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2021年2月2日发(作者：数学课题结题报告)



Unit1
语法核心突破
:

直接引语变间接引语


定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；

用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。

这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在 引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用
连接词与主句联接

一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化

1.


陈述句变为以

that
引导的宾语从句

例：



He said, “I'm very glad.”


→
He said











he was very glad.

2.

一般疑问句变为
if (whether)
引导的宾语从句。

例：


He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”


→He asked












John could come that afternoon.
3.
特殊疑问句变为由
who, what, when
，
why, where
等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句

例

:





He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?”








→


He asked where Mr. Wang was.











Tom says to me,


“
what food
do you like best”
.







→


Tom asks me











food I like best
4.
祈使句变间接引语时，要变成
ask/ tell/order sb
（
not
）
to do sth
。

Our parents told us“Learn English well!”
我们的父母告诉我们：
“
把英语学好啊！
”





Our parents told us












English well.
我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。

The teacher said to me,
“Don’t read that novel!”


The teacher asked/ told me


























that novel.

Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!”
父母告诉我们：
“
不要做错事！
”

Our parents told us never to do wrong.

我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。


1



二、

人称的变化

【点拨】
人称的变化一般遵循
“
一同主，二随宾，三不变
”
这一原则

例如：


“
I
went to the Great Wall yesterday,”

Li Hua
said.

→


Li Hua said that
he
had gone to the Great Wall the day

before.
“
I’
ll come to help
you
whenever you need my help,
” he
answered
her
.
→




He answered her that
he
would come to help
her
whenever she needed his help.
She said to
me,

“
Your
pronunciation is better than his.”

→


She told me that
my
pronunciation was better than his.
三、时态变化


主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，
从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，
总的原则是向过去
推一个时态

时态的变化

一般现在时
→

一般过去时

现在进行时
→

过去进行时

一般将来时
→
过去将来时

例句

She said, “I need a calculator.”

→
She said that she needed a calculator.
Jim said, “I’m expecting a long distance call.”


→
Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.
Nancy said, “I’ll call again later.”

→


Nancy said that she would call again later.
一般过去时
→
过去完成时

He said, “I took it home with me.”

→He said that he had taken it home with him.

现在完成时
→
过去完成时

Paul said,

“Our team has won the match.”

→
Paul said that their team had won the match.
过去完成时
→
过去完成时




四、

指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化


2
He sa
id, “I had finished my homework before supper.”

→
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.


指

示

代

词

变化形式

this→that

例句

She said, “She is coming this week.”

→She said that she was coming that week.

He said, “These books are mine.”

→He said those books were his.

He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”

→He said that it was ten o’clock then.

He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”

→He said that he hadn’t seen her that
day.
She said, “I’ll come again tonight.”

→She said that she would go again that night.

He said, “This happened yesterday.”

→He said that
this had happened the day before.
She said, “I arrived two days ago.”

→She said that she had arrived two days before.

She said, “
I
”ll be back tomorrow.”

→
She said that he would be back the next day.
She said, “I’ll do it next week.”

→
She said that she would do it the next week.
these→those

now→then


时


间



状



语


Threedays ago→three days before

tomorrow→
the next day
the following day
next week→the next week

地

点

状

语

动

词



【拓展延伸】




直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况

come/bring→go/take

here→there

yesterday→the day before

tonight→that night

today→that day

She said, “
I
came here to see Tom.”

→
She said that he had gone there to see Tom.
He said, “I brought it home with me.”

→He said he had taken it ho
me with him.

①

主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：


3




He says, “I’m tired.”




→He says that he is tired.




He will say, “The boy was lazy.”




→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.

②

当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。

Our geogr
aphy teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”

→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.

③

直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变

She said, “I was born

in 1995.”

→
She said that she was born in 1995.
【典型例题】

（
1
）
Can you tell me_______?




A. what the matter is


B. what matter it is


C. what’s the matter



D. the matter is what
（
2
）
The physics teacher said the earth ____around the sun.






A. is moving








B. moved









C. had moved







D. moves
【语法专练】

1.

Mother asked the youngest kid____with his car.
A. what the matter





















B. What was the matter
C. what the matter is



















D. what is the matter
2. The tourist asked the guide what he____visit the next day.
A. was going to







B. will









C. is going in







D. is to
3. The teacher told us that light____





faster than sound.
A. traveled












B. had traveled

C. is traveling







s
4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he____born in 1968.
A. was















B. had been




C. is















D. has been
5. Linda asked Amy_____


she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.
A. that















B. whether





C. what













D. how
6.
My brother said to me, “I’m going to have a holiday next week.”



My brother ____

_________ __________ _________going to have a holiday the next week.

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