高中英语课本必修
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月31日 19:45
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必
修
1
第
一
单
元
R
e
a
d
i
n
g
阅
读
A
N
N
E
’
S
B
E
S
T
F
R
I
E
N
D
Do
you
want
a
friend
whom
you
could
tell
everything
to
,
like
your
deepest
feelings
an
d
thoughts?
Or
are
you
afraid
that
your
friend
would
laugh
at
you,
or
would
not
understan
d
what
you
are
going
through
?
Anne
Frank
wanted
the
first
kind,
so
she
made
her
diary
her
best
friend.
安妮最好的朋友
你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解
你目前 的困境呢？安妮
?
弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，
所以她把的日记视为自己最好的 朋友。
Anne
lived
in
Amsterdam
in
the
Netherlands
during
World
War
II.
Her
family
was
Jewi
sh
so
the
had
to
hide
or
they
would
be
caught
by
the
German
Nazis.
She
and
her
family
hide
away
for
two
years
before
they
were
discovered.
During
that
time
the
only
true
frien
d
was
her
diary.
She
said,
“I
don’t
want
to
set
down
a
series
of
facts
in
a
diary
as
m
ost
people
do,
but
I
want
this
diary
itself
to
be
my
friend,
and
I
shall
call
my
friend
Kitty.”
N
ow
read
how
she
felt
after
being
in
the
hiding
place
since
July
1942.
在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以 他们不得不
躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了
25
个月 之后才被发现。在那段
时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：
“
我不愿像大多 数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把
我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。
”
现在，来看看安妮自
1942
年
7
月起躲进
藏身处后的那种 心情吧。
Thursday
15,
June,
1944
Dear
kitty,
I
wonder
if
it’s
because
I
haven’t
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I’ve
grow
n
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature.
I
can
well
remember
that
there
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds,
moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
ke
pt
me
spellbound.
That’s
changed
since
I
was
here.
…For
example,
when
it
was
so
warm,
I
stayed
awake
on
purpo
se
until
half
past
elev
en
one
evening
in
order
to
have
a
good
look
at
the
moon
for
once
by
myself.
But
as
the
moon
gave
far
too
much
light,
I
didn’t
dare
open
a
window.
Another
time
some
months
ago,
I
happened
to
be
upstairs
one
evening
when
the
window
was
open.
I
didn’t
go
down
stairs
until
the
window
had
to
be
shut.
The
dark,
rainy
evening,
the
wind,
the
thundering
clouds
held
me
entirely
in
their
power;
it
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I’d
s
een
the
night
face
to
face…
…Sadly…I
am
only
abl
e
to
look
at
nature
through
dirty
curtains
hanging
before
very
d
usty
windows.
It’s
no
pleasure
looking
through
these
any
longer
because
nature
is
one
thi
ng
that
really
must
be
experienced.
Yours,
Anne
1944
年
6
月
15
日，星期四
亲爱的基蒂：
我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出 门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂
热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的 歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从
我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。
……
比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上
11
点半都 不睡觉，为的就是能独自好
好地看看月亮。
但是因为月光太亮了，
我都不敢打开窗户。
还有一次，
就在五个月以前的一个晚上，
我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非 关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，
电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚
……
……
不幸 的是
……
我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户
看 那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。
你的安妮
Using
Language?
语言运用
Reading
and
listening??
读与听
1?
Read
the
letter
that
Lisa
wrote
to
Miss
Wang
of
Radio
for
Teenagers
and
predict
what
Miss
Wang
will
say.
After
listening,
check
and
discuss
her
advice.
Dear
Miss
Wang,
I
am
having
some
trouble
with
my
classmates
at
the
moment.
I’m
getting
along
well
with
a
boy
in
my
class.
We
often
do
homework
together
and
we
enjoy
helping
each
other.
We
have
become
really
good
friends.
But
other
students
have
started
gossiping.
They
sa
y
that
this
boy
and
I
have
fallen
in
love.
This
has
made
me
angry.
I
don’t
want
to
end
th
e
friendship,
but
I
hate
others
gossiping.
What
should
I
do?
Yours,
Lisa
1?
读读琳达为青少年写给电台王小组的这封信，然后王小姐可能会怎么说。听完录音之后，
核对并讨论她的建议。
亲爱的王小姐：
现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起
做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他
们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说
闲话 。我该怎么办呢？
你的莉萨
Reading
and
writing??
读与写
Miss
Wang
has
received
a
letter
from
Xiaodong.
He
is
also
asking
for
some
advice.
Read
the
letter
on
the
right
carefully
and
help
Miss
Wang
answer
it.
王小姐收到小冬的 一封来信。
小冬是要征求一些意见。
仔细阅读右边的信，
然后帮王小姐回复。
Dear
Miss
Wang,
I’m
a
student
from
Huzhou
Senior
High
School.
I
have
a
problem.
I’m
not
very
good
at
communicating
with
people.
Although
I
try
to
talk
to
my
classmates,
I
still
find
it
hard
t
o
make
good
friends
with
them.
So
I
feel
quite
lonely
sometimes.
I
do
want
to
change
thi
s
situation,
but
I
don’t
know
how.
I
would
be
g
rateful
if
you
could
give
me
some
advice.
Yours,
Xiaodong
亲爱的王小姐：
我是湖州高中的一名学生，我有一个难题，我 不大善于与人们交际。虽然我试着和班上的同学
交谈，但是，我还是很难跟他们成为好朋友。因此，有时 候我感到十分的孤独。我确实想改变这种
现状，但是我却不知道怎么办。如果您能给我提些建议，我会非 常感谢的。
你的小东
2?
Decide
which
are
the
best
ideas
and
put
them
into
an
order.
Then
write
down
you
r
advice
and
explain
how
it
will
help.
Each
idea
can
make
one
paragraph.
The
following
s
ample
and
the
expressions
may
help
you
Dear
Xiaodong,
I’m
sorry
you
are
having
trouble
in
making
friends.
However,
the
situation
is
easy
to
c
hange
if
you
follow
my
advice.
Here
are
some
tips
to
help
you.
First,
why
not…?
If
you
do
this,…
Secondly,
you
could
/
can
…
Then
/
That
way,
…
Thirdly,
it
would
be
a
good
idea
if
…
By
doing
this,
…
I
hope
you
will
find
these
ideas
useful.
Yours
Miss
Wang
2?
决定哪些是最 好并把它们按顺序组织起来。然后把你的建议写出来，并解释它为什么会有
所帮助。每个想法可以自成一 个段落。下面的例子和表达可能对你有所帮助。
亲爱的小冬：
很遗憾听说你在交朋友的过程中遇到了困难。但是，如果你听听我的建议，这种情 况是很容易
改变的。这些建议会对你有所帮助。
第一，为什么不
……
呢？
如果你这样做
……
第二，你可以
……
这样的话
……
第三，如果
……
那将是个不错的主意。
通过做
……
我希望你会发现这些想法对你有所帮助。
你的王小姐
LEARNING
TIP
学习建议
It’s
a
good
habit
for
you
to
keep
a
diary.
It
can
help
you
remember
past
events.
You
can
express
your
feelings
and
thoughts
in
it.
It
will
help
you
improve
your
English
if
you
write
your
diary
in
English.
Why
not
have
a
try?
写日记对你来说是一个好习惯。它可以帮你记住一些过去发生的事件。你还可以在日记中表达
你 的情感和思想。如果你用英语写日记的话，还可以帮助你提高英语水平。为什么不试一试呢？
第二单元
Reading?
阅读
THE
ROAD
TO
MODERN
ENGLISH
At
the
end
of
the
16th
century,
about
five
to
seven
million
people
spoke
English.
Nea
rly
all
of
them
lived
in
England.
Later
in
the
next
century,
people
from
England
made
voy
ages
to
conquer
other
parts
of
the
world
and
because
of
that,
English
began
to
be
spoke
n
in
many
other
countries.
Today,
more
people
speak
English
as
their
first,
second
or
fore
ign
language
than
ever
before.
通向现代英语之路
在
16
世纪末，大约有五 至七百万人讲英语。几乎所有这些讲英语的人都住在英格兰。在其后
的一个世纪中，英格兰人为征服世界 航海到了世界其他一些地方，结果世界的其他地方的人们也开
始说英语了。
今天，
把英 语作为自己的第一语言、
第二语言或外语来使用的人比以往任何时候都多。
Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don’t
speak
the
sam
e
kind
of
English.
Look
at
this
example:
British
Betty:
Would
you
like
to
see
my
flat?
American
Amy:
Yes,
I’d
like
to
come
up
to
your
apartment.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此听懂。请看看这个例子：
英国人贝蒂：来看看我的公寓吗？
美国人艾米：好的，我来看看你的公寓吧。
So
why
has
English
changed
over
time?
Actually
all
languages
change
and
develop
w
hen
cultures
meet
and
communicate
with
each
other.
At
first
the
English
spoken
in
Englan
d
between
about
AD
450
and
1150
was
very
different
from
the
English
spoken
today.
It
was
based
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
Then
gradually
betwe
en
about
AD
800
and
1150,
English
became
less
like
German
because
those
who
ruled
England
spoken
first
Danish
and
later
French.
These
new
settlers
enriched
the
English
lan
guage
and
especially
its
vocabu
lary.
So
by
the
1600’s
Shakespeare
was
able
to
make
us
e
of
a
wider
vocabulary
than
ever
before.
In
1620
some
British
settlers
moved
to
America.
Later
in
the
18th
century
some
British
people
were
taken
to
Australia
too.
English
began
to
be
spoken
in
both
countries.
那么，随着时间的推移英语为什么发生了变化呢？实际上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有
的语言都会有所发展和变化。开始，英格兰人在大约公元
450
年到
1150
年之间所说的英语与我们
今天所说的英语很不一样。当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，不像 我们现在说的英语。后来，
大约在公元
800
年至
1150
年之间， 英语慢慢变得不那么像德语，因为统治英格兰的那些人开始是
说丹麦语，后来说法语。这些新来的定居者 丰富了英语语言，尤其是丰富了英语词汇。所以到
17
世纪初的时候，莎士比亚能够得以使用比 以往任何时候都丰富的词汇。
1620
年一些英国定居者来
到了美洲，后来到了
18
世纪的时候，一些英国人还被带到了澳大利亚。英语也就开始在这两个国
家使用。
Finally
by
the
19th
century
the
language
was
settled.
At
that
time
two
big
changes
in
English
spelling
happened:
first
Samuel
Johnson
wrote
his
dictionary
and
later
Noah
Web
ster
wrote
The
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language.
The
latter
gave
a
separate
i
dentity
to
American
English
spelling.
最后到
19
世纪的时候，英语这 种语言就变得稳定了。当时，英语的拼写发生了两个很大的变
化：先是塞缪尔
?
约翰逊 编写了他的英语词典，后是诺亚
?
韦伯斯特出版了《美国英语词典》。后者
使得美式英 语的拼写有了其独特的个性。
English
now
is
also
spoken
as
a
foreign
or
second
language
in
South
Asia.
For
exam
ple,
India
has
a
very
large
number
of
fluent
English
speakers
because
Britain
ruled
India
f
rom
1765
to
1947.
During
that
time
English
became
the
language
for
government
and
edu
cation.
English
is
also
spoken
in
Singapore
and
Malaysia
and
countries
in
Africa
such
as
South
Africa.
Today
the
number
of
people
learning
English
in
China
is
increasing
rapidly.
I
n
fact,
China
may
have
the
largest
number
of
English
learners.
Will
Chinese
English
devel
op
its
own
identity?
Only
time
will
tell.
现在英语在南亚地区也被作为外语或第二语言使用。
比如，
印度就有很多人说英语说得很流利 ，
因为在
1765
年到
1947
年之间英国统治着印度。在此期间， 英语成了印度政府和教育所用的语言。
在新加坡和马来西亚以及像非洲的南非，人们现在也说英语。当今 ，在中国学英语的人数正在快速
增加，事实上，中国可能是学英语人数最多的国家。中国式英语是否也能 发展成一种具有自己独特
个性的语言？这还有待时间去证明。
Using
Language?
语言运用
STANDARD
ENGLISH
AND
DIALECTS
What
is
standard
English?
Is
it
spoken
in
Britain,
the
US,
Canada,
Australia,
India
an
d
New
Zealand?
Believe
it
or
not,
there
is
no
such
thing
as
standard
English.
Many
peopl
e
believe
the
English
spoken
on
TV
and
the
radio
is
standard
English.
This
is
because
in
the
early
days
of
radio,
those
who
reported
the
news
were
expected
to
speak
excellent
English.
However,
on
TV
and
the
radio
you
will
hear
differences
in
the
way
people
speak.
When
people
use
words
and
expressions
different
form
“standard
language”,
it
is
calle
d
a
dialect.
American
English
has
many
dialects,
especially
the
midwestern,
southern,
Afric
an
American
and
Spanish
dialects.
Even
in
some
parts
of
the
USA,
two
people
from
neig
hbouring
towns
speak
a
little
differently.
American
English
has
so
many
dialects
because
people
have
come
from
all
over
the
world.
Geography
also
plays
a
part
in
making
dialects.
Some
people
who
live
in
the
mountai
ns
of
the
eastern
USA
speak
with
an
older
kind
of
English
dialect.
When
Americans
move
d
form
one
place
to
another,
they
took
their
dialects
with
them.
So
people
from
the
mount
ains
in
the
southeastern
USA
speak
with
almost
the
same
dialect
as
people
in
the
northw
estern
USA.
The
USA
is
a
large
country
in
which
many
different
dialects
are
spoken.
Alth
o
ugh
many
Americans
move
a
lot,
they
still
recognize
and
understand
each
other’s
dialect
s.
< br>什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信
由你 ，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这
是因为在早 期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音
机里，你也会听出 人们在说话时的差异。
当人们使用不同于
“
标准语言
”
的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是
中西部地区和南部地 区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美国有些地区，两个相邻
城镇的人所说的方言也可能 稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各
地的缘故。
地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当
美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区
的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言。
虽然 许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。