度米作文汇编之2018医学考博英语作文预测附范文及例句1-3

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蓝玫瑰的含义-

2021年2月7日发(作者:圣女湖)


度米作文汇编之


2018


医学考博英语作


文预测附范文及例句


1-3






【第一篇】







【


“


健康老龄化


”


】






successful ageing / aging





healthy ageing / aging





老龄化,写成


ageing(


英式英 语


)


和


aging(


美式英语


)


都可以。在


写作中 ,请大家统一用其中的一种拼法,不要在同一篇作文里面出现


两种拼法。





“

健康老龄化


”


,国际上最专业的提法是

successful ageing


,大家


写成


healthy ageing


也是可以的,国外很多针对老年人的保健养生网


站都是用


healthy ageing


,但是世卫组织的官方提法是


successful


ageing


。





关键词破解:

“


老人


”


用英语怎么说


?





older adults





senior citizens





old population





the aged





the old





old people(


该表达正确 ,但是不建议,太业余


)





下面就健康老龄化这个主题,从原因及现状、内涵与定义、目 的


与举措这三个方面给大家总结了实用表达和万能句。





【



老龄化的原因及现状】






1. the population in china is ageing rapidly.





这是



“


中国人口正在迅速老龄化


”


之最最言简意赅、举重若轻的


写法。一定要学会。




2. people all over the world are living longer, but their chances


of spending these later years in good health and well-being vary


within and between countries.





前半句描述现象,后半句顺势指出问题。行云流水大抵如此。





3. the substantial increases in life expectancy at birth achieved


over the previous century, combined with medical advances,


escalating health and social care costs, and higher expectations for


older age, have led to international interest in how to promote a


healthier old age and how to age “successfully.”





几个名词短语并列起来作句子主语 ,一下子就把人口老龄化的原


因总结得太凝练了有木有


!





4. for too many, old age brings a high risk of social isolation


and poverty, with limited access to affordable, high-quality health


and social services.





5. strong public policies are thus needed to ensure that positive


trends can be sustained and the benefits of a longer life can extend


to everyone regardless of where they live or the socioeconomic


group they belong to.





6. for older adults, life was no longer based on ego or


endeavors. life was different.





这个句子可以用在作文的最后一句,意犹未尽,回味无穷。





7. today, older adults are experiencing on average better


overall health, lower disability rates, and greater economic security


than previous generations, due in part to key national programs


such as social security, medicare and medicaid. however, older


adults often encounter challenges to their physical, mental,


cognitive, and social health.





此句条理清楚、逻辑严谨,想卖弄实力写长难句的学霸必背。



【




健康老龄化的定义】






1. never has there been such a spotlight on older adults, and


we can use this moment to redefine what it means to experience


healthy aging in china.




< br>这是一个很棒的过渡句,用于老龄化的原因和现状后,定义之前,


无缝衔接,自然 过渡。





2. successful aging refers to physical, mental and social well-


being in older age.





这句话简单实用好操作,学霸学渣都要收


!





3. recent studies emphasize the importance of adaptation and


emotional well-being in successful aging. new data suggests that


for most senior citizens, subjective quality of life is more important


than the absence of disease and other objective measures relating


to physical and mental health.





4. there are a few investigations into older people's views of


what is successful ageing. their definitions include mental,


psychological, physical, and social health; functioning and


resources; life satisfaction; having a sense of purpose; financial


security; learning new things; accomplishments; physical


appearance; productivity; contribution to life; sense of humour; and


spirituality.





面版本的


“


健康老龄化


”


定义。





5. additionally, recent studies have shown that for most senior


citizens, subjective quality of life is strongly tied with psychosocial


protective traits such as resilience, optimism, and mental and


emotional status.





【



健康老龄化的目的与举措】






1. therefore, all sectors must be engaged in planning for the


opportunities of a growing population of older adults to ensure


people are not only adding years to life, but life to years.





2. one important outcome of the conference was the


administration's announcement of the evelopment of a report to


advance healthy aging with a national strategy.





3. the strategy’s aim is to increase the length of people’s lives


and ensure their lives are healthy and productive.





此句地道实用有好记,必收。





4. the vision of the strategy is working together to improve the


health and quality of life for individuals, families, and communities


by moving the country from a mindset focused on sickness and


disease to one based on prevention and wellness.





学会了吗,提到

< br>“


目的、目标


”


不要老是用


goal


,试试


vision


。


vision


是什么意思


?vision


就是


“


愿景


”!





5. a person's ability to interact with others has been


consistently viewed as vitally important to successful aging.





6. many researchers have believed that social relationships


have become the single most important factor in measuring a


person's psychological well-being or happiness.





7. these healthy aging actions were identified based on a


review of the scientific literature and consultation with experts in the


fields of aging and public health, as well as experts from medical


fields.



【第二篇】






请大家在


50


分钟之内,按医学博士英语统考作文部分的要求完


成下面 的作文。





part v writing (20%)





directions: in this part there is an essay in chinese. read it


carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in english on the


answer sheet. make sure that your summary covers the major


points of the passage.





滥用抗生素的危害





抗生素滥用已成为世界范围内公共卫生领域的重大问题。除污 染


环境、威胁人体健康外,因产生耐药性而出现的


< p>
“


超级细菌


”


,是目前< /p>


最令人担心的问题。





开发一个新药一般需要


10


年左右时间,而一代耐药菌的产生往


往只需要两年。抗生素滥用情况 加重,最终会导致


“


超级细菌


”


横行。


按照目前耐药情况的发展趋势,我国很有可能成为最先陷入超级 细菌


频生、最终无抗生素可用境地的国家之一。因为细菌变异速度太快,


一些国家不得不通过政府出资来推动解决这一问题。





专家说,尽管地表水中抗生素的浓度比医用剂量低得多,但长 期


不间断地排放,会污染地下水和土壤,进而污染食物。人和动物置身

< br>其中,很可能感染耐药菌。





有关资料显示,截至


2017


年我国


7


岁以下儿童因为不合理使 用


抗生素造成耳聋的数量多达


30


万人,占耳聋儿童总数的


30%


~< /p>


40%


,


而一些发达国家却只占


0.9%


。





据调查,农村是抗生素滥用的重灾区,不论是养殖业还是医疗 用


药,都普遍存在盲目使用抗生素的问题。滥用抗生素会损伤肝肾,产

< br>生不良反应,导致人体菌群失调免疫力下降。





一般说来,滥用抗生素有四大危害。





第一,毒副作用。





是药三分毒,应严格遵照医嘱服药,切不可盼复心切,擅自加 大


抗菌药物


(


包括抗生素和人工合成的抗菌药,如氟哌酸


)


的药量,否


则很可能损伤神经系统、肾脏、血液系统。尤其是对肝肾功能出现 异


常的患者,更要慎重。需要强调的是,一般来说,轻度上呼吸道感染

< br>选用口服抗生素即可,但很多人却选择了静脉输液,这无形中也增加


了出现副作用 的风险。





第二,过敏反应。





多发生在具有特异性体质的人身上,其表现以过敏性休克最为 严


重。青霉素、链霉素都可能引发,其中青霉素最常见也更为严重。过

< br>敏反应严重时可能致命。





第三,二重感染。





当用抗菌药物抑制或杀死敏感的细菌后,有些不敏感的细菌或 霉


菌却继续生长繁殖,造成新的感染,这就是



“


二重感染


”


。这在长期滥< /p>


用抗菌药物的病人中很多见。因此治疗困难,病死率高。





第四,耐药





由于细菌的进化永远不会停止,因而对任何抗生素都会有产生 耐


药性的可能。抗菌药物的滥用正让我们付出巨大的代价,药品不良反

< br>应、药源性疾病大量增加,越来越多的细菌对抗药品的能量不断增大,


例如幽门螺 旋杆菌,对喹诺酮类药品的耐药性,已经升至百分之八十


二。而且由于药物长期刺激,使 一部分致病菌产生变异、成为耐药菌


株。这种耐药性既会被其他细菌所获得,也会遗传给 下一代。


“


超级


细菌

< br>”


很大程度上就是抗菌药物滥用催生出来的。如果这种情况继续


恶化下去,很可能使人类面临感染时无药可用的境地。





第一,关于作文的标题,记住两点:





如果中文原文有标题,那我们的作文也应该拟一个对应的英文 标


题


;





英文标题中,除了介词,其他所有单词都应首字母大写。





之前给大家预测的抗生素滥用这篇文章的中文标题是



“


滥用抗生


素的危害


”


,那么用英文我们可以写成:





hazards of antibiotic abuse





这个标题中,


hazards


也可以写成


dangers


。





到了考场上,遇到关键词不会写也不要慌,要想办法变通,< /p>


abuse(


滥用


)

这个词不会,用


overuse(


过度使用


)


来替代,确实意思有


偏差,比较勉强,但是如果我 们


overuse


的在后面追加一个



misuse(< /p>


乱用


)


,即


overuse and misuse


联手,大体上也敌得过



abuse


了。





第二,下面,就抗生素滥用


(antibiotic


abuse)


这个主题,从定义、


现状、原因、 危害、举措这个五个方面为大家整理了实用的、可套用


的句子。这些句子全部选自主流外 媒,严谨、地道。





定



义





antibiotic misuse, sometimes called antibiotic abuse or


antibiotic overuse, refers to the misuse or overuse of antibiotics,


with potentially serious effects on health.





it is a contributing factor to the development of antibiotic


resistance, including the creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria,


informally called


multiple antibiotics and cause life-threatening infections.





现



状





antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most pressing health


problems. according to a recent survey, up to one-third to one-half


of antibiotic use in humans is unnecessary or inappropriate.





the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring


worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which have


transformed medicine and saved millions of lives. many decades


after the first patients were treated with antibiotics, bacterial


infections have again become a threat.





antibiotics are drugs used for treating infections caused by


bacteria. also known as antimicrobial drugs, antibiotics have saved


countless lives. misuse and overuse of these drugs, however, have


contributed to a phenomenon known as antibiotic resistance. this


resistance develops when potentially harmful bacteria change in a


way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of antibiotics.





antibiotics have been commonly available since the 1940s, and


have done wonders at saving patients with infections ranging from


pneumonia to sexually spread diseases. but bacteria have


increasingly gained the power to shrug off antibiotics.





原



因


蓝玫瑰的含义-


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