英语中冠词的用法归纳总结

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2021年02月06日 17:25
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英语冠词用法归纳总结


+n. Article.


一、零冠词



1.


不用冠词的情况



(


1


)专有名词、物质名词、人名、地名等名词前,一 般不加冠词。



China , America

< p>
(


2


)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所 有格等限制时,不加冠词。



This dictionary is mine.


(


3


)季节、月份 、星期、西方节假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。



March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day



Have you had supper?


Spring is the best season of the year.


(


4


)称呼语表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。< /p>



What’s this, Father? We made him our chairman.



Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.


(


5


)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。



Do you study physics?


He likes playing football/chess.


(


6


)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词 。



They are peasants/ workers.


(


7


)在与


by


连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。



by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land


但:


take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus


需注意。



(

< br>8


)某些固定词组中不用冠词。



①名词词组中:



husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork


②介词词组中:



to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,at, from)univer sity


(


college


)


,to


(


in,


into, from


)


church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out


of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by


car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot


注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。



in hospital


住院(因病)



in the hospital


在医院(工作、参观等)



in front of


在前面,指某物体之外



in the front of


在前部,指某物之内



in charge


负责,主管


out of question


没问题



in the charge


由……负责


out of the question


不可能





二、定冠词


the


1


)


定冠词的使用情况


< /p>


(


1


)使用定冠词的一般情况。



①特指或第二次提到。



②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。



I have already had 3 cans of beer, but I still want to have a fourth(


又一,再一


)


one.


(


2


)定冠词使用特殊的场合。



① He hit him in the face.



beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head


② the rich, the poor,


the wounded


富人,穷人,伤员



③ the elder of the two,


the more beautiful of the two


两者中较年长的一位,较漂


亮的一个



④ The sooner, the better.越快越好。



⑤ He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。



by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year…



但:


by weight


按重量



⑥ in the


1950s /in the 1870s


(表示年代)



⑦ the


Smiths/the Whites


(表示一家人或夫妇俩)



⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distan ce/middle/country/rain



⑨ tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home



⑩ 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,



它与定冠词连用:



She is fond of music./ Good advice is beyond price.


He is playing the music written by Beethoven.


I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.



2


)定冠词使用范围回顾:



定冠词


the


与指示代词


this


,


that


同源,有



那(这)个



的意思, 但较弱,可以和一个名


词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。



1


)特指双方都明白的人或物:





Take the medicine.


把药吃了。




2


)上文提到过的人或事:





He bought a house.


I've been to the house.





他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。




3


)指世上独一物二的事物:




the sun


,


the sky


,


the moon


,


the earth



4


)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:


the dollar


美元


;


the fox


狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:


the rich


富人


; the living


生者。




5


)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词


only


,


very


,


same


等前面:





Where do you live?


I live on the second floor.


你住在哪?我住在二层。


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