冠词的用法详解
傻笑着读完心理学-
冠词的用法详解
英语中冠词分为定冠词
the
和不定
冠词
a/an
两种。冠词一般不单独使用，往往放在名词前
面，表示不同的意义。
一：
a
和
an
区别
A
用于辅音前，
an
< br>用于元音前。特别注意的是
an
用于元音因素（发音）而
不是字母前。
1.
拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词
hour,
honest,
hon
or
等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母
h
开
头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，
前面要用
an
。可熟记下面这句话：
An hour ago,
an honest man accepted an honorable task. (
一小时前，一位诚实的人接受了一项
光荣的任务。
)
2.
拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词
useful, university, usual, European,
united, one-eyed, one-way
等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开
头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用
a
。可熟记下面这句话：
In a
university, a European and a one-eyed man walk
along a one-way road with a usual tool. This
is a usual thing. (
在一所大学里，
有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道
行走，这
是件平常的事。
)
如：
Five years ago her brother was ________
university student of ________ physics.
(
上海卷
)
A. a; the
B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /
【分析】答案选
D
。因为
university
是以辅音
[j]
开头的要用
a
，排除
B
和
C
；
physics
是学科名
词，前面不用冠词。
3.
英文字母前用
a
还是用
an
的问题
在
26
个英文字母中，
A [ei], e [i], f [ef],
h [eitf] I [ai], l[el] m [em] , n [en] o [ou]
r[a] s[es]x [eks]
等
12
个字母的读音是以元音开头的，因此前面要用
an
。其
余字母则是以辅音开头的。如：
Please pay
attention to your spelling. You have dropped
________
”
m
”
here. (
全国卷
)
A. an B. the C. / D. a
There
is a
“
u
’
,an
‘
m
’
and a
‘
p
’
in the word
“
jump:.
精选
【分析】答案选
A
。因为字母
m
的发音是以元
音
[e]
开头的，
所以用
an
；
这里的
an
的意义与
one
相当，表示“一个”。
an NBA star
一个篮球明星
an
MIT student.
一个麻省理工的学生
二：不定冠词的用法
1
：表示“一个”与“
one
”相同
Rome
wasn
’
t built in a day.
He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it
and smiled.
2:
与专有名词连用，表示“某一”
。“一个叫
----
的人”。
The little boy wants to be a Le Feng.
A professor from Qinghua University
will give us a lecture.
A Mr smith is
waiting for you at the school gate.
3
：表示“每一”相当于
per
，用于某些表
示时间、重量、长度等的单位前。
500 dollars
a day , four times a day , twice a day ,8 hours a
day
We go swimming four times a week.
4: a +most
表示“非常”。
Though it
is a most interesting book in these books ,it is
not the most interesting one.
This is a
most troublesome case.
5:
a+
序数词，表示“再一”、“又一”
You can try it a second time if you
fail
When I sat down a fifth man rose
to speak.
6:a(n)+
名词，作表语表职业。
He is a professor .
She is a
engineer.
但是
He turned
sailor after he grew up.= He became a sailor after
he grew up
7
：表示“同一”“相同”，等于“<
/p>
the same
”
精选
They are of an
age.=They are of the same age.
Birds of
a feather flock together
The two shirts
are much of a size.
8:
在感叹句中
What a splendid performance it is .
How serious a problem it is .
9:
在
so, as ,too
,how+
形容词之后
He is
so famous a poet that he is admired by others
It is as fine a day as I have ever
spent,
It is too difficult a book for
you to read .
He
doesn
’
t know how precious a
thing it is.
10:
在
half, many ,
quite ,rather
之后
Half
a
dozen
of
apples
,
many
a
flower
,quite
a
good
idea
,rather
a
clever
boy
,such
a
funny
expression
He is quite a
good actor.
Don't be in such a hurry.
11:
第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who
had a very beautiful daughter.
12;
表示一类人和东西
A tiger
can be dangerous.
A teacher must love
his students.
A bad workman quarrels
with his tools.
A dog is a faithful
animal.=Dogs are faithful animals.
13:
物质名词的具体化，
The people in China like tea and green
tea is a wonderful tea.
精选
We don
’
t have
much rain here ,but last night we had a heavy
rain.
Please give me a coffee .( a cup
of coffee)
14:
抽象名词的具体化
The sports meet was a great success.
It is an honour to be invited to the
party.
Reading is a pleasure for me.
15
：世界上独一无二的东西前有修饰语时：
We hope we can see a full moon
tonight.
China hopes to see a peaceful
and friendly world in the 21st century.
16:
在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐前有修饰语时：
We had a very cold winter last year.
This happened on a cold night.
We had a wonderful lunch at that party.
17:
首次提到的单数可数名词前
There is a man and an animal at the
gate.
18:
某些固定短语中：
a great/good deal of ,a good many of ,a
number of ,a lot of ,as a result of ,all of a
sudden ,get in a
word ,have a cold ,go
for a walk, in a hurry ,after a while ,once in a
while ,as a matte of fact ,once
upon a
time ,have a word with ,one at a time ,a waste of
三：使用定冠词的情况：
1
：表示特定的人或物
The book on the desk is mine.
The girl in blue is my sister.
2:
上文提到的人或物前面
I bought a shirt yesterday .The shirt
was very beautiful
精选
They have a son and a daughter .The
song is a lawyer and the daughter is a nurse.
3:
表示谈话人双方都知道的人或物
Jack
，
close the
window please.
The manager is in the
office.
3
：用于单数可数名词前表示类别，相当于不
定冠词表示类别
A lion is a
dangerous animal.=The lion is a dangerous
animal.=Lions are dangerous animals.
5:
在表示整个类别的名词前
The tiger is in danger of dying out.
The lion is more fierce than the wolf.
6:
在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前，但是前面有修饰语
时可以用不定冠词
The sun
/moon/star/earth/world/sky /universe/sea
The moon cast a shadow on the wall.
A bright moon hangs over the garden.
7:
在表示方向、方位的名词前
In the east/west/south/north. On the
right/left ,in the middle
The wind is
blowing from the east.
Turn (to the
)left, and you will find the cinema.
8:
在表示自然现象的名词前
The weather/climate /wind.
但是
nature
前不用冠词
The farmers are complaining about the
weather.
9:
用于形容词之前表示一类人或物
The poor/sick/rich/wounded/dead/deaf/bl
ind/public/living /young
The rich are
not always happier than the poor.
Soon
he would be among the unemployed.
You
can
’
t expect them to do the
impossible.
精选
10:
表示乐器、娱乐场所名词前
I like playing the
piano/violin/flute/guitar.
I used to go
the cinema/concert/theater/party.
11:
表示某项发明单数名词前
The compass was invented in China
2000years ago.
Who invented the
telephone?
12:
用于序数词或形容词最高级前
The earliest coins in the world were
used in China.
He is always the first
to come to school.
13:
在
only, same
,right ,very
之前
just
之后
He was the only person
invited to the ball in the office.
Don
’
t make the
same mistake again.
比较：
This is the
very book that I
’
m eager to
read.
This is just the book that
I
’
m eager to read.
14
：用在复数的姓氏前表示一家人或者夫妇
The Jones will come to the party
tonight.
The smiths love animals.
15
：与民族、国籍的名词连用指全体
The Chinese are a hardworking people.
The English
‘
re
proud of their sense of humour.
16:
在“越来越”的结构中
The more he has ,the more he wants.
The more learned he is ,the more modest
he is.
17
：用在世纪或者逢十进位的复数年代前
精选
In
the 19th century, in the 1980s,in the
1980
’
s
18
：在抓打人体某部位名词前
Pat/strike/hit sb on the
head/nose/shoulder/back
Take
/catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar/sleeve
19:
在表示剂量的名词前
By the
dozen/ton/pound/month/day/week/hour
By
dozens /hundreds/inches
但是，
by weight/volume,
按重量、体积计算不用
the
20
：用于特指的不可数名词前
Did you take the advice that he gave
you about the matter?
The air in the
room is fresh.
21:
用于江、河、湖、海、
洋、运河等专有名词前
the Yangtze River
.the West Lake ,the Red sea the Atlantic Ocean
.the Panama Canel
22:
用于山脉群岛等
专有名词前，但是孤岛孤山前不用冠词
the Alps,
the Philipines , Mount Tai
23:
用于表示海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前
The
Taiwan Straits, the English Channel, the Sahara
Desert
24:
含有普通名词的专有名词前
the People
’
s
Republic of China, the United Stated of American
25:
表示公共建筑的专有名词前
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the
children
’
s palace
26
：用于阶级、党派、组织机构等专有名词前
the United
Nations
，
the Chinese
Communist Party
27:
报纸、杂志、会议、
条约、历史事件、时期、朝代前
the Times
the xi
’
an
Incident the Middle Ages
the Ming Dynasty/period the Atlantic
Pact
大
精选