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2021年2月2日发(作者：如何提高自己的语言表达能力)
直接引语和间接引语的用法





直接引用别 人的原话叫直接引语。
用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
直接引语要加引号。
间< br>接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语变间接引语时，句中的人称、动词时态、指示代词、某 些
状语等都要视说话的实际情况作相应的变化。例如：





She said,“I will come this evening.”





She said that she would go that evening.





She said,“Where are you going”





She asked me where I was going.





陈述句变为间接引语时应注意的几个问题


若直接引 语是陈述句，其变间接引语时，应把直接
引语变成由
that
引导的宾语从句。从句之 前常用
say
、
tell
等动词。除了人称上相应变化外，还应注
意 如下几点。



一、主句与从句时态一致的原则

1)< br>如果主句时现在的某种时态，
（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时）
，那么宾语 从句的时态
可根据实际情况而定。如：
He says he has returned my book to me.

2)
主句中的动词时态如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词时态要做如下变化：






直接引语









间接引语

一般现在时







一般过去时





现在进行时







过去进行时





现在完成时







过去完成时





一般过去时







过去完成时

过去完成时







过去完成时





一般将来时







过去将来时





例如：





He said,“I have left my book in your room.”





He told me that he had left his book in my room.





他告诉我他把书丢在我房间里了。





He said,“I am busy.”





He said that he was busy.





他说他很忙。





Betty said,“I'll be waiting for your call.”





Betty said that she would be waiting for my call.





贝蒡说她将等候我的电话。





2)
在下列情况下，变间接引语时，时态不发生如上相应变化：





①
直接引语中，
如果表示过去的时间状语用来表示事态发生或存 在的具体时间，
变间接引语时，
其谓语动词仍用一般过去时；例如：





Mr Brown said,“I flew to London in 1981.”





Mr Brown said that he flew to London in 1981.





②
直接引语中的过去完成
(
进行
)
时 ，在间接引语中时态不变；例如：





He said,“My brother had been a worker for two years before he came here.”





He said that his brother had been a worker for two years before he came here





③
间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍继续进行或存在时，其时态不变；例 如：





“I am forty.”he said.





He said that he is forty.





④
转述习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时，其时态不变；例如：





He said,“China is in Asia.”





He said that China is in Asia.





⑤
引述动词为现在时，间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态；例如：





He says,“I have accepted her invitation.”





He says that he has accepted her invitation.





⑥
如果直接引语用虚拟语气，变间接引语时，仍用原来的动词形式；例如：





“I insist that you give up smoking,”said the doctor.





The doctor insisted that he give up smoking.





⑦
如果直接引语中有无过去时形式的情态动词，如
must,ought to
等，变间接引语时，

可用原来形式，也可用其他形式；例如：





He said,“All men must die.”





He said that all men must die.(
表示必然
)





He said,“You must be fond of music.”





He said that I must be fond of music.(
表示推测
)

⑧
如果直接引语是以
would like
作谓语的特殊疑问句，间接引语中
would like
不变；





如果直接引语是一般疑问句，
like
之 后接动名词或名词作宾语，间接引语中
would
like
也不变；
例如：





He asked,“What else would you like”





He asked what else I would like.





He said,“Would you like a cup of tea”





He asked if I would like a cup of tea.





⑨
时间状语从句中的一般过去时或过去进行时，在间接引语中保持不变；例如：





John said,“When I lived in New York, I often saw Jane.”





John said when he lived in New York he often saw(had often seen) Jane.





3)
直接引语变间接引语时，有关的指示代词、地点及时间状语也作如下相应改变：




直接引语

















间接引语

This




















that

These



















those

ago





















before





now





















then





today



















that day





tonight

















that night





thi
s week(month…)







that week(month…)





tomorrow
















the next day; the following day





yesterday















the day before





last week(month…)







the week(month…) before





next week(month…)







the next week(month…);the fol
lowing week





the day before yesterday two days before





the day after tomorrow


two days after





here




















there





She said,“I'll come here again tonight.”





She said that she would go there that night.





She said,“I arrived yesterday morning.”





She said that she had arrived the morning before.





4)
在特定的情况下，时间及地点状语也可不变。





①
表示具体年、月、日。例如：





Mary said,“My parents arrived on April 24,1990.”





Mary told me that her parents arrived on April 24,1990.





②
说话和引述正好好在同一天、同一星期或同一月。例如：





He said,“My brother is leaving for Hongkong tomorrow.”





He told me that his brother was leaving tomorrow.(
说话和引述都在同一天
)





③
如果说话人所在的地点就是引述人所在的地点，那么
here
不 再变成
there
。例如：





“I live here,”he said.





He said he lived there.(
引述时地点改变
)





He said he lived here.(
引述时地点未变
)






疑问句变为间接引语时应注意的几个问题





疑问句变为间接引语时，
除了注意动词的时态、
人称代词、
指示代 词以及时间和地点状语变化外，
还要注意词序的变化。例如：





He asked,“Who is he”





He asked who he was.





疑问句种类不同，变间接引语时也不同。

1)

1
)
一般疑问句变间接引语时，要把原疑问句变成由
whether
或
if
引导的宾语从句。例如：





He said,“Are you ready”





He asked me if I was ready.





He asked me,“Do you know Smith”





He asked me whether I knew Smith.





2)
有的这类问句徒具形式，实际上并非提出问题，只是表示一种委婉的请求或提出建

议、劝告等。引述这种句子时，通常用
“ask(
或
advise)+
宾语
+
不定式
”
结构；或用

“suggest +
动名词
”
结构来表示某种请求或劝告。





He said to the stranger,“Will you

show me the way to the theatre”





He asked the stranger to show him the way to the theatre.





“Shall we listen to the music”





He suggested listening to the music.





3)
反意疑问句变间接引 语时，通常也变成由
whether
或
if
引导的宾语从句。例如：





“They study in No. 20 Middle School,don't they”





He asked whether they studied in

Middle School.





“You have already got well, haven't you”she asked.





She asked if I(
或
he) had already got well.

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