度米作文汇编之2018医学考博英语作文预测附范文及例句1-3
蓝玫瑰的含义-
度米作文汇编之
2018
医学考博英语作
文预测附范文及例句
1-3
【第一篇】
【
p>
“
健康老龄化
”
】
successful ageing / aging
healthy ageing
/ aging
老龄化,写成
ageing(
英式英
语
)
和
aging(
美式英语
)
都可以。在
写作中
,请大家统一用其中的一种拼法,不要在同一篇作文里面出现
两种拼法。
“
健康老龄化
”
,国际上最专业的提法是
successful ageing
,大家
写成
healthy ageing
也是可以的,国外很多针对老年人的保健养生网
站都是用
healthy
ageing
,但是世卫组织的官方提法是
successful
ageing
。
关键词破解:
“
老人
”
用英语怎么说
?
older
adults
senior citizens
old population
the
aged
the old
old people(
该表达正确
,但是不建议,太业余
)
下面就健康老龄化这个主题,从原因及现状、内涵与定义、目
的
与举措这三个方面给大家总结了实用表达和万能句。
【
老龄化的原因及现状】
1. the
population in china is ageing rapidly.
这是
“
中国人口正在迅速老龄化
”
之最最言简意赅、举重若轻的
写法。一定要学会。
2. people
all over the world are living longer, but their
chances
of spending these later years
in good health and well-being vary
within and between
countries.
前半句描述现象,后半句顺势指出问题。行云流水大抵如此。
3. the
substantial increases in life expectancy at birth
achieved
over the previous century,
combined with medical advances,
escalating health and social care
costs, and higher expectations for
older age, have led to international
interest in how to promote a
healthier
old age and how to age “successfully.”
几个名词短语并列起来作句子主语
,一下子就把人口老龄化的原
因总结得太凝练了有木有
!
4. for
too many, old age brings a high risk of social
isolation
and poverty, with limited
access to affordable, high-quality health
and social services.
5. strong
public policies are thus needed to ensure that
positive
trends can be sustained and
the benefits of a longer life can extend
to everyone regardless of where they
live or the socioeconomic
group they
belong to.
6. for older adults, life was no longer
based on ego or
endeavors. life was
different.
这个句子可以用在作文的最后一句,意犹未尽,回味无穷。
7. today, older
adults are experiencing on average better
overall health, lower disability rates,
and greater economic security
than
previous generations, due in part to key national
programs
such as social security,
medicare and medicaid. however, older
adults often encounter challenges to
their physical, mental,
cognitive, and
social health.
此句条理清楚、逻辑严谨,想卖弄实力写长难句的学霸必背。
【
健康老龄化的定义】
1. never has
there been such a spotlight on older adults, and
we can use this moment to redefine what
it means to experience
healthy aging in
china.
< br>这是一个很棒的过渡句,用于老龄化的原因和现状后,定义之前,
无缝衔接,自然
过渡。
2. successful aging refers to physical,
mental and social well-
being in older
age.
这句话简单实用好操作,学霸学渣都要收
!
3. recent
studies emphasize the importance of adaptation and
emotional well-being in successful
aging. new data suggests that
for most
senior citizens, subjective quality of life is
more important
than the absence of
disease and other objective measures relating
to physical and mental
health.
4. there are a few investigations into
older people's views of
what is
successful ageing. their definitions include
mental,
psychological, physical, and
social health; functioning and
resources; life satisfaction; having a
sense of purpose; financial
security;
learning new things; accomplishments; physical
appearance; productivity; contribution
to life; sense of humour; and
spirituality.
面版本的
“
健康老龄化
”
定义。
5.
additionally, recent studies have shown that for
most senior
citizens, subjective
quality of life is strongly tied with psychosocial
protective traits such as resilience,
optimism, and mental and
emotional
status.
【
健康老龄化的目的与举措】
1. therefore,
all sectors must be engaged in planning for the
opportunities of a growing population
of older adults to ensure
people are
not only adding years to life, but life to
years.
2. one important outcome of the
conference was the
administration's
announcement of the evelopment of a report to
advance healthy aging with a national
strategy.
3. the strategy’s aim is to increase
the length of people’s lives
and ensure
their lives are healthy and productive.
此句地道实用有好记,必收。
4. the vision of the
strategy is working together to improve the
health and quality of life for
individuals, families, and communities
by moving the country from a mindset
focused on sickness and
disease to one
based on prevention and wellness.
学会了吗,提到
< br>“
目的、目标
”
不要老是用
goal
,试试
vision
。
vision
是什么意思
?vision
就是
p>
“
愿景
”!
5. a person's
ability to interact with others has been
consistently viewed as vitally
important to successful aging.
6. many
researchers have believed that social
relationships
have become the single
most important factor in measuring a
person's psychological well-being or
happiness.
7. these healthy aging actions were
identified based on a
review of the
scientific literature and consultation with
experts in the
fields of aging and
public health, as well as experts from medical
fields.
【第二篇】
请大家在
50
分钟之内,按医学博士英语统考作文部分的要求完
成下面
的作文。
part v writing (20%)
directions: in
this part there is an essay in chinese. read it
carefully and then write a summary of
200 words in english on the
answer
sheet. make sure that your summary covers the
major
points of the passage.
滥用抗生素的危害
抗生素滥用已成为世界范围内公共卫生领域的重大问题。除污
染
环境、威胁人体健康外,因产生耐药性而出现的
“
超级细菌
”
,是目前<
/p>
最令人担心的问题。
开发一个新药一般需要
10
p>
年左右时间,而一代耐药菌的产生往
往只需要两年。抗生素滥用情况
加重,最终会导致
“
超级细菌
”
横行。
按照目前耐药情况的发展趋势,我国很有可能成为最先陷入超级
细菌
频生、最终无抗生素可用境地的国家之一。因为细菌变异速度太快,
一些国家不得不通过政府出资来推动解决这一问题。
专家说,尽管地表水中抗生素的浓度比医用剂量低得多,但长
期
不间断地排放,会污染地下水和土壤,进而污染食物。人和动物置身
< br>其中,很可能感染耐药菌。
有关资料显示,截至
2017
年我国
7
岁以下儿童因为不合理使
用
抗生素造成耳聋的数量多达
30
万人,占耳聋儿童总数的
30%
~<
/p>
40%
,
而一些发达国家却只占
0.9%
。
据调查,农村是抗生素滥用的重灾区,不论是养殖业还是医疗
用
药,都普遍存在盲目使用抗生素的问题。滥用抗生素会损伤肝肾,产
< br>生不良反应,导致人体菌群失调免疫力下降。
一般说来,滥用抗生素有四大危害。
第一,毒副作用。
是药三分毒,应严格遵照医嘱服药,切不可盼复心切,擅自加
大
抗菌药物
(
包括抗生素和人工合成的抗菌药,如氟哌酸
)
的药量,否
则很可能损伤神经系统、肾脏、血液系统。尤其是对肝肾功能出现
异
常的患者,更要慎重。需要强调的是,一般来说,轻度上呼吸道感染
< br>选用口服抗生素即可,但很多人却选择了静脉输液,这无形中也增加
了出现副作用
的风险。
第二,过敏反应。
多发生在具有特异性体质的人身上,其表现以过敏性休克最为
严
重。青霉素、链霉素都可能引发,其中青霉素最常见也更为严重。过
< br>敏反应严重时可能致命。
第三,二重感染。
当用抗菌药物抑制或杀死敏感的细菌后,有些不敏感的细菌或
霉
菌却继续生长繁殖,造成新的感染,这就是
“
二重感染
”
。这在长期滥<
/p>
用抗菌药物的病人中很多见。因此治疗困难,病死率高。
第四,耐药
由于细菌的进化永远不会停止,因而对任何抗生素都会有产生
耐
药性的可能。抗菌药物的滥用正让我们付出巨大的代价,药品不良反
< br>应、药源性疾病大量增加,越来越多的细菌对抗药品的能量不断增大,
例如幽门螺
旋杆菌,对喹诺酮类药品的耐药性,已经升至百分之八十
二。而且由于药物长期刺激,使
一部分致病菌产生变异、成为耐药菌
株。这种耐药性既会被其他细菌所获得,也会遗传给
下一代。
“
超级
细菌
< br>”
很大程度上就是抗菌药物滥用催生出来的。如果这种情况继续
恶化下去,很可能使人类面临感染时无药可用的境地。
第一,关于作文的标题,记住两点:
如果中文原文有标题,那我们的作文也应该拟一个对应的英文
标
题
;
英文标题中,除了介词,其他所有单词都应首字母大写。
之前给大家预测的抗生素滥用这篇文章的中文标题是
“
滥用抗生
素的危害
”
,那么用英文我们可以写成:
hazards of antibiotic
abuse
这个标题中,
hazards
也可以写成
dangers
。
到了考场上,遇到关键词不会写也不要慌,要想办法变通,<
/p>
abuse(
滥用
)
这个词不会,用
overuse(
过度使用
)
来替代,确实意思有
偏差,比较勉强,但是如果我
们
overuse
的在后面追加一个
misuse(<
/p>
乱用
)
,即
overuse and misuse
联手,大体上也敌得过
abuse
了。
第二,下面,就抗生素滥用
(antibiotic
abuse)
这个主题,从定义、
现状、原因、
危害、举措这个五个方面为大家整理了实用的、可套用
的句子。这些句子全部选自主流外
媒,严谨、地道。
定
义
antibiotic
misuse, sometimes called antibiotic abuse or
antibiotic overuse, refers to the
misuse or overuse of antibiotics,
with
potentially serious effects on health.
it is a
contributing factor to the development of
antibiotic
resistance, including the
creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria,
informally called
multiple
antibiotics and cause life-threatening
infections.
现
状
antibiotic
resistance is one of the world's most pressing
health
problems. according to a recent
survey, up to one-third to one-half
of
antibiotic use in humans is unnecessary or
inappropriate.
the rapid emergence of resistant
bacteria is occurring
worldwide,
endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which
have
transformed medicine and saved
millions of lives. many decades
after
the first patients were treated with antibiotics,
bacterial
infections have again become
a threat.
antibiotics are drugs used for treating
infections caused by
bacteria. also
known as antimicrobial drugs, antibiotics have
saved
countless lives. misuse and
overuse of these drugs, however, have
contributed to a phenomenon known as
antibiotic resistance. this
resistance
develops when potentially harmful bacteria change
in a
way that reduces or eliminates the
effectiveness of antibiotics.
antibiotics
have been commonly available since the 1940s, and
have done wonders at saving patients
with infections ranging from
pneumonia
to sexually spread diseases. but bacteria have
increasingly gained the power to shrug
off antibiotics.
原
因