情感签名-现实表现怎么写

2021年1月31日发(作者：达摩)
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英语语法基础知识
-
动词分类

我们应该从三个方面了解一下动词的分类。



第一方面：按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类。见下表。

类别

特点

意义

举例

实义动词
(vt.
及物动词跟宾语

须跟宾语一起才
I have a book..
vi.)
能表达完整的意
思

不及物动词不能
能独立作谓语

She always comes
直接接宾语

late.
系动词
(link-v)
跟表语

不能独立做谓
I am a student.
语，跟表语构成
完整意思

助动词
(aux. v.)
跟动词原形或分
不能独立做谓
He
doesn’t
speak
词（无词汇意义）

语，跟主要动词
Chinese.
构成谓语，表示
I
am
watching
TV.
疑问，否定及各
种时态

情态动词
(mod.
跟动词原形（有
不能独立做谓
We can do it by
v.)
自己的词汇意
语。表示说话人
ourselves.
思）

语气、情态，无
That would be
人称和数的变化

better.


第二方面：短语动词，短语动词是由一些动词和其它词 构成短语，
表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下。



举例

动词
+
介词

Look at, look after
动词
+
副词

Give up, put into


动词
+
副词
+
介词

Catch up with, look down upon
动词
+
名词
+
介词

Take care of, pay attention to
Be+
形容词
+
介词

Be proud of, be afraid of


复杂结构

Make up one’s mind, wind one’s
way


第三方面：按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。

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构成方式

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1
、谓语动词



形式

人称

意义


与主语在人称一致

举例

数

时态


语态

语气


I am reading now.
第一
人称

与主语在数上一致


He
writes
well.
第三人
称单数

表示动作发生的时间

He
wrote
a
letter
to
me
last month.
过去时
态

主语是动作的发生者或

者承受者

We study English.
主动

The road was filled
with rubbish.
被动

说话人表达事实、
要求、
He has flown to
愿望等

America.
事实

I wish I could fly to
the moon some day.
愿
望

2
、非谓语动词



形式

不定式

意义

用途

举例

起形容词和名词
可作主语、表语、
It takes me 20
作用

宾语、
定语、
状语

minutes to go to
school.
动名词

起名词作用

作主语和宾语

She likes
reading.
分词

现在分
起形容词、
副词作
作表语、
定语、
状
The
cup
is
broken
词

用，表主动

语、宾语补足语

过去分
起形容词、
副词作
The
steam
is
seen
词

用，表被动

rising from the
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wet clothes.
中学生英语学习常见错误
--
动词

［误］

She laid down and soon fell asleep.

［正］

She lay down and soon fell asleep.

［析］考试中常出现的是易混动词
l ay
放，
lie
躺，
lie
说谎。它们的过
去时、过去分词 和现在分词变化如下：


lay (
放
) laid
，

laid
，

laying (
及物动词
)

lie (
躺
) lay
，

lain
，

lying (
不及物动词
)

lie (
说谎
) lied
，

lied
，

lying

［误］

Please rise your hand.

［正］

Please raise your hand.

［析］

rise
是不及物动词，
其后不能接宾语，
如：
The sun rises in the
east.
而
raise
是及物动词。


［误］

I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this
afternoon.

［正］

I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this
afternoon.

［析］

like
作为

喜欢

讲时，可以接 动名词也可以接不定式，但接动
名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性
的动作。

但要注意的是
like
与
would
连用时则一定要接不定式，如：
Would
you
like to go with me?
再有一点要注意的是，

like
作为介词

像

讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。


［误］

Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?

［正］

Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

［析］

hear
的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而
listen to
的侧重点为听
的倾向，如：
listen! Do you hear someone calling help?
这样的词还
有
look
与
see
。
< br>它们的侧重点也不同，
look
重于

看

的倾向，而< br>see
重于看见没看见。


［误］

Did you watch some film recently?

［正］

Did you see some film recently?

［析］

英语中
see
与

watch
各有不同的用处，
see
用于看电影、剧
目，而
watch
用作看 电视和看球赛。


［误］

Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.

［正］

Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

［析］

hang
有两个含义，①


挂

，它的过去时与过去分词是
hung
，

hung;
②


绞刑

，
这时它是规则动词 ，
其过去式与过去分词则为
hanged
，

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hanged
。


［误］

How long can I borrow this book?

［正］

How long can I keep this book?

［析］


借

在英文中有三个词，
①

借入，
即
borrow,
如：
May I borrow
some books from the library?
②

借出，
如：
I can lend my bike to you.
③

借多久要用
keep,

因为
bo rrow
与
lend
都是截止性动词，而
keep
是延续性动词。如

How
long can I keep it?

［误］

We have won your class.

［正］

We have beaten your class.

［析］

win
是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。< br>而
beat
的宾语，应是人、队、班级等等，如：
We won the game.

［误］

I left my key.

［正］

I forgot my key.

［正］

I left my key at home.

［析］

leave
是

丢下

，其后一定要 接地点状语，而
forget
其后不要
接地点状语。


［误］

Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with
you.

［正］

Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with
you.

［析］

bring
为

带来

如：
Next time bring your little sister here.
而
take
为
带走

，
fetch
为

去某处取什么回来

，

如：
Please fetch some coffee for us
要熟记的是在初中课文中与
take
有关的词组，如：

take away
拿走

take back
收回

take down
取下
take
off
脱下

take…out
拿出

take
place
发生

take
hold
of
拿住

take part in
参加

take a seat
坐下
take one's place
替代

take a look
看看

take one's turn
轮流

take a message
捎信

take
care of
照看

take it easy
别着急
take one's time
慢慢来

take one's
temperature
测量体温


［误］

The policeman reached his gun.

［正］

The policeman reached for his gun.

［析］

reach
作

到达

讲时是及物动词，如：
I reached the hotel at
8
∶
30
但作

伸手去拿

，则要用
reach for something
。作为

到达

讲时
还有
arrive (in+
大地方
)
(at
＋较小的地方
)
和
get to.
要注意的是与
get
有关的词组有：

get back
回来

get in
收割

get into
进入

get off
下车

get on
上车

get out
出去

get up
起床

get to
到
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达

get ready for=be ready for get on well with
与人相处融洽

get
加
比较级为变得如何，例如：

get colder and colder
.

［误］

This dictionary spent me five dollars.

［正］

This dictionary cost me five dollars.

［析］

英文中的

花费

有
4
个
spend, cost, take
和

pay,
其中
spend
与
pay
所在句中的主语应为人，如：
I
spent
two
hours
in
doing
my
homework. I paid five dallars for the book.
而
cost
与
take
的主语则是事物，如：
It takes me two years to finish
this book.

［误］

In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.

［正］

In summer I always sleep with the windows open.

［正］

I always sleep with the windows closed.

［析］要注意
open
是动词也是形容词，而close
则要用其过去分词作
形容词。


［误］

Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.

［正］

Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.

［ 析］英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的
动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有
have
on,
wear
,
在用法上
have
on
不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，

如：
She has on a new school dress.
而
wear
则多用进行时来表示状
态，如：
She is wearing a new sweater
.
在表示动作的词中
put on
是
常用的一词。

dress
用作动词当

穿衣

讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，

而要接人，如：
My
children
were
very
young
they
couldn't
dress
themselves.
在表示穿
着状态时
用其过
去分
词当形容
词，如
：
He
is
dressed in white.

［误］

My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help
me?

［正］

My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help
me?

［析］

begin
与
star t
均可指

开始

，
而且常常可以互换，
如：
School
begins
(starts)
at
8
a.
m.
但是在两种情况下不宜用
begin
而要用
start,

①

当作机器开动、发动讲，如：
My
car
can't
start.
There
must
be
something wrong with it.
②

作为

旅途开始

讲，

如：
We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the
road.

［误］

I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
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［正］

I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.

［析］

find
是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是
found, found
，
而
found
又是另外一词

建立

，它是规则动词 ，其过去式与过去分词是
founded founded,

如：
The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

［误］

Please. Let's speak in English.

［正］

Please. Let's speak English.

［正］

Please. Let's talk in English.

［误］

Can you speak it English?

［正］

Can you say it in English?

［析］

英文中

说

有
4
个常用词
say, tell, speak, talk.
其中不及物动
词有
speak
和talk
，

如：
I want to talk with are talking about the new film.
而
speak
其后接语言 时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。
say
与
tell
是
及物 动词，其中
tell
常用双宾语，

如：
Tell us a story.
但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。
如：

Tell the truth.

［误］

Can you say Japanese from Chinese?

［正］

Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?

［析］

tell…from
为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。


［误］

Excuse me, did I step on your foot?

［正］

Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?

［
析］

excuse me
用于未打扰对方前，
以提醒对方注意的用语，
而
sorry
则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。


［误］

Would you care for to swim with us?

［正］

Would you care to swim with us?

［析］

care for
后接不定式时，
要省 略
for
,
或换用名词，
如：
Would you
care for a cup of tea. care for
作

照顾

讲时与
look after
相同。在初
中阶段学习与
for
有关的词组有：

ask for
请求

call for
接人，请人

care for
关心

go in for
从事

answer for
负责

look for
寻找

wait for
等待

send for
请人

pay for
付款

search for
寻找

leave for
去某地

prepare for
准备

thank somebody for something
为某事向某人道谢。


［误］

Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it.

［正］

Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.

［析］

understand
这一词没有进行时 态，
如同感观动词
love
、
hate…
I got it
是美语，即
I understood it
。要记住
get
作为

到达

讲时是不及
物动词，

如：
I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.
初中范围常用与
to
有关的动词词组
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如下：

belong to
属于

come to
苏醒

point to (at)
指着
get to
到达

refer to
谈到

stick to
坚持

lead to
导致

turn to
翻到

look forward to
期望
agree to
同意


［误］

The meat has gone badly.

［正］

The meat has gone bad.

［析］

英语中
go, get, become, turn
作为转变时，其后接形容词，
这时这些动词应被看作系动词。


［误］

The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

［正］

The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

［析］如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如
果是过去时，则宾语从句 中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随
时间而变化的客观事实

，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。


［误］

I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.

［正］

I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.

［析］

在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：
I should tell him
when he came back.

［误］

I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow
or not.

［正］

I
want
to
know
whether
you
will
come
to
my
party
tomorrow or not.

［析］在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，

如：
I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.

［误］

What did you do at eight last night?

［正］

What were you doing at eight last night?

［析 ］在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在
进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till
noon last Sunday

［误］

My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go
with them, because I have seen it before.

［正］

My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go
with them because I had seen it before.

［析］现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动 作均开始于过去的某
一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在
完 成时；

如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。

例如：
I've learnt English for three years.(
到现在为止
)
又如：
Before I
went to college, I had learnt English for three years.

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(
动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去
)

［误］

I'm feeling well now.

［正］

I feel well now.

［析］瞬间动词有些无进行时态，
它们是：
表示思维状态的词：
believe,
feel,
forget,
imagine,
know,
mean,
need,
prefer
,
remember
,
understand, want

表示感情的动词：
care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear
表示状态
的词：
belong, own
感观动词：

feel, hear
, see
，

smell, taste

［误］

When have you done this work?

［正］

When did you do this work?

［析］

when
提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。


［误］

This is our new English teacher
. He has gone to many
foreign countries.

［正］

This is our new English teacher
. He has been to many
foreign countries.

［析］

have gone to
是到某地去了，
此人现在不在这里。
have been
to
是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。


［误］

I have borrowed this book for two weeks.

［正］

I have kept this book for two weeks.

［析］截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和 与表达一段时间的时间状语连
用。如：
When I got to the cinema the film had begun.
但要讲


When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes
这
样的用法还有
buy, join, die,
如：
I bought this book yesterday.

我昨天买的这本书。

I have had this book for two days.
这本书我
已买了两天了。


I joined the club two years ago.
两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。


I have been in this club for two years.
我加入这个俱乐部已两年
了。


My father died five years ago.
我父亲是
5
年前去世的。


My father has been dead for five years.
我父亲已去世
5
年了。


［误］

Have you understood the lessons?

［正］

Do you understand the lessons?

［析］

有些动词不易用完成时态，
它们是
understand, think, believe,
know (
知道
)

［误］

It was said that the Second World War had broken out in
1939.

［误］

It was said that the Second World War was broken out
in 1939.

[
正
] It was said that the Second World War broke out in 1939.
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［析］在讲述过去的历史事件时，总要用过去时而不要用完成时，而且
happen, break out, take place
作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。


［误］

When I walked along the street. I happened to meet an
old friend.

［正］

When I was walking along the street I happened to meet
an old friend.

［析］在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中，某一突然事件发生，这时长
动作应用进行时
(
现在进行时或过去进行时
)
，而突发性动作用一般时
(
一般
现在时或一般过去时
)
，

如：
When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.

［误］

Please buy a book to me.

［正］

Please buy me a book.

［正］

Please buy a book for me.

［析］在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间
接宾语，
如：< br>Buy me a book
中
me
是间接宾语，
而
a book
是直接宾语。

如果将直接宾语前置，其后应加
for
，其它加
to
如：

Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a
book to me.

［误］

He was seen come into the book store.

［正］

He was seen to come into the book store.

［析］

在主动语态中，
有时可以加不带< br>to
的不定式作宾语，
如：
I saw
him come into the book store.
但如果变为被动语态时，则要将省略的
to
还原。

当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，


如：

I saw him coming into the book store,
如变为被动语态时，
则没有变化。如：
He was seen coming into the book store
轻松记住英语不规则动词

英语动词按其 过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动
词。
规则动词的过去式和过去分词由词 尾加
ed
构成，
而不规则动词的变
化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和 过去分词做一分析，就可发
现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将初中英语教学大纲中的
69
个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。同学们
还可将第二、三类分 为若干组，以便准确记忆。

一、
AAA
型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

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let let let

put put put

read read read


二、
ABB
型（过去式与过去分词同形）：

bring brought brought
build built built

buy bought bought
catch caught caught

dig dug dug
feel felt felt

find found found
get got got

have had had
hear heard heard

hold held held
keep kept kept


※learn learnt learnt

leave left left

lend lent lent
make made made

meet met met
pay paid paid

say said said
sell sold sold

send sent sent
shine shone shone

sit sat sat
sleep slept slept

※smell smelt smelt

spend spent spent

stand stood stood
teach taught taught

tell told told
think thought thought

understand understood
understood
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三、
ABC
型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：

be was/were been
begin began begun

blow blew blown
break broke broken
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
know knew known
lie lay lain
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
see saw seen
show showed shown
sing sang sung
speak spoke spoken
swim swam swum
take took taken
throw threw thrown
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
write wrote written
四、
ABA
型（原形与过去分词同形）：

become became become
come came come
五、
AAB
型（原形与过去式同形）：

beat beat beaten
（注：带※号的词也可视为规则动词。）

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易混难辨英语动词集中练习

I.
难辨动词选择
40
例：

___ me to give up smoking.
A. hopes
B. suggests
C.
advises
D. makes
___ him working all day long.
A. had
B. made
C.
forced
D. obliged
is too young to ___ right from wrong.
A. speak
B.
talk
C. say
D. tell
last he ___ worker.
A. became
B. turned
C.
changed
D. grew
peasants are ___ good seeds for the coming spring.

A. picking out
B. choosing
C. selecting
D. choosing from
did you ___ yesterday?
A. arrive
B. reach
C.
get
D. get to
long will it ___ you do the job?
A. cost
B. spend
C.
last
D. take
's too cold to ___ the engine.
A. begin
B. start
C.
ride
D. drive
you take part in the meeting to be __ next week?
A. held
B. taken place
C. had
D. happened
___ the new world?
A. invented
B. made
C.
discovered
D. uncovered
I help you? Yes, you ____.
A. need
B. may
C.
must
D. should
People's Republic of China was ___ in 1949.
A.
found
B. founded
C. built up
D. put up
is ___ as our best friend. A. thought
B. looked
C.
considered
D. regarded
did you ___ his letter?
A. hear from
B. receive
C.
accept
D. hear
15.A new look has ___ in China in the last few years.

A. broken out
B. taken place
C. happened
D. taken on
is
___ her best clothes today.
A. wearing
B.
dressing
C. putting on
D. having on
you ___ me a few minutes?
A. share
B. spare
C.
save
D. spend
___ from his seat.
A. rose
B. stood
c. got
D. raised
___ more people than buses.
A. take
B. carry
C.
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fetch
D. bring
noises can ____ people mad.
A. drive
B. turn
C.
cause
D. have
21.___ while the iron is hot.
A. Strike
B. Hit
C. Beat
D.
Knock
22.I found a wallet ___ on the ground.
A. laying
B. lying
C.
lay
D. lie
23.I haven't ___ his letter yet.
A. written
B. answered
C.
replied
D. returned

___ the different parts into one.
A. united
B.
connected
C. joined
D. linked
got ___ in the battle.
A. hurt
B. harmed
C.
injured
D. wounded
you __ me the favour to put on the coat?
A. do
B.
make
C. give
D. have
____ it be?
It must be Mary.
A. must
B. can
C.
should
D. may
____ his way put when the film was over.
A. did
B.
found
C. made
D. took
you ___ the concert yesterday?
A. attend
B. join
on
C. join
D. have
is well ____ to all that China is a large country.
A.
said
B. told
C. known
D. reported
___ the apple into three parts.
A. separated
B.
split
C. parted
D. divided
____ a large population.
A. covers
B. takes
C.
has
D. makes
were ___ busy working all day long.
A. made
B.
kept
C. had
D. let
34.I have been searching for my ___ key.
A. missed
B.
lost
C. gone
D. disappeared
I ___ I were a happy bird.
A. hope
B. wish
C.
want
D. expect
36.___ your child here next time.
A. Take
B. Fetch
C.
Get
D. Bring
boy ____ an apology for being late.
A. made
B.
asked
C. expressed
D. had
you like to ____ and have a cup of tea?
A. call on
B.
visit
C. drop in
D. see
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情感签名-现实表现怎么写

情感签名-现实表现怎么写

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