崔荣容英语语法精编版
绝世美人儿
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2021年02月01日 10:57
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团队拓展训练-探寻的意思
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英语语法
第一讲英语五种基本句式
He learns English every day.
他每天学英语
谓
) (
主
+
基本句式一
:S V
The universe remains
宇宙长存
.
表语是描述主语性质特点位置的词
+
表
)
系动词表连系作用
基本句式二
:S V P (
主
+
系
The food
is delicious
这个食物很好吃
)
宾语是动作执行的对象谓
+
宾
基本句式三
:S V O (
主
+ He took his bag and left
他拿着书包离开
了
，一般指物。
，一般指人。
O
间宾
+
直宾
)
注
: o+
基本句式四
:S V o O (
主
+
谓
他的爸爸给他买了
一本词典。
Her father bought her a dictionary
)
宾
+
宾补
:S V O C (
主
+
谓
+
基本句式五
我们选他当班长。
We made him our monitor
!Nothing is impossible to a willing heart!
有志者事竟成
第二讲
Be
动词的形式和用法
Be
动词的形式：
一般现在时：
be,is,am,are
。
一般过去时：
was,were
。
Be
动词的现在分词：
being
。
Be
动词的过去分词：
been
。
========================
Is:
和单数主语连用的
be
动词。
The man is back.
Are:
和复数主语连用的
be
动词。
They are back
Was:
和单数主语连用的
be
动词
he was back.
Were:
复数主语连用的过去形式。
They were back
Been
：复数主语连用的现在完成时态形式
they have been back
Be
动词的用法：
后面接名词，形容词，地点副词，或短语作补足语。
a tercher
是补足语，补充说明前面的
the man is a teacher 1
．
Mary's new dresses are
colorful 2
3 My mother was in the kitchen
动词的练习：
Be
:They
现在时
are
teachers.
他们是老师。
去时
:he
a teacher before.
但现在不是了他以前是一名老师。
()
was
过
年的老师了。现在完成时
:He has been a teacher for 3 years
他已经当了
3
第三讲
Be
动词
的否定/
提问
/
回答
Be
动词的否定
在
am, is, are, was, were
后面加
not
缩略式
am not,isn't,aren't,wasn't,weren't.
1
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They weren't
back They aren't back He wasn't back
例子：
The man isn't back I am not back
动词提问和回答
Be
Is he a teacher?
不，他不是
Yes,he is/No,he isn't
是的，他是
/
你是一名老师么？
Are you a teacher?
不，我不
是
Yes,I am/No, I am not
是的，我是
/
他们以前是老师么？
Were they teacher?
不，他们不是。
Yes,they were /No,they weren't
是的，他们是
/
Be
动词的练习：
/
No,he isn't
不他不是
他是医生么？
Is he a doctor?
Yes, he is
1. classroom
）
Were they in
the classroom yesterday?
2
．他们昨天在教室么？（
yesterday
，
，
they wasn't
是的，他
们在
/
不，他们不在
，
Yesthey was/ No
．他们昨天不在教室
They weren't in the classroom
yesterday 3
第四讲代词的主格和宾格
主格代词：
I he she it you we they
you are teacherhe is a teacher I am a teacher
宾格代词：
me him her it you us them
I like him
我喜欢他们
We like her.
我们喜欢她
He likes me.
他喜欢我
。他们认识他
They
know him
练习：我喜欢它
I like it
/
形容词性物主代词第五讲名词性
形容词性物主代词：
)
单数形式：
my,your,his/her/its,one's(
某人的
their
（他们的）
（我们的）
，
your
（你们的）< br>
，
复数形式：
our
形容性物主代词后直接跟名词
我爱我们的祖国
we love our motherland
例子：
this is my book
这是我的书
那些是你的袜
子
those are your socks
名词性物主代词：
（某人的）
his/hers/its
，
one'syours
单数形式：
mine
我的，你的，
theirs
他
们的我们的，
yours
你们的，
复数形式：
ours
名词性物主代词：
有名词性质，
不能接任何名 词，
本身有了名词的概念
the apple is hers
例子：
the book is ours
我的老师是中国人练习：
My teacher is Chinese
这个电脑是他们的
This computer is theirs
我们
的书在书架上
Our book is on the sheif
物词性形容词性宾格
主格
名
主代词物主代词
MineMy Me
I
我
His
His Him He
他
Hers
Her SheHer
她
Its
ItItIts
它
Yours YouYouYour
你
/
你
2
………………………… …………………………………最新资料推荐…………………………………………………
们
W
U
Ou
Our
我们
Theirs
Them
TheirThey
他们主格：放在主语的位置上
宾格：放在宾格的位置上
形容词性物主代词：后面可接名词
名词性物主代词
:
后面不可接名词了，本身包含名词意思。
（得综 合上下文看）
。
第六讲反身代词
反身代词：某人自己
Myself
我自己
yourselves
你们自己
Yourself
你自己
ourselves
我们自己
Herself
她自己
themselves
它们自己
Himself
他自己
Itself
它自己
反身代词语法
please help yourself to some fish
随便吃些鱼吧。
we enjoyed ourselves last night.
我们昨天晚上玩的很开心
the thing itself is not important
事情本身并不重要
练习：
take good care of (yourself).
照顾好自己
She gained contral of (herself)
她控制住了她自己
第七讲
:
实意动词的特征
（
Come read go watch play fly
）具有实在意义
he
comes
from Shenyang.
他来自沈阳（实意动词在句子中作谓语）
（一般现在时）
she
is reading
story books
她正在阅读故事书
.
（现在进行时）
They
went
to America yesterday
他们昨天去美国了（
went
是
go
的过去时）
We
have watched
the game for three times
我们已经看这个游戏看了
3
遍了（现在完成时）
My mother
will fly
back to china next month
。
我的妈妈将在下个月飞回国
（将来时，
前面加上
wil l
）
练习
He come to Shanghai yesterday
。他昨天来上海了
We are writing homework
我们正在写作业
They have read this book three times
他们读这本书已经读
3
遍了。
第八讲
:
实意动词的否定
/
提问
/< br>回答
.
使用助动词进行否定
,
在助动词
(
一般现在式
)do (
三单
)does (
过去式
)did
后面加
not.
Do not /don't
does not/doesn't
did not/didn't
1,I don't go to school by bus.
我不坐公车去上学
.
2,she doesn't watch TV everyday.
她每天不看电视
3,they didn't swim last night.
他们昨晚没游泳
使用助动词进行提问
:
助动词放句首
.
动词变原形
.
3
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1,he often plays golf.
他经常打高尔夫球
Does he often play golf?
他经常打高尔夫球吗
?
Yes, he does/ No, he doesn't.
2,they go to school by bus.
他们坐公车去上学
.
Do they go to school by bus?
他们坐公车去上学吗
?
Yes, they do. /No, they don't
3,sam had breakfast yesterday.
sam
昨天吃早餐了
.
Did sam have breakfast yesterday?
Yes, he did
No,he didn't
练习
:1,
他每天都学英语吗
?Does he learn englidh everyday?
Yes, he does.
No,he doesn't
2,tom
昨天没吃早餐
.(have breakfast) tom didn't have breakfast yesterday.
第九讲
:
使用疑问词进行提问和回答
使用疑问词进行提问
:when where who what how
He bought three books yesterday.
他昨天买了三本书
Who bought three books yesterday.
谁昨天买了三本书
?
What did he buy yesterday.
他昨天买了什么
?
疑问词不是主语需加助动词在疑问词后面
When did he buy three books?
他什么时候买的三本书
?
疑问词不是主语需加助动词
They wanted to go to shanghai by air.
Who wanted to go to shanghai by air?
Where did they want to go by air?
How did they want to go to shanghai?
第十讲
:
使用疑问词进行提问和回答
How long
多长时间
, how far
多远
, how often
多长时间一次
, why
为什么
1,they have been in china for three years.
How long have they been in china.
2,it is about 4 kilometers from Beijing to Xian?
How far is it from Beijing to Xian?
一星期一次
.
3,they come to visit me
once a week
How often do they come to visit me?
4,she came late, because she missed the bus.
她来晚了
,
因此错过了公车
.
Why did she come late?
练习
:1,
他们学汉语多长时间了
?
How long have they learned English.
现在完成式
.
2,
你多长时间看一次电影
?
How often do you watch movies?
你的家离学校多远
?
How far is it form your house to your school?
第十一讲
:
名词
1
可数名词
(countable noun)
指数得过来的概念
,
有单复数之分
4
……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐…… ……………………………………………
Apple
-
apples
pencil
-
pecils
student
-
.
Tomato
-
tomatoes
一般加
s
以
结尾加
es. Bus
-
buses
以辅音字母
+y
结尾
,y
变
i
加
es
以
o
结尾
,
如果不是外来词或缩写就加
es tomato
-
tomatoes
缩写
hippo
-
hippos
可数名词前加
a(an)
或量词
Apple
-
an apple
-
apples
a box of apples.
Tomato
-
a tomato
-
tomatoes
a bag of tomatoes.
2
不可数名词
(uncountable noun )
无法计算的数量或抽象概念
,
不可加
a,an,
没有复数
,
但前面可加量
词
Salt
coffee
water
history
love
Coffee
-
a cup of coffee,
练习
:he bought me a box of chocolate, a bike
第十二讲
:
指示代词和不定代词
指示代词
:
标识人或事物的代词
,
用来代替前面已提到的名词
This these that those
This is his book.
Those apples were his.
不定代词
:
指代不确定的人或事物
.one,the other, some,any something,nothing.
No one knows there he is.
Some of the boys want to go to shanghai, but the others want to go to xian.
Each of the students has got a book.
学生中的每一个人都有一本书
.
练习
:1,these teachers are form china
2,I know nothing about this person.
3,I have something to tell you.
第十三讲
:
形容词
形容人或事物的状态
,性质
,
大小等
,
通常用在名词前或
be
动词后
.
Beautiful
-
the beautiful girl
the girl is beautiful.
The+
形 容词
=
复数名词
,
表示一类
,
后面的动词使用复数
.
Old
-
the old
young
-
the young
the old need more care than the young.
练习
;1,she is a good student.
This bike is expansive.
The rich sometimes complain their empty life.
第十四讲
:
副词
副词可以修饰动词
,
形容词
,
其它副词以及其它结构
.
He runs fast.
She is very beautiful.
They work very hard.
副司的位置
:
根据情况
,
入在助动词之后
,
实意动词之前或 之后
.
形容词之前
,
其它副词之前或之后
.
多
个助 动词时
,
副词一般放在第一个助动词后
.
He speaks very fast.
They have already left .
they have already been repaired.
常用的频度副词
always usually,often,sometimes neve r
的位置通常放在一般动词前面
,Be
动词后面
,
助动词和实意动词 之间
.
They always come early.
Sam often writes homework at 7:00
练习
:please write the word slowly.
They sometimes come here. The tree is very tall.
第十五讲
:
不定量的表达法
;
不确定数量的表达法
5
……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐………………… ………………………………
Some any most every all
Some
主要用于肯定句
,
希望得到肯定回答时
,
也可用在疑问句中
,any
主要用在否定或疑问句中
.
I'd been expecting some letters the whole morning, but there weren't any for me.
Most
作形容词时表示大部分的
.
后面接复数名词
.
Most people here are from china.
Every
表示每一个
,
所有
,
后面接单数名词
.
Every one likes the film.
All
表示所有
,
后面接可数名词复数
,
不可数名词单数
.
All the cars are parked in the parking lot.
All the coffee is served on time.
练习
:some boys went camping yesterday.
All the children like to play football.
Most teachers want to work here.
第十六讲
:
不定量表达法
-
2
Bo th
表示两者都
,
可作形容词
,
代词和副词
,either
表示二者之一
, neither
表示二者都不
.
Both his eyes were severely burned.
There are trees on either side of the street.
Neither answer is correct.
Many< br>修饰可数名词
,
表示许多
,much
修饰不可数名词
,
表示许多
.
A lot of (lots of ), plenty of
均可修饰可数和不可数名词
.
Many books
much water.
A lot of / lots of books/water
练习
:both the hands are washed.
Tom drank a lot of coffee last night.
第十七讲
:
不定量的表达法
-
3
A few
为肯定含义几个
, few
为否定含义没几个
,
二个词均可和不可数名词连用
.
A few books are put into the box.
Few books are put into the box.
A little
为肯定含义一点 儿
,little
为否定含义没多点
.
二个词均可和不可数名词连用
There is a little water in the bottle.
There is little water in the bottle.
None, no one
的意思相同
,
主要作代词
,< br>为一个也不
,
一点也不
.
用法稍有区别
.
None
可以接
of
短语
,
动词可用单数
,也可用复数
.
No one
不可以接
of
短语
,
动词只能用单数
.
No one knows the answer.
None of us have arrived.
练习
:a few books are put into the box.
There is a little water in the bottle.
None of us have arrived.
第十八讲
: there/here be
句型
.
There/here be,
根据上下文
,
有多种翻译方法
,
有
,
是
.be
动词根据后面的 名词有单复数变化
.
There is a book on the bookshelf
there are some books on the bookshelf.
Here is the bus stop.
Here are your books.
练习
:there is a lot of water in the bottle.
Here is your car.
There are many students in the room.
第十九讲
:
一般现在时和现在进行时
6
……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐…………………………………………………
一般现在时表示通常性
,
规律性
,
习惯性状态或者 动作
,
评语是三单有变化
.
非三单时为原形
.
They often get up at 7:00
he often gets up at 7:00
三单变化
,
加
s.
以字母
.o
结尾加
es.
Guess
-
guesses
以辅音
+y
结尾
,y
变为
i
再加
es. Study
-
studies.
一般现在时否定和疑问句用
do,does
He doesn't like the car.
Does he like the car?
Yes,he does/no,he doesn't
They don't like the car.
Do they like the car?
Yes,they do/no they don't
现在进行时表 示正在进行或发生的动作
,
通常有
now
等时间副词响应
,
形式为
be+Ving
They are watching TV.
He is watching TV
I am watching TV.
动词现在分词
Ving
的变化规则
:
加
ing
以不发音的
e
结尾
,
去
e
加
ing,
take
-
taking
重读闭音节
,
要双写尾字母再加
ing, cut
-
cutting
以
ie
结尾
,
变
ie
为
y
再加
ing.
Lie
-
lying.
现在进行时否定和疑问
,be
动词否定或提前
.
They aren't watching TV , are they watching TV?
He isn't watching TV.
Is he watching TV?
Am I watching TV? Yes,you are, no,you aren't.
练习
: he works very late every day
do you study English yourself? Yes,I do.
They are playing soccer now.
第二十讲
:
一般过去和过去进行式
一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态
,
过去习惯性或经常性的行为
基本结构
:
主语
+
动词过去式
+
其它
,
一般动词在动词后面加
ed ,
还有些不规则动词不规则变化
.
Play
-
played
come
-
came
he worked very hard last night.
They came here by car.
动词一般过去时变化规则
:
一般加
ed.
Play
-
played
以字母
e
结尾只加
d, like
-
liked
辅音加
y
结尾
,
变
y
为
i加
ed. Supply
-
supplied.
重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母的动词后
,
双写最后一个辅音字母
+ed plan
-
planned
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内 进行或发生的动作
.
其形式为
was/were+Ving
They were waiting for you
he was talking with his friends just now.
练习
:they went swimming yesterday.
Sam watching TV at 7:00 last night.
第二十一讲
:
将来时
一般将来时表示将来 某一时刻的动作或状态或者发生的动作与状态
,
常常和表示将来的时间状语
连用
.
如
tomorrow
next week , in the future.
助动词
will/shall+
动词原形
,
表示将来发生的事情
.
主语是
一般用
shall.
也可要以用
will.
其它
用
will.
They will go to shanghai by ship tomorrow.
We shall leave for shanghai next month.
Be going to +
动词原形用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及有迹象表明必将发生某
事
,
意为打算
:
就要
.
They are going to play football this afternoon
she is going to learn French next year.
Be+Ving
表示位置转移的动词
. Go come leave start arrive,
可用现在进行时表示将来时
They are leaving for japan
she is arriving tomorrow.
练习
:they are coming here soon ,
sam is going to learn Chinese next month.
Peter and mike will finish the job tomorrow morning.
二十二讲
:
完成时
7
……………………………………………………………最新资料推荐…………………………………………… ……
现在完成时
:have/has+PP,
动作过去发生,
已经完成
,
对现在造成影响或后果
,
动作可能还会持续
,
可
使用的时间状语为
already yet
They have already arrived in shanghai
she has played soccer for three hours.
She hasn't finished the homework yet.
过去完成时
had+P P,
表示句中的动作发生在过去之前
,
即过去的过去
,
已经完成,
对过去造成了影响
或后果
.
They had arrived in shanghai
she had played soccer for three hours
They hadn't finished the work yet.
练习
:he has stopped the car outside.
She hasn't been to shanghai yet.
Had they planned to stay here?
第二十三讲
:
动词的用法
分为四类
:
实意动词
notional verb
系动词
link verb
助动词
auxiliary verb
情态动词
model verb
1
动词有数量和时态 的变化
,
时态通常有三大时态
,
现在
,
过去
,将来
2
根据动作进行的状态可分为
:
一般时
,
进行时
,
完成时
.
使用动词时通常将
1
和
2
结合
.
如一般现在时
,
过去进行时
.
He goes to school every day
he went to hospital last night.
动词形态变化总结
:
原形
单三
现在分词
过去式
过去分词
Play
plays
playing
played
played
Have
has
having
had
had
Go
goes
going
went
gone
第二十四讲
:
情态动词
:can could may might
Can could
表示能力
,
用
be able to
代替
can/could
现在
/
过去的能力客观可能性
(c an
的可能性大
)
表
示请求和允许
但在时态里
(can
是现在
,could
是过去式
)
He can/could/is able to swim
he can/could come tomorrow
can/could I stay here?
May/might
表示可能性
,may
的可能性大
.
请求
,
允许
,might
更委婉
.
口语中常用的回答
: yes,please
no,you can't/mustn't()
禁止
,
不准
)
He may/might come here by bus
may/might I join you?
Yes,please/no,you can't/you mustn't
练习
:she could speak French before. But now she can't.
Might I come in? yes,please
第二十五讲
:
情太动词
(2) should, ought to, must(have to)
Must,have to
表示必须
,
必要
.must
表示主观多一点
,
而
have to
表示客观条件必须去做的多一点