-

2021年2月2日发(作者：金銮殿)
直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况

1
、陈述句变成间接引语

（
1
）
“
I am a teacher


She said that she was a teacher.


“
You don't tell her my telephone number


He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number.


要注意时态的变化


一般现在时变成一般过去时。


一般过去时变成过去完成时，


现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将
来时，


this
变成
that these
变成
those, here
变成
there ,today
变成
that day, yesterday
变成
the day
before, tomorrow
变成
next day, the day after
tomorrow
变成
in two days' time
，
now
变成
then
等
等。




2
、将一般疑问句变成间接引语


在这样的句子中要加
“
if
“
是否
”
的意思。


（
1)


She asked me if I was a student.
她问我是否是一位
学生。


将原来的疑问句放在
if
后面
,
但语顺变成肯定式的语

1
/
12


顺。

另外

还可以用
whether
来表示。


She asked me whether I was a student.


(2)


He asked me if I have finished my work the day
before.




3.
将特殊疑问句变成间接引语





He asked me what time it was.





He asked me when would I go to town.


在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后
面也是陈述句的语序。


注意，间接引语中的
that
可以省略。


一、如何变人称：


下面有一句顺口溜
“
一随主，二随宾 ，第三人称不更
新
”
。
“
一随主
”
是指在直接引语 变间接引语时，如果从
句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中
的人称要按照主句中 主语的人称变化如：


She
said.

brother
wants
to
go
with
me.
”→
She
said her brother wanted to go with her.


“
二随宾
”
是指直接 引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主
语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中

2
/
12


的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如 果引号外的
主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：


He
said
to
Kate.

is
your
sister
now?
→
He
asked Kate how her sister was then
。


“
第三人称不更新
”
是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果
从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修 饰
从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：


Mr.
Smith
said
。


is
a
good
worker
。

→
Mr.
Smith said Jack was a good worker
。




二、如何变时态：


直接引语在改为间接引语时、
时态需要做相应的调整。


现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过
去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：


1)
She
said.

have
lost
a
pen.
→
She
said
she
had
lost a pen


2)
She
said.

hope
so.
→
She
said
they
hoped
so.


3) She said.
。

→
She said
he would go to see his friend
。


但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引
语时，时态一般不变化。


①
直接引语是客观真理。



3
/
12



earth
moves
around
the
sun
and
the
moon
moves
around
the
earth,
the
teacher
told
me.
→

The
teacher
told
me
the
earth
moves
around
the
sun and the moon moves around the earth
。


②
直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：


Jack said.
you in the street?
→
Jack asked John where he was
going when he met him in the street.
③
直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，
变为间接引语 时，时态不变。如：


Xiao
Wang
said.

was
born
on
April
2l,
1980
。

→
Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980
。


④
直接引语 如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或
习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：


He said,
。

→
He said
he gets up at six every morning
。


⑤
如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式
（例：
ought to
，

had better, used to)
和已经是过去时的形
式时，
（例：
could, should, would, might
）
不再变。
如：


Peter
said.

had
better
come
have
today
。

→
Peter said I had better go there that day
。




三、如何变状语：



4
/
12


直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间
状
语
由
“
现
在
”
改
为
“
原
来
”
（
例
：
now
变
为
then,
yesterday
。变为

the day before
）地点 状语，尤其表
示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由
“
此
”
改为
“
彼
”
（例：
this
改为
that),
如：


He
said,

books
are
mine.
→
He
said
those
books were his.




四、如何变句型：


①
直接引语如果是陈述 句，
间接引语应改为由
that
引
导的宾语从句。如：
She
said,

bus
will
arrive
in
five minutes.
→
She said that their bus would arrive
in five minutes.


②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑
问句，间接引语应改为由
whether
或
if
引导的宾语从
句
.
如：
He said,
→
He asked
John if he could swim.



‘
t you?
mother
asked.
→
My
mother
asked
me
whether
I
had finished the homework.



→
He asked
me if I went to school by bus or by bike.


③
直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑

5
/
12


问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用
陈述句语序）
。


She asked me,
→

She asked me when they had their dinner.


④
直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为

order, beg
等
) sb (not) to do sth.
句型。如：



’
t
make
any
noise,
she
said
to
the
children.
→
She
told
(ordered)
the
children
not
to
make
any
noise.

me
a
cup
of
tea,
please,
said
she.
→
She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.


⑤
直接引语如果是以
“
Let
‘
s
”
开头的祈使句 ，变为间接
引语时，通常用
“
suggest +
动句词（或从句）
。
”
如：


He
said,

’
s
go
to
the
film.
→
He
suggested
going to the film.
或
He suggested that they should
go to see the film.


引述别人的话有两种方式：一 是使用引号引出人家的
原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话
转述出来，这叫做间 接引语。例如：


John said,
’
m going to London with my father.


约翰说：

我要和父亲到伦敦去。
（

引号内是直接引语）


John
said
that
he
was
going
to
London
with
his
father.



6
/
12

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-