动词不定式专项练习【含答案】
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2021年01月31日 23:46
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动词不定式
1.
动词不定式的构成
形式
构成
例子
动词
肯定式
to(
不定式符号
)+
动词原形
to speak
不
否定式
not+to+
动词原形
not to speak
定式
疑问式
疑问词
+to+
动词原形
how to speak
不
to+
动词原形
+
宾语
to speak English
定
to+
动词原形
+
状语
to speak loudly
式
to+
动词原形
+
宾语
+
状语
to speak English loudly
短语
to+be+
表语
to be a teacher
2.
动词不定式的功能
功能
结构特点
例句
主
a.
常用
it
做形式主语，动词不定式做
It’s
useful
for
us
to
learn
English well
真正的主语，放在句子后面。基本结构是
学好英语对我们来说是很
有用的。
语
It is/was +adj.(for/of sb.)+to do sth
b.
常用
It takes sb sometime to do sth.
结构
It took me ten minutes
to get there.
宾
a.
用在及物动词之后
I
want
to
buy
a
computer.
b.
常用
it
做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的
I
think
it
important
to
learn English well.
宾语，
放在句子的后面。
基本结构
我认为学好英语很重要。
语
是：主语
+
谓语动词
+it+adj.+to do sth
表语
a.
用在连系动词之后
my
job
is
to
feed
animals.
定
a.
动词不定式做定语时应后置，表示将要发生
I want to the first one to
get to the top of the
语
的动作。被修饰语是不定式的逻辑主语或宾语。
mountain.
我想成为
第一个到达山顶的人。
宾语
a.
用在宾语之前，
否定形式一般是在
The teacher told you not
to talk in class.
补足语
不定式前加
not
状语
a.
表示目的
I usually go to see my grandparents.
b.
表示原因
I’m glad to see you here.
c.
表示结果
the
shoes
are
too
small
for
me
to
wear.
d.
表示程度
tom is old enough to go to school.
说明：
为避免重复使用动词，常用
to
代替不定式短语。
--would you like to go swimming?
--
yes, I’d love to .
用法诀窍：
to
加动原是不定，非谓不做谓语用。有时 有态无人称，功能如同名副形。可做
宾状主表定，疑问副代可连用。宾补有
to
无to
分两种，
to
前加
not
是否定。
用动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）和跟双宾语的动词
1.
用动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）
动
词
（
短
语
）
短
语
形
式
例
句
说明
Ask,decide,hope,want,agree
+to do
I agree to teach them English
这些动
词只能接动词
choose,wish,would
like
不定
式作宾语
hate,like,love,prefer,begin,stare
+to
do
sth/doing
sth
I
like
singing,
but
now
I
don’t
like
to
sing.
差别意义不大
try
，
forget,remember,stop,go
on
+to
do
sth/doing
sth
please
remember
to
lock
the
door
意义差别很大。
Help
+
to
do
sth
/do
sth
kate
usually
helps
to
do
some
housework at home to
可省略
Need
+to do sth/doing sth
you need to go home quickly,
加动词
不定式表示助动意义。
Your shoes need mending.
加
ing
表示
被动意义。
Ask,choose,decide,forget,
9
+
疑问词
+to
do
sth
I
don’t
know
how
to
answer
this
question.
疑
问
词
why
没
有
know ,learn,aee,show,teach
,tell,understand,find
out
次用法，不定式的逻辑主语常是句子的主语。
2.
跟双宾语的动词。
概述：有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语，前者 指物，表示动作的承受着
或结果，后者常指人，表示动作的执行者或者对象。
结构：
a.
动词
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语
+sb+sth
please pass me the book
b.
动词
+
直接宾语
+
介词（
to/for
）
+
间接宾语
+sth to/for+sb
please pass the cheese to
me
说明
1.
当直接宾语为人称代词时，用结构
b
please pass it to me
2.
当直接宾语比间接宾语短时，常用结构
b
lei feng always gave his seat to an old person
or a person with a baby.
3.
当强调间接宾语时，多用结构
b
。
dad bought the book doe me, not for you
4.
在
give,pass,show,,return,,take,bring
等动词后，常用
to
表示给，强调
动作的对象。
I’m sorr
，
I’ve lent the book to kate
5.
在
buy,get,make,choose,cook,do fingd,s ing
等动词之后常用
for
表示“为，替”强调动作
的目的。
Please get two kilos of eggs for me.
一、
作主语，
可以用
it
代替，
it
叫形式主语，
动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语
2. It’s dangerous
to drive very fast.
1
．
To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
二、作表语
My idea is to ring him up at once.
我的想法是马上给他打电话。
如果主语部分含实义动词
do
，且作表语的动词又是
“do”
的内容，
这时表语不定式的
“to”
可以
省略。如：
All I did was
wait here.
我能做的就是在这里等。
三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree(
同意
),
hope(
希望
),
decide(
决定
),
need(
需要
),
mean(
打算
), wish(
希望
), fail(
失败
), want(
想要
), begin(
开始
), would like(
想要
)
等。
He has decided
to go to the countryside.
他已决心去乡下。
四、
“
疑问词
+
动词不定式
”
结构可 以作动词
know
、
think
、
find out
等的宾语。
I don’t know who
to
ask.
我真不知道
该
问谁。五、
“
疑问词
+
动词不定式
”
可以作动词
show
、
teach
、
ask
等后面的直接宾 语。
She told me where to find the earphone.
她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。
六、如果宾语太长，可用
it
作形式宾语，构成
“
主语
+
谓语
+
it
+
宾语不足语
(
名词或形容
词
) + to do sth”
结构，谓语动词常为
find
、
think
、
feel
等。
I found it difficult to stop him.
我发
现拦截他很困难。
七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
秋收即将开始。
I’m worrying about what to do next.
我正愁
下一步该怎么办。
八、
作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
I have a lot of books to read.
我有许多书
要读。
此时，
如果动词
定式动词为不及物动词，
后面的介词绝对不能省略。
We had only a cold
room to live in.
我们只有寒室一间。
九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到，最后一个走。
十、
作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。
We have no time to go to town today.
今天我们没有时间去城里。十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。
I’m glad to meet you.
见到你，
我很高兴。
They ran over to welcome the foreign guests.
他
们跑过来欢迎外宾。
十二、不定式复合结构
“for sb to do sth”
可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。
It’s for her to decide.
这得由她来决定。
（表语）
There are many books for you to read.
这有许
多书供你阅读。
（定语）
The book ids too difficult for children to read.
这本书太难了，孩子们
看
动词
不定式
afford
aim
appear
agree
arrange
ask
be
decide
bother
care
choose
come
dare
demand
desire
determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer
ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
2.
不带
to
的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带
to
的动词不定式：
（
1
）
在固定词组
had better
之后。
注意：
had better
的否定形式是
had better not do sth.
。
如：
You had better go home now.
你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go o
ut.
外面很
冷，你最好不要出去。
（
2
）在
let, make, see, feel, watch, h ear
等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带
to
的动词不定式作
宾语补足语。如：
I made them give me the money back.
我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in.
我没看
见你进来。
（
3
）
在引导疑问句的
why not
之后。
Why not+
不带
to
的不定式是
Why don’t you do
的省略，
可以用来提出建议或劝告。如：
Why not study with us
？为什么不和我们一起学呢？
Why not
take a holiday?=Why don’t you take a holiday
？为什么不休个假呢
?
（
4
）不定式动词在介词
but, except, besides
后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词
do
的各种形
式，则后接不带
to
的不定式，否则带
to
。如：
I have no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接
受这个事实我别无选择。
What do you like to do besides swim?
（
5
）为了避免重复， 不定式可
省去
to
。如：
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。
二、
不定式的时态
不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时四种，常用的为前三种。
1.
一般时动词不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生< br>或在之后发生。如：
I plan to attend the meeting.
我计划参加这次会议。
2.
完成时不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
很抱歉让你久等了。
3.
进行时
不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：
They are said to
be working hard.
据说他们工作得很努力。
4.
完成进行时不定式的完成进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直< br>进行着。如：
He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.
据说他已在那家工厂工作
12
年了。
三、
动词不定式在句中的作用
1
．
作主语
To live is to work.
生活就是工作。
To save time is to lengthen life.
节约时间就等于
延长了人的生命。
不定式 结构作主语时，
现代英语倾向于采用
it
作形式主语，
而把不定式结构后置的 形式。
如：
It is important for students to study English.
学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。
2.
作定语
（
1
）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如：I have nothing to
say on this question.
对 这个问题我无可奉告。
（
2
）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必
要的介 词。如：
Give me a piece of paper to write on.
给我一张纸写字。
（
3
）有些名词常可用
不定式作定语。如：
Our teacher had no time to think about rest.
我们老师根本没时间考虑休
息一下。
3.
作宾语
a
．
want
，
decide
，
agree
等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如：
We agreed to start
early
．
She wants to be a doctor
．
b
．
love
，
like
，
begin
，
start
，
hate
，
prefer
等词后面可
以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
提示板：
like doing
指经常性动作，而
like to do
指一次性的动作。如：
I like swimming
，
but I
don't like to swim now
．
我喜欢游泳，
但我现在不想游。
c
．
s top
，
forget
，
remember
，
go on
，
try
等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
提示板：
1
）
stop to do sth
．
：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth
．
：停止正在做
的事。
例句：
When the teacher came in
，
the students stopped talking
；
when he came out
，
the students
stopped to talk
．
当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
2
）思考：
forget
，
remember
，
go on
，
try
等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？
d
．在
find
／
feel
＋
it
＋adj
．＋
to do sth
．句型中，
it
是形式宾语，真 正的宾语是后面的动词不
定式。如：
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep
．
I feel it easy to recite the text
．
点击规律：
某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式 作宾语，
又可接动名词作宾语，
二者用
法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面< br>stop
例句。
I wish to be a college stud ent.
我希
望成为一名大学生。有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语
(
宾语
+
宾语补足语
)
。如果其中的宾语是
不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语
it
放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语
(
真正的宾语
)
放在宾< br>语补足语之前。如：
I find it useful to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很有用。
4.
作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以
下三种情况。
（
1
）作动词
ask, like, tell
等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号
to
不可以省略。如：
He asked me to talk about English study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
（
2
）作使役动词
let, have, make
以及感官动词
feel, hear, see, watch
等的宾语补足 语时，动
词不定式符号
to
要省略。如：
The teacher made him say the word like this.
老师让他像这样说
这个单词。
（
3
）作动词< br>help
的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号
to
可以带，也可以不带。如：
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box
？你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？
5.
作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（
1
）作目的状语。如：
He stopped to have a rest.
他停下来休息。
（
2
）作结果状语。如：
He woke up to find everybody gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。
（
3
）
在某些表示喜、
怒、
哀、
乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
如：
I’m sorry to hear your grandma
is ill.
听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。
（
4
）在带有
enou gh
或
too
的句子里作状语，表程度。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学年龄了。
（
5
）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用
in order to
或
so as to +
动词原形，
so as to
不用于句首。如：
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。
1. Don't forget _________ the letter.A. to send
B. send
C.
sending
D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___A. sit B. sit
onC. be satD. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it
D.
which
4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.A. to smokeB. smokingC.
smokes
D. smoke
5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.A. boiling
B. boiled
C.
boil
D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some foodA. buy B. to buy
C.
buying
D. bought
7. John was made
—
e car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washingC.
washD. to be washing
8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.
A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned
C. clean D. being cleaned
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
A. visit to him B. to visit him
C. visiting him D. visited him
10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much, otherwise I would have been
drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink
C. not drinking
D. drinking
参考答案
1. A. forget to do sth .
忘记去做某事。
forget doing sth .
忘记做过某事。
2. B. sit
on the chair,
其中
on
不能少。
3. C. it
为形式主语。
4. A.
allow sb to do 5. D. tell
sb, to do 6. B.
stop to do
停下去做另一件事。
stop doing
停止做某事。
7.
A.
make sb do
在被动语态中为
be made to do .8.B. need to be done
与
need
doing
皆为
“
需要被做
”
之意。
9. B.
不定式结构作表语。
10. A.
不定式的否定式：
advise
sb not to do
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing
B. to produce
C. having produced
D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making
B. not make
C .not to make
D. nor to make
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making
herself
hear
B.
to
make
herself
hear
C.
making
herself
heard
D .to
make
herself heard
4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A .to be heard.
B. to be bearing
C .to hear
D .to have heard
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A .to tell
B .to be told
C .telling
D .told
6.
You
were
silly
not
_______your
car.A.
to
lock
B.
to
have
locked
C.
locking
D.
having
locked
7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise. A .don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D .not to make
8.
An
army
spokesman
stressed
that
all
the
soldiers
had
been
ordered
_____clear
warnings
before firing any shots.
A .to issue
B. being issued
C. to have issued
D. to be issued
9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.
A. to share
B. to have shared
C. share
D. sharing
10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. robbed
B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed
D. having been robbed
11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.
A.
being
destroyed
B.
having
been
destroyed
C.
to
be
destroyed
D.
to
have
been
destroyed
12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place
B. to be taken place
C. to have taken place
D. being taken place
13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished
B. to finish
C. and finishing
D. to finished
14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have not
B. to not have
C. not to
have
D. not having
15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?A. to be read
B. for reading C. to read
D. he
read
16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.