情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

2021年2月1日发(作者：告白气球)
一、不定式的句法功能

1.
作主语：
To see is to believe.

It is quite right for you to give up smoking right away.
2.
作宾语：
He wanted to go.

I find it interesting to study spoken English by watching movies.
3.
作表语：
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.

4.
作宾语补足语：
He asked me to do the work with him together.
5.
作定语：
He is looking for a room to live in.
6.
作状语：
We were very
excited to see
you. (
原因
)








He hurried to the school
only to find
nobody there. (
结果
)






To stay with her for a while, you would find her a very kind lady. (
条件
)







I came here to see you. (
目的
)





In order to
pass the exam, he worked very hard. (
目的
)





Would you be
so
kind
as to
tell me the time? (
结果
)





We ran all the way
so as not to
be late for the concert. (
目的
)
7.
作主语补足语：
Byron
is said to
have lived on vinegar and potatoes
．



The bank
is reported
in the local newspaper
to
have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.
二、不定式的时态和语态


一般

进行

完成

完成进行

主动

to do

to be doing
to have done
to have been doing
被动

to be done
/
to have been done
/
1.
一般式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在谓语动词动作之后发生。




主动：
I saw him
enter
the room.

He was seen
to enter
the room.


被动：
I was invited to the party
to be held
in the roof garden.
2.
进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行。




主动：
They seemed
to be eating
something.

I am very glad
to be working
with you.
3.
完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。




主动：
I'm sorry
to have kept
you waiting so long.









I heard you
have finished
your work.

Tom was heard
to have finished
his work.


被动：
The song seems
to have been sung
for many times.


4.
完成进行式表示其动词所代表的动作，在谓语动词所代表的动作之前一直在进行



主动：
The students are said
to have been studying
for almost two hours without a break.








They are quite happy
to have been staying
with us till now.
三、三点注意

1.
不定式用在介词
but,
except,
besides
后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词
do
的各种形
式，那么这些介词后的不 定式不带
to
，否则要带
to
。如：

He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
2.
不定式用 在下面动词后作宾语补足语时，
不定式不带
to
，
如：
I often hear him sing the song.
但是这些句子如果为被动语态，则
to
不可省，如：
He is often heard to sing the song.
（
get
）

五看
--see/watch/notice/observe/look at
；< br>三使
--have/make/let
；
两听
--hear/list en to
；
一感觉
--feel
3.
不定式做表语时，一般要 带
to
，但若主语部分中含有
do
的各种形式时，
to
可省 。如：

We
’
ve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.
四、疑问词
who, what, which, when, where, whether, how
后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在
句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：

When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
（主语）

Mr. Smith didn’t know whether to leave or stay there.
（宾语）

I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
（宾语）

The question was where to get the medicine needed.
（表语）

五、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的比较。

（一）
、不定式作表语

1.
不定式作表语一般表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。


What I would suggest is to start work at once.
2.
如果主语是不定式
(
表示条件
)
，表语也是不定式< br>(
表示结果
)
。


To see is to believe.

To work means to earn a living.
3.
如果主语是以
aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wis h
等为
中心的名词，或以
what
引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语 起补充说明作用。


His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and
to allow ample light into the interior.

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.
（二）
、动名词作表语，表示习惯性的、一般的、抽象的或泛指的行为。


Our work is serving the people.

His hobby is collecting stamps.
(
注
)
动名词 作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明
动作是由主语完成的。动 名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

（三）
、分词作表语

分词 做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语。一般来说，
表示心理状态的动词如
excite, interest
等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”
，
“高兴”
，而
是“使激动”
、
“使高兴”
，因而现在分词应该是“ 令人激动的”
、
“令人高兴的”
，过去分词则
是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴 的”
。所以，凡表示“令人…的”都是
-ing
形式；表示“感
到…”都用< br>-ed
形式。这类词常见的有：


delighting
–
delighted
pleasing
—
pleased
worrying
—
worried
boring
—
bored
disappointing
—
disappointed
puzzling
—
puzzled
shocking
—
shocked
confusing
—
confused
encouraging
—
encouraged
satisfying
—
satisfied
convincing
—
convinced
amazing
—
amazed
（四）
、要把动名词的复合结构看 成一个整体。它有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动名
词；②名词
's
＋动名词；③ 代词宾格＋动名词；④名词＋动名词。动名词的复合结构可在句
中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③、 ④两种形式；无生命名词不能用第②种形式，无论
是作主语还是作宾语。动名词的复合结构，实际上是给 动名词加了一个逻辑主语。如：


His
／
Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.

Do you mind my
／
me
／
Jack's
／
Jack leaving now?
六、不定式的特殊句型

“too…to…”

1. too
前有否定词，则意为
“
不太
…”


如：
It's never too late to mend.

2. too
前面有
only, all, but, rather
时，意为

“
非常
…”
，等于
very
。如：

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.

He was but too eager to get home.
七、不 定式在
easy
、
difficult
等形容词后作状语，用主动形式表被动 。如：

One of the benefits of the new model is that it is easier
to operate
than the old one.
八、不定式主动表被动的情况

1.
在“主语
+be+
形容词
+
不定式”句型中，且主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语。这时，可以看< br>成是省略了不定式的逻辑主语

for us, for one, for you, for me
等。例如：

①
That question is difficult to answer.

②
The problem is difficult to work out.

③
These apples are good to eat.

当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动表被动。如：


①
I found him easy to get along with.


②
They don
’
t think the game interesting to play.

③
I find the lecture difficult to understand.

但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：
The handwriting is difficult to be read.
适合此结构的形容词：
hard,
amusing,
interesting,
cheap,
difficult,
dangerous,
easy,
nice,
important, good, pleasant, comfortable, heavy, light
等


2.
在
too...to...
和

enough to
结构中。如：

①
The passage is too hard to translate.

②
The box is too heavy to move.

③
This book is cheap enough to buy.

但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：
This box is too heavy to be lifted.
3.
不定式短语作后置定语，
且与其逻辑主语间为主动关系时。
如：
①
I have a meeting to attend
today.

②
Do you have anything to say?

③
He gave me some books to read.
但如果主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，则需要用不定式的被动形式。如：


I
’
m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents?
4.
There be
句型中，
用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动式。
如：
There
’
s nothing to do now. (=We
have nothing to do now)




There
’
s nothing to see. (Nothing worth seeing)
注意：

若用不定式的被动式，
则表示不同的含义。
比较：
There
’
s nothing to be done. (= We can
do nothing now)



There
’
s nothing to be seen. (Nothing there at all)
5.
在下列句型中，
to let, to blame, to seek
等用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：


The house is to let.
这栋房子要出租。

Who is to blame for it?
这得怪谁？


The reason is not far to seek.
理由不难找到。

A lot remains to do.
还剩下许多事情要做。


不同的人采用不同的说法：

房屋的主人会说：
The house is to let.
而经纪人可能会说：
The house is to be let.

以下句子表达不同的概念：

You are to blame.
你应该负责
/
这是你的过错。

You are to be blamed.
你该受到责备。

blame
vt.
责备；归咎于
n.
责备；责任；过失

1. blame sb.
指责，责备某人。如：

You don
’
t have to blame yourself.

Alice shouldn
’
t be blamed by us.
2. blame sb. for sth./doing sth.
为某事责备某人。如：

He blamed his father for his failure.
Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.
His companion, blamed for the accident, had not been driving carefully.
3. blame sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人。如
:


She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.
It's no use blaming our defeat on him.
The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.
4. be to blame (for)
应
(
为…
)
承担责任；该
(
为…
)
受责备。
[
注意
]
此处不能用被动语态。如
:


The children were not to blame for the accident.



I am in no way to blame.
Who is to blame for starting the fire?



He is more to blame than you.
练：











for the break down of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirit.

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么

情绪与压力管理-远近闻名的近义词是什么