动词不定式用法及练习
玛丽莲梦兔
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2021年01月31日 23:30
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动词不定式用法及练习
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，
它没有人称和数的变化，
在句子中不能作谓语，
但可
以作除谓语之外的其它任 何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动
词不定式具有名词、
形容词和 副词的特征，
同时还保持动词的某些特点，
既可以有自己的宾
语和状语，动词不定式和 它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
一、
构成：
to do .
否定式
not to do
二、
常见时态：一般时
to do
进行时
to be doing
完成式
to have done
完成进行式
to have been doing
三、动词不定式在句子中的成分
1
、作句子的主语：
现实中常用
it
作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。
比较下列句子
To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .
To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.
句型总结
It is + adj. + of sb. to do
„
=
sb. isare +adj. +to do
„
在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形
容词（如
kind
、
good
、
nice
、
wrong
、
clever
、
right
等）
作表语时，
不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，
说明 不定式指的是谁的情况。
（可以理解为某
人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）
It is very kind of you to help me. It
’
s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do
„≠
sb. isare +adj. +to do
„
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个
for
引起的短语，即不定式的
逻辑主语。
It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English.
动词不定式作主语
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(
甘肃省
)
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(
江西省
)
3.
建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(
北京市海淀
区
)
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for
，
of B. of
，
for C. to
，
for D. of
，
to
2
、作句子的表语：不定式放在
be
动词后面，用作表语如：
Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom.
The best way is to talk to your parents.
His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.
My purpose is to help you solve this problem.
3
、 作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）
很多，常见的有
want,
like,
hate,
wish,
hope,
prefer,
try,
ask,
start,
begin,
decide,
learn,
choose,
agree,
expect,
remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage,
pretend,
I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay.
They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player.
I hope to speak English well.
有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
forget to do sth.
忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.
忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do sth.
停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.
停止做某事
go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做原来在做的事
need to do sth.
需要做某事
need doing sth.
需要被做
Don
’
t forge to turn off the lights before leaving.
This bike needs repairing/mending.
注意
1
：
动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，
则要把不定式放在后面，
用
it
作形 式主
语，
构成“主语
+
动词
+it+
宾补（形容 词、名词）
+
不定式”结构
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I found it important to learn English.
I fond it difficult to learn physics.
注意
2< br>：常用带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有
want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow,
invite, teach, encourage, beg,
等。构成“
vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.
”结构。
The teacher told us to read the text.
He asked me not to tell you the news. His parents didn
’
t allow him to play.
I expect you to give me some help.
Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.
注意
3
：
不定式作宾补省去
to
的情况
(
在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉
)
常用省去
to
的动词不
定式作补足语的动词有：“一感（
feel
）、二听（
hear, listen to
）、三让（
make, let, have
）、
五看（
look at, see, watch, notice, observe
）”
help
可带
to
，也可不带
to help sb (to) do sth
I made him to do his work. . ----------------------------make sth.
Please listen to me to sing this song again. -------------------listen to sth.
I felt someone to open my door. --------------------------------fell sth.
The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day. -------------make sth.
You must watch me to do everything--------------------------watch sth.
Internet bars mustn
’
t let anybody watch bad things, especially children. -------let sth.
He often helps (to) clean the room.
Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.
被动语
to
要加上
He was made to do his work (by me) He was heard to speak in the next room.
John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment.
专项练习：
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (
山西省
)
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (
福建省
)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (
湖南省
)
不带
to
的动词不定式
1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (
河南省
)
2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.