
him.
5)
加强语气
Do
come
to
the
party
tomorrow
evening.
2
、助动词
be
的用法
1
、
be
v
-
ing,
构成进行时态
English
is
becoming
more
and
more
important.
2
、
be
v
-
ed
,构成被动语态
English
is
taught
throughout
the
world.
3
、
be
to
do
,可表示下列内容
1)
表示最近、未来的计划或安排
He
is
to
go
to
New
York
next
week..
2)
表示命令
He
is
to
come
to
the
office
this
afternoon.
学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。
英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY
3)
征求意见
How
am
I
to
answer
him?
4)
表示相约、商定
We
are
to
meet
at
the
school
gate
at
seven
tomorrow
morning.
4
、助动词
have
的用法
1
、
have
v
-
ed
,构成完成时态
By
the
end
of
last
month,
they
had
finished
half
of
their
work.
2
、
have
been
v
-
ed
,构成完成进行时
I
have
been
studying
English
for
ten
years.
3
、
have+been
+
过去分词,构成完成式被动语态
English
has
been
taught
in
China
for
many
years.
4
、助动词
do
的用法
1
、构成一般疑问句
Do
you
want
to
pass
the
CET?
2
、
do
+
not
构成否定句
In
the
past,
many
students
did
not
know
the
importance
of
English.
3
、构成否定祈使句
Don't
be
so
absent
-
minded.
4
、放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气
Do
come
to
my
birthday
party.
5
、用于倒装句
Only
when
we
begin
our
college
life
do
we
realize
the
importance
of
English.
知识点三、连系动词
连系动词
(Link
Verb)
,本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓 语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结
构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
注:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语
1)
He
fell
ill
yesterday.
2)
He
fell
off
the
ladder.
1
、表状态系 动词
(
用来表示主语状态,只有
be
一词
)
He
is
a
teacher.
2
、表持续性系动词
(
用来表示 主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,有
keep,
rest,
remain,
stay,
lie,
stand,
continue)
1)
He
always
kept
silent
at
meeting.
2)
This
matter
rests
a
mystery.
3
、表感官系动词
(
感官系动词主要有
feel,
smell,
sound,
taste,
look)
1)This
kind
of
cloth
feels
very
soft.2)This
flower
smells
very
sweet.
4
、表变化系动词
(
这些系动词表示主语变 成什么样,变化系动词主要有
become,
grow,
turn,
fall,
get,
go,
come,
run)
1)
He
became
mad
after
that.
2)
She
grew
rich
within
a
short
time.
5
、表像系动词
(
用来表示看起来像有
seem,
appear,
look)
1)
He
looks
tired.
2)
He
seems
(to
be)
very
sad.
学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。
英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY
6
、终止系动词
(
表示主语已终止动作有
prove,
trun
out)
1)The
search
proved
difficult.
2)His
plan
turned
out
a
success.
7
、系动词的使用应注意事项
1)
有些动词既可以作系动词,又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时,只能先根据其意思
判断清楚到底 是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择
The
soft
drinking
tastes
quite
sour.
The
chef
is
tasting
the
fish
carefully.
2)
这类词不用进行时
3)
系动词无被动式
知识点四、情态动词的用法
1
、
must
have
to
1)
表示义务。意为必须,
must
表示主观意志
;
have
to
表示客观需要
We
must
do
everything
step
by
step.
My
brother
was
ill,
so
I
had
to
call
the
doctor
in
the
middle
of
the
night.
2)
must
无人称和数的变化
;
have
to
有人称和数的变化
have
to,
has
to,
had
to,
have
had
to
mustn
’
t
表示禁止
;
don
’
t
have
to
表不必
You
don
’
t
have
to
tell
him
about
it.
3)
must
表推测,意为想必、准是、一定等,只用于肯定句
She
’
s
wearing
a
diamond
necklace.
She
must
have
a
lot
of
money.
4)
must
提问的回答方式
---
Must
we
hand
in
our
exercise
books
now?
---
Yes,
you
must/No,
you
needn
’
t/No,
you
don
’
t
have
to.
2
、
can
could
be
able
to
1)
表示能力,
can
只用于现在时和过去时
(could);
be
able
to
用于各种时态
Two
eyes
can
see
more
than
one.
Could
the
girl
read
before
she
went
to
school?
They
will
be
able
to
tell
you
the
news
soon.
2)
理论上或是逻辑判断上表示可能
The
temperature
can
fall
to 60
℃
,
that
is
60
℃
below
freezing.
He
can
’
t
(couldn
’
t)
have
enough
money
for
a
new
car.
You
mustn
’
t
smoke
while
you
’
re
walking
around
in
the
wood.
You
could
start
a
fire.
3)
表示允许,比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法
Can(could)
I
have
a
look
at
your
new
pen?
He
asked
whether
he
could
take
the
book
out
of
the
reading
-
room.
3
、
may
might
1)
might
表允许,可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉
You
may
take
whatever
you
like.
He
told
me
that
I
might
smoke
in
the
room.
May
(Might)
I
ask
for
a
photo
of
your
baby?
在
回
答
以
may
引
起
的
问
句
时< br>,
多
避
免
用
这
个
词
,
而< br>用
其
它
方
式
,
如
Yes,
学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。
英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单 词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY
please./Certainly./Please
don
’
t./You
’
d
better
not./No,
you
mustn
’
t.
等,以免显得
太严峻或不客气
2)
表事实上可能。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定
She
may
not
know
about
it.
They
might
be
having
a
meeting,
but
I
’
m
not
sure.
4
、
will
would
1)
表意愿
If
you
will
read
the
book,
I
’
ll
lend
it
to
you.
They
would
not
let
him
in
because
he
was
poorly
dressed.
2)
will
表请求,用于疑问句
;
would
表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法
Will
you
close
the
window?
It
’
s
a
bit
cold.
Would
you
mind
cleaning
the
window?
3)
will
表示某种倾向或习惯性动作
;
would
表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向
Fish
will
die
out
of
water.
Every
time
she
was
in
trouble,
she
would
go
to
him
for
help.
5
、
should
和
ought
to
1)
should
表义务,某件事宜于做,用于各种人称;
ought
to
表义务,因责任、义务等该
做,口气比
should
稍重
You
should
be
polite
to
your
teachers.
You
are
his
father.
You
ought
to
take
care
of
him.
2)
should
表推测,意为想必一定、照说、估计;
ought
to
表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气
较弱
The
film
should
be
very
good
as
it
is
starring
first
-
class
actors.
There
’
s
a
fine
sunset;
it
ought
to
be
a
fine
day
tomorrow.
6
、情态动词表示推测意义
1)
must,
can,
could,
may,
might
皆可以表示推测,语气由强到弱
2)
must,
can,
could,
may,
might
不同时态的用法
must,
can,
could,
may,
might
接动词原形,
表示对现在或将来的情况推测,
此时动词常
为系动词
must,
can,
could,
may,
might
接现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况推测
must,
can,
could,
may,
might
接动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测
must,
can,
could,
may,
might
接现在完成进行时,表对过去正在发生的事情的推测
3)
can
’
t
意为不可能;而
may
not
意为可能不
Danny
can
’
t
be
at
home.
I
saw
him
in
the
library
just
now.
It
’
s
seven
o
’
clock
now.
Michael
may
not
come
here.
五、动词短语归纳
1
、动词
+
介词
agree
with
同意…的意见;
符合
base
on
以…
(
为
)
根据
listen
to
听…
get
to
到达…
fall
off
(
从…
)
掉下
help
...
with
...
帮助
(
某人< br>)
做
(
某事
)
knock
at
/on
敲
(
门、窗
)
laugh
at
嘲笑
learn
…
from
…向…学习
live
on
继续存在;
靠
...
生活
look
after
照顾,
照看
look
at
看;
观看
look
for
寻找
look
like
看起来像
pay
for
(sth.)
付钱;支付
point
at
指示;指向
prefer
to
...
宁愿
(
选择
);
更喜欢
quarrel
with
(
和某人
)
吵架
学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。
英语语法知识怎么学?
Sunny
老师处
get,
英语单词怎么记,
Sunny
老师来帮你。微信号:
SY
regard
...
as
...
把
...
当作...
;当作
stop
...
from
doing
阻止
...
做
...
talk
about
说话;
谈话;谈论
talk
with
与
...
交谈
think
about
考虑
think
of
认为;想起
2
、动词
+
副词
ask
for
请求;询问
carry
on
坚持下去;继续下去
cut
down
砍倒
clean
up
清除;
收拾干净
come
down
下来;
落
come
along
来;
随
同
come
in
进来
come
on
来吧;跟着来;赶快
come
out
出来;
(
花
)
开;
发
(
芽
)
come
over
过来;
顺便来访
drop
off
放下
(
某物
)
;
下车
eat
up
吃光;吃完
fall
behind
落在
...
后面;输给别人
fall
down
跌倒;从
...
落下
find
out
查出
(
真相
)
get
back
回来;取回
get
down
下来;落下;把
...
取下来
get
off
下来;从
...
下来
get
on
上
(
车
)
get
up
起床
give
up
放
弃
go
on
继
续
go
out
出
去
go
over
过一遍;
仔细检查
grow
up
长大;
成长
hand
in
交上来
hold
on
等一等;
(
电话时
)
不挂断
hurry
up
赶快
look
out
留神;注意
look
over
(
仔细
)
检查
look
up
向上看;抬头看
pass
on
传递;转移到
...
pick
up
拾起;
捡起
put
away
放好;
把
...
收起来
put
on
穿上;
戴上;
(
戏剧等
)
上演
put
down
把
(
某物
)
放下来
put
up
掛起;
举起
run
away
流失;
逃跑;
逃走
set
off
出发;动身;启程
send
up
发射;把
...
往上送
shut
down
把
...
关上
sit
down
坐下
slow
down
减缓;
减速
take
off
脱掉
(
衣服
)
take
out
取出
throw
about
乱丢;抛撒
trip
over
(
被
...)
绊倒
try
on
试穿
(
衣服、鞋等
)
;试戴
try
out
试验;尝试
turn
down
关小;调低
turn
on
打开
(
电灯、收音机、等
)
turn
off
关
(
电灯、收音机、
煤气等
)
turn
over
(
使
)
翻过来
wake
up
醒来
wear
out
把
...
穿旧;
磨坏
work
out
算出;制订出
write
down
写下
...
3
、
be+
形容词
+
介词
be
a
ngry
with
对
(
某人
)
发脾气
be
interested
in
对
...
感兴趣
be
able
to
能;会
be
afraid
of
害怕
be
amazed
at
对
...
感到惊讶
be
excited
about
对
...
感到兴奋
be
filled
with
用
...
充满
be
full
of
充满
...
的
be
good
at/do
well
in
在
...
做得好
be
late
for
迟到
be
made
in
在
...
生产或制造
be
made
of
由
...
组成;< br>由
...
构成
be
pleased
with
对
...
感到满意
be
proud
of
以
...
自豪
(
高
兴
)
be
used
for/to
/as
用于
4
、动词
+
名词
/
代词
beg
one's
pardon
请原谅;对不起
do
morning
exercises
做早操
do
one's
homework
做作业
enjoy
oneself
过得快乐;
玩得愉快
give
a
concert
开音乐会
go
boating
去划船
go
fishing
去钓鱼
go
hiking
去徒步旅行
go
skating
去滑冰
go
shopping
(
去
)
买东西
have
a
cold
(
患
)
感冒
have
a
cough
(
患
)
咳嗽
have
a
headache
(
患
)
头痛
have
a
try
尝
试;
努力
have
a
look
看一看
have
a
rest
休息
have
a
seat/take
a
seat
就坐;坐下
have
sports
进行体育活动
have
supper
吃晚餐
hear
of
听说
hold
a
sports
meeting
举行运动会
make
a
decision
作出决定
make
a
mistake
犯
错
误
make
a
noise
吵
闹
make
faces
做
鬼
脸
make
friends
交朋友
make
money
赚钱
take
one
’
s
place
代替某
人的职务
teach
oneself/learn
by
oneself
自学
take
photos
照相
take
time
花费
(
时
间
)
take
turns
轮流
watch
TV
看电视
学习英语可以和学习汉语一样简单,常学常用,建立英语思维。