高中英语不定式知识点整理
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2021年01月31日 23:49
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The Infinitive
一、动词不定式的不同形式
主动形式
基本式
to do
进行式
to be doing
完成式
to have done
被动形式
to be done
to have been done
否定形式
not to do/ not to be done
not to be doing
not
to
have
dong/not
to
have been done
not to have been doing
完
成
进
行
to
have
been
式
doing
三、
动词不定式在句中作用
1.
主语
To be a good teacher requires patience.
It is important for you to use your time wisely.
It is brave of him to dive from the cliff.
it
形式主语
•
(1)It is +adj.+ (for sb.) to do
…
•
easy/difficult/hard/right/wrong/unne cessary
…
•
(2)It is/was +adj. + (of sb.) to do
…
•
kind/clever/foolish/strange/polite
…
•
(3) It is +
名词
+ to do...
•
a pity/an honor/one
’
s duty/no easy job/good manners
…
2.
宾语
We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.
They asked her how to get to the railway station.
(
常以不定式作宾语的动词：
afford
,
agree,
ask,
attempt
,
beg,
bother,
care,
choose,
claim
,
decide,
desire,
expect,
fail
,
help,
intend
,
learn,
manage
,
offer,
plan,
prepare,
pretend,
refuse
,
threaten
,
wish
等
)
辨析不定式与动名词：
1)
动词
remember, forget, regret
后接动名词表示已经做过的动作
,
不定式表示没
有做过或将要做的动作
.
•
I remember seeing him yesterday.
•
I remember having seen him before.
•
Please remember to see him today.
2)
动词
like, love, hate, begin, start
既可用动名词 也可用不定式作宾语
,
意思基本
相同，但动名词表经常性的动作，不定式偏向一次性动 作。
•
I like watching TV at home.
•
I like to watch TV at home tonight.
3)
•
try to do / try doing
•
mean to do / mean doing
•
can
’
t help to do / can
’
t help doing
•
stop to do / stop doing
•
go on to do / go on doing
need / want / require doing=~to be done
•
The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.
3.
宾语补足语
He told me to take care of the puppy while he was away.
My boss told me to sit there.
（常见动词：
advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, invite, order, permit,
persuade, press, remind, teach, tell
…
）
4.
定语
The building to be built is our library.
We have a lot of things to do today.
There are a lot of things to do.
( have
和
there be
句型中，常用主动表被动。
)
•
Please give me a pen to write
with
.
•
Please give me a piece of paper to write
.
5.
状语
1)
目的状语
: to do, so as to do, in order to do
He hid himself behind the door so that he couldn
’
t be found by others.
=He hid himself behind the door so as not to be found by others.
2)
结果状语：
only, enough to do, too
…to do, so…as (not) to
Some people laugh at others,
only to
find themselves laughed at.
She is
so
weak
that
she can not run fast.
=She is
so
weak
as not to
run fast.
She
isn
’
t
strong
enough to
run fast.
She is
too
weak
to
run fast.
•
The question is easy
.(answer)
•
He is difficult
.(teach)