新概念第三册第20课
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2021年02月01日 16:17
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k歌之王吉他谱-鞠躬礼仪
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新概念第三册第
20
课
New words
and
expression
生词和短语
pioneer
n.
先驱
.
开拓
,
为开路
,
作先驱者
young pioneer
少先队员
the
pioneer of the Womens Liberation Movement
妇女解放运动的先驱
a pioneer of operation
手术的开创者
-eer: volunteer
志愿者
;
engineer
工程师
; mountaineer
登山者
; auctioneer
拍卖人；竞
争者
profiteer
暴利获得者，奸商
; lord n.
对（英国）贵族的
尊称；
勋爵
lordship n.
贵族权力
,
贵族身份
lordly .
高傲的
,
贵族般地
,
有气派地
my lord
阁下（对某些贵族、法官及
主教的尊称）
the
Lord
上帝
the
House
of
Lords
上议院；
the
House
of
Commons
下议院
live
like
a
lord
过着贵族般的生活
; lord
of
creation
万物之灵；人类
; treat sb. like a lord
阔绰地款待某
人
Duke
n.
公
爵
(Duchess)
Marquis
n.(
英
国
等
的
)
侯
爵
(Marchi oness)
Count
伯爵（
Countess)(Earl n.
英伯爵
)
Viscount
n.(
英国的
)
子爵
Baron n.
男爵
(
英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位
) ,
大财主（女性为：
Baroness
）
Calais n.
加来
（法国港市）
overland adj.
陆
上的
;
横跨陆地的；
an overland route
陆上路线
to travel
overland
（作）
陆上旅行
overnight n.
头天晚上
adj.
通宵的
,
晚
上的
,
前夜的
adv.
在前一夜
,
整夜
,
昨晚一晚上
an overnight
trip
一
整
夜
的
旅
行
an
overnight
guest
过
夜
的
客
人
1
/
15
overpopulated adj.
人口过密的
,
人口过剩的
overseas adv.
海
外
adj.
外国的
,
海外的
oversea student
海外留学生
oversea
Chinese
华侨
over+
动词
（
over
表示超过）
overeat vt.
使吃过量
vi.
吃得过多
oversleep vt.(
使
)
睡过头
vi.
睡过头
,
睡得太久
overwork n.
过度工作
v.(
使
)
工作过度
overcharge v.
讨价过高
,
使
过
量
装
填
,
过
度
充
电
n.
超
载
,
过
重
的
负
担
,
过
度
充
电
overestimate vt.
评价过高
n.
估计的过高
pilot n.
飞行员
,
领
航员
,
引水员
engine n.
发动机
,
机车
,
火车头
Calais
加来
（法国北部港市）
latest adj.
最后的
,
最迟的
,
最新的
,
最近的
n.
最新消息
,
最新式样
last vi.
持续
,
支持
,
维持
Dover n.
多佛（英国东南部的港口）
Text
课文
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe
offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across
the English Channel. (1) offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.
offer
a
prize
of for
sth
因为提供奖励
Eg.
The
police
offered
a reward for any information. offer ones hand to sb. (=shake
hands
with
sb.) offer
identity
card
出示身份证
offer
a
price
($$ 300 )for sth. (the horse)
出价
award a prize
提供奖励
The
school
awarded
Merry
a
prize
for
her
good
work
.
学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽
. (2) fly across
飞越
sail
across
横渡
swim across
游过
come across
通过
遇上
碰到
eg. I came across a group of children playing.
我
碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。
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Wed
like
to
identify(
认同）
and
celebrate
women’s
success
whenever we come across it.
每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示
认同并予以颂扬。
When
sober(
adj.
头
脑
清醒
的
，
没
喝
醉
的
)he
can
come
across(
给人印象
) as an extremely pleasant and charming young
man...
没喝醉的时候，
他看上去似乎是个极为彬彬有礼、
讨人喜欢的小伙子。
Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. (1)
before
作为连词的用法：
其基本含义是在之前，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成才、还
没来得及就、就 等等含义。
作为连词的用法：
其基本含义 是在之前，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成才、还
没来得及就、就等等含义。
1
）与情态动词
can
/
could
连用，这时从句虽为肯 定形式，根
据汉语习惯译成还没来得及就，
强调从句动作发生之前主句的动作已
经发生 。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. Before
she
cold
move,
she
heard
a
loud
noise,
which
grew
to
a
terrible
roar.
2)
用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精
力多，译成才；
We had sailed four days and four nights before
3
/
15
we saw lands. We waited a long time before the train arrived.
3)
用于否定句中，
强调主 句所表达的时间、
距离短，
或花费的精力少，
译成不到就；
We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 4)
主
句含有
hardly
、
scarcely
等半否定词时，可以译成刚就，这时主句
过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用
when
替代
before; We had
hardly
/
scarcely
reached
the
school
before
/
when
the
bell
rang.
5)
有时
before
还有宁愿的意思；
Id shoot myself before I
apologized to him. 6)
用于
It be / take some time before +
句
子，这时要根据主句的时态分两种情况：
(1)
若主句为一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。
主句是肯定句译成要过很多时间才；主句是否定句译成用不了多
久就。
It will be many years before the situation improves; It
wont be long before we meet again. (2)
若主句是一般过去时，
从句也是一般过去时。
主句是肯定句译成很长时间之后才；主句是否定句译成没过多久
就。
It
was
some
time
before
I
realized
the
truth.
It
wasnt
long
before she became a brave soldier. After that it still took
seven years before they got married.
注：
主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，
before
与
until
可以互换。
It was an hour before / until the police arrived. 7
）和
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其他相似句型的区别：
(1)it
+
be
+
时间段
+
since
从句
It
is
two
years
since
we
arrived here. (2) it + be +
时间段
+ when
从句：
表示某个动作发生时，是某个时间（主句谓语 动词可以是一般过
去时，也可以是一般将来时）
It
was
Dec.
18th when
I was
born.
8) before long
和
long before
的区别：
before
long:
不久，
很快
（
before
为
prep,
long
为
n.)
在
句中常作状语，多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。
The
work
will be finished
before
long. long
before:
很
久以前
（
long
为
adv. )
可以单独使用，这时
before
为
prep.;
也可以接从句，这时为
conj.,
常与过去时或过去完成时连用，后接
从句时也可用于一般现在时。
She said that she had heard of it long before. It will
be long before he arrives.
还要很久他才能到。
(2) attempt
的用法：
attempt vt.
企图，试图；努力，尝试；
attempt sth. I did
attempt
the
last question in the exam. He has attempted a
difficult task. attempt to do sth. He attempted to lie. He
attempted to leave but was stopped. attempt doing sth. (
不如
to
do
常
见
）
He
attempted
swimming
across
the
river.
attempted adj.
（犯罪）未遂的
attempted murder / rape(
强奸）
5
/
15
/ robbery attempt. n.
企图；尝试
make an / no attempt to do
He make no attempt to carry it out. I failed in my attempt to
finish
it
in
time.
attempt
at
sth.
He
make
an
attempt
at
winning
the first prize. My first attempt at English composition was
poor. attempt on / upon sbs life
企图刺杀
He made an attempt
on the life of the President. On July 19th, 1909, in the
early
morning,
Hubert
Latham
took
off
from
the
French
coast
in
his plane the ‘Antoinette IV’. 1. at dawn at daybreak at
midnight; at
the
crack
of
dawn
2.
take
off Eg.
Ladies
and
gentlemen, our plane is to take off soon. take years off sb.
看上去年轻
Her slimming course(
减肥课
)seems to take years
off her . put years on sb.
看上去年老
Her broken marriage
put
years
on
her.
(3)off
离开动身
draw
off
撤离
（
withdraw
）
lift off (
火箭
、飞船等
)
起飞，发射，
升空
set off
出发
Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse.
动身去他的
偏远的农舍。
kick off (
在足球比赛中
)
开球
Liverpool kicked
off an hour ago. fly off
飞出，飞跑，突然跑掉
The
arrow
flew
off
and
hit
the
bull’s
eye. 箭离弦飞去
,
射
中了那靶心。
(4)take off (
产品
活动
事业
)
腾飞
In 1944, he met
Edith Piaf, and his career took off. 1944 < br>年，他结识了伊
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迪思比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。
(5)coast
海
岸
Pacific
coast
太
平
洋
海
岸
seashore, seaside
海滨
beach
海滩
沙滩
marine nature reserve
海洋自然保护区
He had travelled only
seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he
was
forced
to
land
on
the
sea. (1)when:
这里可以换成
before,
译成就，且这里有突然、忽
然之意。
Eg. We were sitting in the garden when it began to rain.
I had been working a couple of years there when I had a letter
from
him.
I
was
about
to
leave
the
room
when
the
telephone
rang.
(2) fail:
失败
,
坏了
,
失灵
(broken , stop working) Eg.
Words failed me when I met my long lost sister. fail to see
不
明白
I fail to see why you find it so amusing. But what
these people fail to see is that international tourism may
bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local
history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造
成
灾难性的影响。
(3)
be
forced
to
do
被迫做某事
make
a
forced
landing
(
航
空
)
紧急降落
force a smile
勉强一笑
force sbs hand
不得
不，被迫
eg. We
didnt
want
to
raise
our
prices,
but
the
fall
in the dollar forced our hand.
我们不想抬高物价，但是美元
7
/
15