初中不定式todo的用法
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2021年01月31日 23:33
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浪漫语句-分别的近义词
初中不定式
todo
的用法
1.
不定式的用法
------1.1
不定式作主语
不定式作主语, 往往用
it
作
形式主语,
真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如:
It
's so nice
to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It
's necessary for you
to lock the car when you do not use it.
不
用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It
's very kind of you
to help us.
他帮助我们,他真好。
It
seemed selfish of him
not to give them anything.
他不给他们
任何东西,这显得太自私了。
但是,用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时,不能用
It
is
…
to
…的句型。另外,
这样的句子,不能用动名词作表语。例如:
(对)
To teach
is
to learn
.
(错)
It
is
to learn to teach.
(错)
To teach
is
learning.
(错)
Teaching
is
to learn.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable
to ___.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be seat
D. be sat on
答案:
B.
如果不定式为不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。当动词与
介词 连用时,常位于
形容词
+
动词不定式
结构的末尾。
1.1.1
不定式做主语
It's for sb/It's of sb to do sth
这样的句子中,
由于表语形容词性质的不同,
导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用
for
或
of
的区别。
1
)
for
sb.
句型中的形 容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,
表示客观形式的形容词,
如
easy,
hard, difficult, interesting, impossible
等:例如:
It's very hard
for him
to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2
)
of sb
句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品 德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容
词,如
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right
。例如:
It's very nice
of you
to help me.
你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
1.2
不定式作宾语
< br>有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为
动词
+
不定式
。例如:
afford
bother
elect
aim
care
endeavor
agree
choose
hope
manage
arrange
demand
fail
offer
ask
desire
help
plan
hate
decide
determine
learn
pretend
intend
long
渴望
mean
refuse
例如:
tend
undertake
expect
The driver
failed
to see
the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆
车。
He
offered
to help
me.
他表示愿意帮助我。
2
)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾 语,还用不定式作补语,即有
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
的结构。例如:
ask
like/love
例如:
I
like
to keep
everything tidy.
我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I
like
you to keep
everything tidy.
我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。
I
want
to speak
to
Tom.
我想和汤姆谈话。
I
want
you to speak to
Tom.
我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3
)
有些 动词或动词词组可以用
动词
+
疑问词
+
不定式
的结构作宾语 。例如:
choose
need
expect
prefer
help
prepare
beg
want
intend
wish
decide
show,
例如:
know
wonder
consider
find out
forget
tell
learn
inquire
remember
explain
Please
show
us
how to do
that.
请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape- recorders on sale that
I
don't
know
which
to buy.
有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
1.3
不定式作表语
不定式可放在
be
动词后面,形成表语。例如:
My work
is
to clean
the room every day.
我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream
is
to be a doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名医生。
1.4
不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。例如:
I have a lot of work
to do
.
我有许多事要做。
There was nothing
to bring home
that morning.
那天早上(他回家时)两手空
空。
1.5
不定式作状语
1
)目的状语
常用结构为
to do , only to do
(仅仅为了)
,
in order to do,
so as to do,
so
(
such
)…
as to
…(如此…以便…)。例如:
He ran
so
fast
as to
catch the first bus.
他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班
车。
I come here only
to
say good-bye
to
you.
我来仅仅是向你告别。
2
)作结果状语,可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果,不定式要放在句子后面。
I awoke
to
find my truck gone.
我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only
to
find nothing.
他搜索了房间,没发现什么。
3
)表原因
I'm glad
to
see you.
见到你很高兴。
She wept
to
see the sight.
她一看到这情形就哭了。
4
)表示理由和条件
He must be a fool
to
say so.
You will do well
to
speak more carefully.
1.6
不定式作补语
1
)
有些有
动词
+宾语
+
不定式
的结构。例如:
动词
He reminded
宾语
me
不定式
to buy some eggs.
THAT-
从句
that I had to buy some eggs.
He reminded
me
advise
allow
cause
challenge
command
force
compel
impel
permit
warn
urge
drive
驱使
enable
induce
make
encourage
forbid
instruct
invite
let
have
send
like/love
order
want
tell
get
train
persuade
request
例如;
Father will not
allow
us to play
on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩
耍。
The officer
ordered
his men
to fire.
长官命令士兵开火。
注意:有些动词如
make
,
have
,
get
,want
等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作