不定式的几种形式和练习
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不定式的几种形式
2008.10.20 [
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不定式的几种形式
姜联章
一、不定式的一般式
不定式的一般 式,
即
“to
+动词原形
”
,
表示的动作通常与谓语动词同 时或几乎同时发生,
或
之后发生。不定式一般式与句子主语、宾语或
for do sth
.结构中的介词宾语有逻辑上的主
谓关系。如:
I am glad to see you
.(
to see
与
am glad
同时发生,其逻辑主语是
I
)
语是宾语
me
)
No one could tell me where to get the book
.
(
to get
在
could tell
之后发生,其逻辑主
【
NMET 95
】
We agreed ____________ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet
.
A
.
having met
B
.
meeting
C
.
to meet
D
.
to have met
生的动作。
meet
不会发生在
agree
之前,所以不用完成式。
二、不定式的完成式
析:答案
C
。
agree to do sth
.意为
“
同意做某事
”
,不定式用一般式,表示在
agree
之后发
1
不定式的完成式,即
“to have
+过去分词
”
,表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,它的逻辑
主语也是句子的主语或宾语。如:
前,其逻辑主语是
he
)
He is said to have written a new book about workers
.(
to have written
发生在
is said
之
I am sorry to have given you so much trouble
.
(
to have given
发生在
am sorry
之前,其逻辑主语是
I
)
【
MET 93
】
harles Babbage is generally considered ____________ the first computer
.
A
.
to have invented
B
.
inventing
C
.
to invent
D
.
having invented
发生在谓语动作
is considered
之前。
【
NMET 99
】
析:
答案
A
。
consider
作< br>“
认为
”
解,
后接不定式。
此题选不定式完成式,
表 示
to have invented
Robert is said ____________ abroad
,
but I don't know what country he studied in
.
A
.
to have studied
B
.
to study
C
.
to be studying
D
.
to have been studying
作
is said
之前。
析:答案
A
。从后一句
“
我不知道他曾在哪国学习
”
知道不定式要表示的动作发生在谓语动
2
英语中一些表示希望、
愿望的词,
如
would l ove
,
meant
,
hoped
,
expected,
planned
,
wished
,
wanted< br>等词常与不定式的完成式连用,表示过去曾希望过,但未曾实现。它们之所以
未能实现,常可通过 后面
but
连接的句子看出来。如:
I hoped to have seen you yesterday
,
but I didn't have time
.(昨天我本来想去看你,但
没有空。)
【
NMET 97
】
report
.
I would love ____________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a
A
.
to go
B
.
to have gone
C
.
going
D
.
having gone
参加聚会
”
,但因为
“
加班写报告
”< br>而没有去成。
析:答案
B
。
would love
后接不定式。用不定式完成式表示过去未发生的动作,即
“
本想去
3
“
情态动词+不定式完成式
”
结构可以表示 对已发生的事情进行推测,
或者表示对已发生
的事情的
“
责备
”、
“
批评
”
,或做了不该做的事情。如:
之前她
“
已回家
”
。)
It's six o'clock
.
She must have gone home
.(六点钟了,她准回家了。
———
推测在这
They shouldn't have left so soon
.(他们不该走得这么早。
———
责备他们走早了。)
You needn't have told them that
.(你没必要告诉他们。
———
责备你不该告诉他们。)
【
1999
上海】
There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party
.
You com e
,
but why didn't you
?
A. must have
B
.
should
C
.
need have
D
.
ought to have
来,为什么没来?【
NMET 2001
】
析:答案
D
。
“ought to
/
should
+不定式完成式
”
表示本该做的事而没有做:昨晚你应该
B
.
shouldn't have left
D
.
needn't leave
I was really anxious about you
.
You ____________ home without a word
.
A
.
mustn't leave
C
.
couldn't have left
析:答案
B
。
“ought not to
/
shouldn't
+不定式完成式
”
表示做了本不该做的事。
“
你不应
该不辞而别
”
,含有婉转的批评口气。【
NMET 95
】
—
There were already five people in the car
,
but they managed to take me as well
.
—
It ____________ a comfortable journey
.
A
.
can't be
B
.
shouldn't be
C
.
mustn't have been
D
.
couldn't have been
上已有五人,但他们还是设法带了我
”
可以推测:这次旅游不可能舒适。
三、不定式的进行式
析:
答案
D
。
“can't
/
couldn't
+不定式完成式
”
表示对过去事情的否定推测。
根据上文
“
车
不定式进行式(
to be
+现在分词)表示正在进行的动作,与谓语动作同时发生。如:
They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire
.(
to be eating
与
seemed
同时发生)
We pretended to be working very hard when he came in
.(
to be working
与
pretended
同时发生)
四、不定式的被动式