英语语法不定式讲解与练习
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2021年01月31日 23:59
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博览群书的近义词-信息技术处理员
Infinitive
不定式
______________ _________________________________________
Objective:
To let students know the basic functions of infinitive and
how to use it.
Prepare in Advance:
Handout of exercise
I.
Warm- up
[5’]
Brainstorming: Have you ever heard of the sentence from one masterpiece of
Shakespeare,” To be or not to be is a question”? And stimulate students to think
about more sentences which are of “
to + verb
”.
II.
Main Activities
[55
’]
Activity 1: Presentation
[30
’
]
不定式由
“to
＋动词原形
”
构成，其否定形式是
“not to do”
。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状
语、表语和定语。
1.
不定式的用法：
(1)
作主语。
不定式短语作主语时，为了使句 子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，
而用
it
作形式主语。
To swim in the sea is great fun.
What to do next will be discussed later.
It is important to be confident.
It is our duty to give as much help as possible.
(2)
作宾语。
常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词
(
组
)
有
:
1) want, wish, hope, expect, desire
等表示希望，想要的动词
The thief desired to get that large sum of money.
2) would like (love), like, love, dislike, hate
等表示好恶的动词
I hate to ask my parents for money.
3) plan, prepare, intend, mean
等表示计划，打算的动词
I meant to help you but I was too busy.
4) decide,
make up one’s mind, be determined
，
choose
等表示决定的动词
We are determined to teach him a good lesson.
5)
其它动词：
care, learn, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, manage, try,
can’t
afford, fail, pretend, help
等。
He promised to come tod
ay, but he hasn’t turned up yet
.
I can
’
t afford to buy a car.
I don
’
t dare to ask the teacher about my scores.
※
有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用
it
来作形式
宾语。如：
You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time.
(3)
作宾语补足语。
常见的跟不定式作宾补的动词有
:
1) let, have, make, get
等表示使役的动词，其中
have, make, let
跟不定式作宾补
时要省略不定式符号
to,
但在被动语态中
to
要加上
let/ have / make sb. do; get sb. to do
Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his
sister.
2) ask, order, tell, request
等表示要求，命令的动词。常见结构：
ask sb. to do sth.
The chairman requested the members to be silent.
The children asked their parents to take them to the park.
3) allow, want, expect, forbid
等表示许可或禁止的动词
The guard forbade me to enter.
4) wish, want, expect, intend
等表示希望的动词
(hope
无此用法
)
Many parents expect their children to study abroad.
5) see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel
等表示感观的动词
6) think, consider, believe, find, know, suppose, prove
等表示认为，相信，证明
的动词
I consider him to be one of the best singers in the country.
Perhaps this book will prove to be of some use to you in your studies.
7)
其它动词：
He
advised
me to read English as often as possible.
I’m
sure this treatment will
help
him (to) be cured.
How can I
persuade
my father to give up smoking.
He was
encouraged
to do something new for a change.
Police
warned
drivers to avoid the roads through the center of town.
It
caused
the little boy to cry loudly.
The students are
forced
to do something they
don’t
like at all.
I was
invited
to go to
Jenny’s
wedding party.
Please
remind
me to take the raincoat.
(4)
作表语
1
）表示将要发生的事
The question is where to find water.
What worries me is to speak at the meeting.
2
）表示目的性
The purpose of this program is to introduce knowledge about science to the
youth.
3
）表示情态意义（应该）
Nobody is to know.
（不应让任何人知道）
She is to blame.
（她应该受到责备）
What am I to do if I fail the exam?
My job is to help the patient.
※
不定式作表语说明主语的性质或内容，而
“be to do”
结构表示安排要做的事情。
My next plan is to draw a picture for the house.(
不定式作表语
)
We are to meet at the school gate at six .(be to do
表示安排
)
(5)
作定语
1
）不定式作定语表示即将发生的事情
I’m
busy preparing for the exam to come in a few weeks.
The lecture to follow is about America.
The meeting to be held next week will be of great importance.
。
2
）常跟不定式作定语的名词
Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.
It’s
a good way to make girls happy.
He made a great effort to improve his English.
Chapline is the first to spread movie to all people.
He would be the last to agree to the plan.
He is the best to attend the competition.
※作定语的不定式如果与其前面所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，
然而动词又为不及物动
词， 动词后要加介词或副词，使其成为及物动词词组。
Will you find me a pen to write with?
你能给我找一支写字的笔吗
?
He is a pleasant person to work with.
(6)
状语。表示目的、原因、结果。
①
They ran over to welcome the guests.
他们跑过去欢迎客人。
(
目的
)
②
The child is too young to go to school.
孩子太小不能去上学。
(
结果
)
③
We were excited to hear the news.
听到这个消息我们激动了。
(
原因
)
（
7
）
疑问词
+
不定式
I really
don’t
know which one to choose.
She learned how to drive just recently.
Can you tell me what to do now?
Please show me how to start the engine.
(8)
不定式的独立结构
To tell the truth, I know nothing about it.
（说实话）
To be exact, he is a middle-aged man.
（确切地说）
To be frank with you, I
don’t
care at all.
（坦白地说）
To be sure, we can do it well.
（当然）
To be honest, you
don’t
fit for the job.
（老实说）
To put it another way, you must get an A in the following exam.
（换句话说）
To be brief, this is what we must do.
（简言之）
To conclude, you have to try your best to win the match.
（总之）
To do him justice, he is not a bad person.
（说句公道话）
To begin with, I want to introduce myself.
（首先）
2.
不定式的时态与语态