高考英语不定式的用法及真题练习
绝世美人儿
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2021年02月01日 00:04
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理财产品是什么-同卓
不定式
不定式的用法:不定式的否定形式是在所有的不定式
to
前加
not
(1)
作主语
不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用
it
作形式主语。
To see is to believe
.
眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.
戒烟是对的。
It is kind of you to come to see me.
(2)
作宾语
不定式短语作宾语时,
如果还带有宾语补足语,
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语 补足语之后,
而用
it
作形式宾语。
e.g.
He wanted to go
.
他想走。
I find it interesting to work with him.
我发现和他一起工作有趣。
有作形式宾语
,
主要有两类动词
:
●
谓语动词是
make; find; believe; think; feel
等时
,
常用
it
作形式宾语
●
谓语动词是表好恶的词
,
如
: like; dislike; hate; appreciate
常用
it
作形式宾语
They made it possible to finish the task in two days.
I find it difficult to study English well.
I hate it when a person speak with his mouth full.
We will appreciate it if you help us.
(3)
作宾语补足语
He asked me to do the work with him
.
他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。
注意:
1
)
在
feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have
,
1et, make
等词后的补足
语中
,
不定式不带
to
。
+
不定式强调动作的全过程
;
+
现在分词强调动作与宾语之间存在主动关系
,
及动作正在进行
;
+
过去分词强调动作与宾语之间存在被动关系
,
及动作已经完成
.
如
:
I must see my child cross the street.
I saw the thief stealing her money.
You will see many problems settled in this way.
2
)
但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时,就必须带
to
。
The boss made Miss White type the letter again.
注意
:
当这些动词转成被动语态时
必须补充出来
.
如
Miss White was made to type the letter again.
如果对这些动词后的宾语提问
,
则照抄
Who (Whom) did the boss make type the letter again?
Who (Whom) would you rather have go with ?
(4)
作定语
1
/
5
I have some books for you to read.
我有几本书供给你读。
< br>注①:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动
作的地点、 工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
e.g.
He is looking for a room to live in
.
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about
.
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with
.
请给我把刀子来切东西。
②
:
不定式是否用被动
,
不定式作定语与所修饰词之间形成动宾关系
,
若句中有不定
式的逻辑主语
,
不定式用主动
;
反之用被动
.
Do you have anything to send ?
你有东西要去寄吗
? (
寄的动作是
you
发出的
)
Do you have anything to be sent ?
你有东西要寄吗
? (
寄的动作不是
you
发出的
,
是别人
帮寄的
)
I have something to say.
(5)
作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
e.g. I came here to see you
.
(
目的
)
We were very excited to hear the news
.
(
原因
)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there .
(
结果
)
To look at him
,
you would like
。
(
条件
)
目的状语还可以用
in order to
或
so as to
来表示。
e.g.
In order to pass the exam
,
he worked very hard
.
为了考试及格,他学习很刻苦。
We ran all the way so as not to be late
.
为了别迟到我们一路上跑来的。
注意
:
不定式经常和
only; never
连用
,
强调出乎意料的结果或失望的情绪
.
After that day they were separated, never to see each other again.
I hurried to get there , only to find him out.
(6)
不定式 在句中用主动式还是被动式,
多数情况下是容易判别的,
但有时的确比较复杂,
请注意 以下几点:
A)
不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形
式。
Have you got a key to unlock the door?
B)
不定 式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成
逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式 常用主动形式。
I have got a letter to write
.
He needs a room to live in
.
C)
不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句中的主语 构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多
用主动形式,这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了
for one
或
for people
.
e.g.
He is hard to talk to
.
2
/
5