-

2021年2月2日发(作者：四川高考成绩查询入口)
Junior English
















From: Constance Lee
直接引语和间接引语的讲解


直接引语
（
Direct
Speech
）
：当我们引用别 人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的
部分叫直接引语。


间接引语
（
Indirect Speech
）
：
当我们引 用别人的话语时，
也可以用自己的话把意思转
述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语 。


典型例句：
1.
She said ,” I like English very much
.
“

（直接引语）












（她说：
“我非常喜欢英语”
。
）

典型例句：
2.
She said she liked English very much
.

（间接引语）













（她说她非常喜欢英语。
）


一、直接引语与间接引语的转化

A.
陈述句的间接引语





直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成 一个
that
引导的宾
语从句，
引述动词通常是
say
, tell
等。
与此同时，
间接引语中的人称、
时态和其他方
面也要相 应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。





例
1
）
J
ohn said,
“I’ve been late again.”








→
John said that he had been late again.

例
2
）
She said ,
”
We are very fond of sports.
”









→ She said that they were very fond of sports.


B.
疑问句的间接引语

1
．一般疑问句





一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词
if
或

whether
，其主
句动词常用
ask, wonder, want to know
, didn't know
等。句末不用问号。





例
1
）
My teacher asked me,
“
Do you like American country music
?”









→ My teacher asked me if
/whether I liked American country music.

重要提示：


if

和
whether
一般可通用，但

whether
可以和
or not
连用，
if
不能。


例：

I asked her whether she had visited
the museum two days before or not.





2.
反意疑问句

反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句 ，即句型为陈述句，在句
子前面加
if
或
whether
，往往后面 还要加上
or not
，
常用
whether……or not.




例
1
）
She cried, ”You have made
a big mistake, haven
’
t you ?
”

→
She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not.




3
．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句




如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用
whether……
or not
连接。


1
Junior English
















From: Constance Lee




例
1
）
She said, Don't you know my telephone number







→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number
or not.





例
2
）
Do you like this one or that one Tom asked.








→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one.





4
．特殊疑问句




间接引语为特 殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从
句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语 动词常用
ask
。




例
1
）
He asked,
“
How do you like it
?”








→ He asked
me how I liked it.




例
2
）
She asked me,
“
What's the matter with you
?”









→ She asked me what was the matter with me.




例
3
）
”
How many books do you have
?”
she asked.







→ She asked me how many books I had.


C.
祈使句的间接引语





1
．
直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语< br>+
谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语（动词不定式）
。引述动 词可根据口气选用
tell, ask, order, command,
request
等词，句中
please
去掉。




例
1
）
She said to me,
“
Please have a rest.
“








→

She asked me to have a rest.
例
2
）
”
Don't all answer at once
”
, she said to the pupils.
→

She told the pupils not to answer all at once.





2
．
带有
let
的祈使句
（表示请求，
建议或命令）
，
可用
suggest + -ing
形式
或
suggest
+that
从句来表示其相应的意思。




例
1
）
”
Let's go for a walk
”
, said the girl.






→

The girl suggested going for a walk.



例
2
）
The teacher said,
“
Let Lily tidy the classroom.
”



→

The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom.


D.
感叹句的间接引语




1
．
直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，
多采用宾语从 句结构，
既可用
what
或
how
引导，也可用
that< br>引导。



例
1
）
”
What a clever boy you are!
” M
y teacher said to him.







→ My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.


→ My teacher told him that h
e was a very clever boy.




例
2
）
She said,” How interesting the film is !”







→ She said that how interesting the film was.





2
．有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的 动词变为陈述句，不需用间接
宾语来转述。




例
1
）

“
Help!
“
he cried.








→ He called for help.


2
Junior English
















From: Constance Lee


例
2
）
”
Happy Christmas!
”
he said.









→
He wished me a happy Christmas.





E.
“
Would you please
„„
?
“

如何变为间接引语




“
Would you please
„„
? < br>“
虽然是个一般疑问句，但它表示的是
”
请求
”
,
变 为间接
引语时，一般用动词不定式来表示。




句型
：主语
+ ask / invite +
宾语
+
不定式




例
1
）
”
Would you please have lunch with me tomorrow ?
”
Mr Zhou asked me.
→
Mr Zhou asked / invited me to have lunch with him the next day.


二、间接引语中的词语变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称 代词、物主代词、指
示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。

A.

时态的变化

直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若 是过去时，间接引语的时态要
变为相应的过去时态。


直接引语中的时态

间接引语中的时态

一般现在时

一般过去时

一般过去时、
现在完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时

过去完成时（不变）

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在进行时

过去进行时

现在完成进行时

过去完成进行时

shall
should
should
should
（不变）

will
would
would
would
（不变）

may
might
might
might
（不变）

can
could
could
could
（不变）


例
1
）
She said ,” I like maths very much.”

(
一般现在时
)
→
She said that she liked maths very much.

(
一般过去时
)


例
2
）
He said, “ I’ve never seen this man .”

（现在完成时）

→
He said that he had never seen that man.


（过去完成时）


例
3
）
Joe said ,” I’m listening to music in my room.”



（现在进行时）




→ Joe said that he was listening to music in his room.


（过去进行时）




3
Junior English
















From: Constance Lee
重要提示
1
：当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转 化为间接引语时时态不变，并
且要使用一般现在时。如：

例
1
）
He asked, “ which star is the biggest ?”

→
He asked which star is the biggest .
例
2) The teacher told us ,
”
The earth goes around the sun.
”

→
The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.

重要提示
2
：当直接引语有确定的过去时间时，时态不需变化。

例
1
）
Chloe said,
”
The story took place in the 1930s.
”

→
Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s.




B.
时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化


直接引语中的状语、指示代词

today
yesterday
tomorrow
next week/month/year
„„

last week/month/year
ago
three/four/
„„
years ago
in 2008
now
so far
here
this
these
the day before yesterday
前天

the day after tomorrow
后天


间接引语中的状语、指示代词

that day
当天

the day before
前一天

the next day/ the following day

第二天

the next week/month/year
„„

the week/month/year
„„
before
before
three/four/
„„
years before
in 2008 (
不变
)
then
那时

by then
there
that
those
two days before

两天前

in two days
’
time/ two days after
两天后




C.
方向性动词的变化

在直接引语变为间接引语时，表示方向性的动词
bring, come
应变为
take , go
。

例
1
）
My sister asked me ,”Could you bring the chairs upstairs ?”





→
My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.

特别提示：


当 某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时，尽管远离双方，在间接引语中依然用
bring,
come
.

1
）
Lisa said that she’d like me to come to the party.


（
the party

为说话的中心）

例
例
2
）
Terence asked me if I could bring my DV Camera on the trip.

(the trip
为说话的中心
)




4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-