初三英语动词不定式专项复习
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2021年02月01日 00:07
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初三英语动词不定式专项复习
一、动词不定式的定义
动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），动词不定式
在句子中用法灵活，作用很大，是中 考中重要的考查项目之
一，大家一定要学好！
二、动词不定式的基本形式
肯定式：
to
+
动词原形
否定式：
not
to
+
动词原形
(to
是不定式符号、标志，无意义，可以不翻译
)
三、动词不定式的特征
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，
它没有人称和 数的变
化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何
句子成分（主语、表语、宾语 、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动
词的 某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和
它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
四、动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此 在句子中
可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1
、不定式作宾语
能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物动词）很多，常见的有
wan
t
to
do,
like
to
do,
wish
to
do,
hate
to
do,
hope
to
do,
prefer
to
do,
try
to
do,
ask
to
do,
start
to
do,
begin
to
do,
decide
to
do,
learn
to
do,
choose
to
do,
agree
to
d
o,
expect
to
do,
remember
to
do,
forget
to
do
，等。
Vt.(
及物动词
)+
to
do
sth.
He
wanted
to
borrow
my
CD
player.
His
brother
is
learning
to
drive.
I
hope
to
speak
English
well.
动词不定式作宾 语其后又有补足语时，常用
it
作形式宾语，
而把不定式后置。
I
fond
it
difficult
to
learn
physics.
2
、不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式位于及物动词的宾语后，补充说明宾语，作补足
语。
常用带
to
的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有
want
sb
to
do,
ask
sb
to
do
,
tell
sb
to
do,
order
sb
to
do,
get
sb
to
do,
wish
sb
to
do,
allow
sb
to
do,
invite
sb
to
do,
t
each
sb
to
do,
encourage
sb
to
do,
beg
sb
to
do
等。
Vt.
+
sb.
+
(not)
to
do
sth.
The
teacher
told
us
to
read
the
text.
Who
taught
you
to
play
the
music.
He
asked
me
not
to
tell
you
the
news.
His
parents
didn’t
allow
him
to
play
常用省去
to
的动词不定式作补足语的动 词有：
“一感
（
feel
）
、
二听（
hear,
listen
to
）、三让（
make,
let,
have
）、四看（
l
ook
at,
see,
watch,
notice
）”
Please
listen
to
me
sing
this
song
again.
I
felt
someone
open
my
door.
The
boss
made
the
girl
work
ten
hour
a
day.
You
must
watch
me
carefully
do
everything.
跟省
to
的还有
:had
bet
ter,why
not….?why
don’t
you…?wi
ll
you
please…?shall,will,would
及其他情态动词之后。
3
、不定式作状语
动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、
原因状语。
She
came
here
to
borrow
an
English
book.
（目的）
Let’s
stop
to
have
a
rest.
She
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.
（结果）
He
runs
fast
enough
to
catch
a
horse.
I’m
sorry
to
make
you
wait
here
so
long.
（原因）
We
are
surprised
to
see
such
beautiful
animals.
4
、不定式作主语
To
see
is
to
believe.
To
know
something
about
English
is
one
thing;
to
kno
w
English
is
quite
another.
To
learn
English
well
is
important
口语中，
常用
it
作形式主语，
而把 真正的主语
(
动词不定式
)
后置。如上面第三个句子可以改写成：
It’s
important
to
learn
English
well.
记住常用句型
（
1
）
It
take
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
e.g.
It
took
me
two
hours
to
write
the
letter.
（
2
）
It
is
+
adj.
+
(
for/of
sb.
)+
to
do
sth.
如果要说明不定式 表示的动作是谁做的，
则在不定式前加一
个
for
引起的短语，即不定式的逻 辑主语。
e.g.
It’s
not
hard
for
one
to
do
a
bit
of
good.
在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如
kin
d
、
good
、
nice
、
wrong
、
clever
、
right
等）作表语时，不定
式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的 情况。
e.g.
It’s
kind
of
you
to
help
me.
It’s
not
polite
of
him
to
speak
to
old
people
like
t
hat.
（
3
）主语
+find/think+it+
形容词
+to
do
sth
We
find
it
important
to
learn
English.
（
4
）
too+
形容词
/
副词
+to
do
sth
The
man
is
too
old
to
walk.
动词
help
之后的不定式既可省
to
也可不省
to
。
He
often
helps
(to)
clean
the
room.
Mr.
Zhang
always
helps
us
(to)
learn
English. < br>注意：感官动词、使役动词
let,have,make
等后面不定式省
to
，还有
had
better,why
not
等后面不定式省
to
感官动词后既可跟省
to< br>的不定式作宾补，
也可跟现在分词作
宾补，
其区别是：
跟现在分词强调 动作的情景
（正在进行）
，
跟不定式强调动作的全过程（表示动作已完成）。
e.g.
I
often
heard
her
sing
when
I
walked
past
her
ho
me.
I
heard
her
singing
just
now.
When
I
looked
out
of
the
window,
I
saw
the
boys
pl
aying
basketball.
On
my
way
home,
I
saw
the
accident
happen.
5
、不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，
作后置定语。
I
want
to
get
something
to
read
during
the
holiday.
We
have
a
lot
work
to
do
.
She
is
the
first
person
to
think
of
the
idea.
There’s
nothing
for
us
to
worry
about