初中动词不定式用法及练习
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2021年01月31日 23:37
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动词不定式用法及练习
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中 不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其
它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）
；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，
同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾 语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
构成：
to do .
否定式
not to do
常见时态：一般时
to do
进行时
to be doing
完成式
to have done
完成进行式
to have been doing
三、动词不定式在句子中的成分
1
、作句子的主语：现实中常用
it
作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式 （或短语）后置。
比较下列句子
To
learn
from
your
friends
is
important.=It
is
important
to
learn
from
your
friends .
To
leave
without
saying
goodbye
is
impolite.=
It
is
impolite
to
leave
without
saying
goodbye.
To
chat
with
Miss
White
is
a
pleasant
thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to
walk to school.
句型总结
It is + adj. + of sb. to do…=
sb. is
are +adj. +to do…
在以某些表示人的品质、
特征等的形容词
（如
k ind
、
good
、
nice
、
wrong
、clever
、
right
等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明 不定式指的是谁的情况。
（可以理解
为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）
It is very kind of you to help me.
It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is
are +adj. +to do…
如果要 说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个
for
引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语 。
It is necessary for us to study hard.
It is easy for him to speak English.
2
、作句子的表语：不定式放在
be
动词后面，用作表语如：
Her dream is to be a policeman.
My job is to help the patient.
Your task is to clean the classroom.
My dream is to own a robot.
The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise.
The best way is to talk to your parents.
His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.
My purpose is to help you solve this problem.
3
、作 句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有
wa nt,
like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide,
would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,
I want to go home.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
They began to read and write.
She forgot to close the door.
He wanted to borrow my CD player.
I hope to speak English well.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
I hope to hear from you soon.
John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show.
They are trying to solve the problem by himself.
Millions of people have learned to use computers.
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有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：
forget to do sth.
忘记要做某事
forget doing sth.
忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do sth.
停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.
停止做某事
go on to do sth.
继续做另一件事
go on doing sth.
继续做原来在做的事
need to do sth.
需要做某事
need doing sth.
需要被做
Don’t forge to turn off the lights before leaving.
Father must stop smoking.
This bike needs repairing/mending.
注意
1
：
动词 不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，
则要把不定式放在后面，
用
it
作形式主 语，
构成
“
主语
+
动词
+it+
宾补（形容词、名 词）
+
不定式
”
结构
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
I found it important to learn English.
I fond it difficult to learn physics.
注意
2
：常用带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有
want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage,
beg,
等。构成
“vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”
结构。
The teacher told us to read the text.
He asked me not to tell you the news.
His parents didn’t allow him to play.
I expect you to give me some help.
asks ue to hand in our homework on time.
The docter advised Mr. Green to drink more water.
Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class.
Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.
注意
3
：不定式作宾补省去
to
的情况
(
在被动语态中则
to
不能省掉
)
常用省去
to
的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：
“
一感（
fee l
）
、二听（
hear, listen to
）
、三让（
make, let, have
）
、五看
（
look at, see, watch, notice, observe
）
”help
可带
to
，也可不带
to help sb (to) do sth
I made him to do his work. . ----------------------------make sth.
Please listen to me to sing this song again. -------------------listen to sth.
I felt someone to open my door. --------------------------------fell sth.
The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day. -------------make sth.
You must watch me to do everything--------------------------watch sth.
Internet bars mustn’t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.
-------let sth.
He often helps (to) clean the room.
Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.
被动语
to
要加上
He was made to do his work (by me)
They are made to work for 12 hours a day.
He was heard to speak in the next room.
John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment.
The patient was warned not to eat food after the operation.
Internet bars mustn’t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.
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4、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词< br>,
则
不定式中要有介词
.
I want to get something to read during the holiday.
We have a lot work to do .
She is the first person to think of the idea.
I have something interesting to tell you.
He is looking for a room to live in . -------------------------------------- live
是不及物动词
There is nothing for us to worry about.---------------------------------- worry
是不及物动词
Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave.
There is no need to trouble him.
没有必要去烦他
Have you got anything important to tell me?
重要的事情去告诉我
I’ve got nothing to worry about.
没有什么去担心
I’m thirsty. Give me something
to drink.
给我些东西去喝
Spring is the best season to plant trees.
春季是最好的季节去种树
We all have a chance to go to college.
我们都有机会去上大学
5
、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。
come to do sth.
go to do sth.
stop to do sth.
in order (not) to do
too + adj. + to do sth.
. + enough to do sth
so as to ,
enough to ,
only to ,
She came here to borrow an English book.
（目的）
Let’s stop to have a rest.
She is too young to go to school.
（结果）
He runs fast enough to catch a horse.
I’m sorry to make you wait here so long.
（原因）
We are surprised to see such beautiful animals.
In order to improve his English, Tom goes to the English corner every day.
I was too tired to fall sleep.
She ran fast to catch the first bus.
He is rich enough to buy a car.
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
目的
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.(
目的
)
I’m too tired to do well.
结果
He is old enough to go to school .
结果
六、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词
what, which, who
或疑问副词
how, when, where, why
等。
这种结 构起名词的作用，
在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，
why后面的不定式不带
to
。
例如：
I don’t know what to try next.
（作宾语）
Where to go is not decided yet.
（作主语）
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注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)
Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
在与
why
连用时，只用于
why
或
why not
开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带
to
。
Why not have a rest?
How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)
I really don’t know what to write about.(=what I should write about)
The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we should put the machine)
I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well)
He didn’t know what to say.
How to solve the problem is very important.
My question is when to start.
Please show us how to use the computer.
I don’t know what to buy for you.
Exercise
一、填空
1.
——
你父亲愿意去购物吗？
——
不，他宁可在家听音乐。
——
Does your father want to go shopping?
——
No.
he
home.
2.
他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。
They found
3.
奥黛丽
.
赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。
Audrey Hepburn
4.
叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。
Tell
5,He
也不愿去看电影
)
6,Father
7 , If someone laughs at you, you should
答案
1,prefers to would rather listen to music
2, it (was) necessary to help
3, devoted most of her time to
4, children not to look down on
5
，
prefers staying at home to going to the cinema
6
，
is used to reading newspapers ,
7
，
pay no attention to him
二，选择
My teacher was made _____ his teaching
because of poor health.
giving up
B. to give up
C. give up
D. given up
at
the disabled.
the film industry.
the poor.
.
(
宁愿呆在家里
(
习惯于看报
)after supper.
.(
不理睬
)
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94