动词不定式的时态和语态
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2021年01月31日 23:14
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动词不定式的时态和语态
一般式
to do to be done
完成式
to have done to have been done
进行式
to be doing
完成进行式
to have been doing
1.
如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语动词所表示的动作 同时
(
或几乎同时
)
发生或发
生在主要谓语之后,通常用不定式的一 般形式。如:
I saw him go out.
I„m glad to see you.
2.
如果不定式所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词或特定的时间之前,不定式就要用完
成式。如:< br>
I intended to have telephoned you
,
but I forgot to.
I should like to have bought a dictionary.
3.
不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在发
生。如:
I am glad to be talking with you. She pretended to be listening attentively.
4.
不定式完成进行时表示的是一个开始于 过去某一时刻但一直延续到谓语动词发生的
那一时刻的动作。如:
He was thought to have been working on the project for two years.
5.
不定式的被动语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的 承受者时,这个不定式要用被动式,包括它的各种时态
在内。如:
She doesn„t like to be treated as a guest.
她不喜欢被当作客人对待。
They want their TV set to be fixed right now.
他们想把电视机马上修好。
There are a lot of things to be done.
有许多事要做。
This is the text to be read next time.
下次就读这篇课文。
注意:有些习惯用法中,只能用主动语态。如:
1
The house is to let.
这房子要出租。
A lot of work still remains to do.
许多工作有待去做。
不带
to
的不定式
1.
表示感觉的动词
see
,
hear
,
feel
,
notice
,
watch
,
observe
和
have
,
let
,
make
后的宾语可接不带
to
的不定式。
He noticed the man enter the room.
他注意到有人进屋了。
They observed her do the experiment.
他们观察她做实验了。
后的不定式可以带
to
也可以不带
to.
Can you help me (to) clean up after the meal?
饭后你能帮我洗碗吗
?
3.
有些类似于情态动词的词语
(
如
rather than
,
had better
,
would rather
,
might as well
等
)
之后,不定式不带
to.
如:
We might as well go without him.
我们可以不让他跟去。
You„d better go now.
你最好现在走。
动词不定式概述
动词不定式指由
to
加上动词原形所构成的一种非 限定性动词,
但在有些情况下
to
可省略。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,如:
To ignore this dangerous signal would be a terrible mistake. (
作主语
)
He promised not to tell anyone else about it. (
作宾语
)
To treat comrades like enemies is to go over to the side of the enemy.(
作表语
)
The manager announced his intention to retire.(
作定语
)
The old man walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.(
作状语
)
不定式中的动词仍然具有动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语和状语,另外虽然动词不定
式在语法上 没有表面上的主语,但它所表达的意义是动作,这一动作的执行者就是该动词
的逻辑主语,动词不定
2