文学类翻译英语论文
右旋肉碱-
2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
浅析英语交际中的性别差异
姓
名：
郭
利
娟
系
别：
美术学院
专
业：
雕
塑
学
号：
101211014
指导教师：
孟
献
策
2014
年
4
月<
/p>
Gender Differences in
English Communication
by
Guo Lijuan
Shangqiu Normal University
Apr 2014
商丘师范学院
2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
摘
要
自古以来，男女性别差异无论是在
身份﹑语言还是工作﹑地位以及其他一些方
面，
国内外都是有所
体现的，
并受到一些先进人士的关注。
本文从社会语言学的角度
出发，
在变异理论基础上从性别差异方面点出了男女在日常交际
中的不同方式，
分析
了男性与女性在语言方面的差异，
并对原因及其在日常文化交际方面所起到的影响作
了简单的分析。
本文旨在描写男女在交际中的不同，
着重从词汇﹑句型﹑以及内容等<
/p>
方面所存在的差异进行表述，
并在后面对其原因进行了分析和总结
。
另外，
作者在文
末指出人们在生活中
应该关注男女语言的差异，
以便取得成功的交流，
更好的提高人
们的实际交流能力。
关键词：
语言；性别差异；跨文化交际
I
商丘师范学院
< br>2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
Abstract
Gender differences
is with us from ancient times to now, home and
abroad, no matter
on
identity,
language,
status,
jobs,
or
others.
With
the
rising
of
feminist
movement
in
western
society
in
the
1960s,
the
relationship
between
language
and
gender
gradually
caused people
’
s
attention. The study of gender differences has
been a favorite subject of
sociolinguistics. Gender differences is
also embodied in language, language and gender has
become an important
branch
in
sociolinguistics. The aim of this
paper is
to
describe
the
gender-related
differences
in
daily
English
communication,
such
as
the
differences
in
vocabulary, syntax, content and analyze
their reasons. From this paper people know more
about the differences between male and
female speech and this paper hopes to help people
have an overall understanding of gender
differences.
Key words:
language; gender differences; cross-
cultural communication
II
商丘师范学院
2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
Contents
摘
要
..........................
..................................................
..................................................
......
I
Abstract
.
...........................
..................................................
..................................................
. II
Contents
...
..................................................
..................................................
........................ III
1
Introduction .
..................................................
..................................................
................ 1
1.1
Communication
and Gender Cultures ..............................
.......................................
1
1.2
Motivations
.
....
..................................................
..................................................
..... 2
2
Gender-related Differences in English
Communication
.
.............
.......................................
2
2.1
V
ocabulary Difference
.............................................
................................................
2
2.1.1
Adjectives and Adverbs ................
..................................................
.............. 2
2.1.2
Color Words
..................................................
................................................
3
2.1.3
Hedges and Fillers
.
< br>............................................... ......................................... 4
2.1.4
Colloquialism and Professional Words ..
..................................................
..... 4
2.2
Syntactic Structure
.
..............................................
..................................................
.. 5
2.2.1
Declarative and Imperative Sentence
.
..............................
............................. 5
2.2.2
Tag
Questions
.
.................
..................................................
............................ 6
2.3
Difference in
Content ..........................................
..................................................
.. 6
2.3.1
Difference in Topic....................
..................................................
.................. 6
2.3.2
The Number
of Talk
...............................
..................................................
..... 7
2.3.3
Turn-talking Regulations ..............
..................................................
.............. 8
2.3.4
Difference
in Speech Strategies .............................
.......................................
8
3
Influence on Cross-cultural
Communication
.
.............
..................................................
...... 9
4
Conclusion
.................
..................................................
..................................................
..... 9
References .........
..................................................
..................................................
.............. 10
III
商丘师范学院
2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
1
Introduction
Gender
differences
in
English
communication
is
gender
differences
between
male
and
female
using
the
same
language
when
the
characteristics
shown
by
the
differences.
Gender
differences
is
a
new
topic
in
the
intersection
of
sociolinguistics
and
psycholinguistics,
especially
in
the
study
of
sociolinguistics,
the
relationship
between
language and gender which has long been
of the study and research of traditional
linguists.
Since
the
early
20
th
century,
many
linguists
have
focused
on
gender
differences
in
pronunciation, intonation, words choice
and so on. Until in the late
1960
’
s and early
1970
’
s,
when in
the United States feminist movement aroused, the
subfield of linguistics known as
Language and Gender studies is the best
thought of as a quite important part. Nowadays
linguists focus on the language use to
study the gender related differences.
Robin
Lakoff
is
one
of
the
most
known
scholars
under
the
wave
of
Western
feminist
movement
to
deal
with
the
issue
of
language
and
gender.
She
thinks
language
reflects
society
and
cultural
differences,
and
women
’
s
language
depends
entirely
on
her
own
intuitions and casual
observations, while men
’
s
language is assertive, adult-like, and direct.
(Lakoff. 1975) Lakoff may well be
regarded as one of the forerunners of recent
research
into the field of language and
gender in western societies.
1.1
Communication
and Gender Cultures
A communication
culture is a group of people with the exiting set
of norms regarding how
they
communicate
with
each
other.
These
cultures
can
be
categorized
as
masculine
or
feminine,
each
differing
in
how
they
get
along
with
others
through
different
styles
of
communication.
(Tannen,
Deborah.
1990)
Masculine
and
feminine
cultures
differ
dramatically in when,
how and why they use communication.
In
the study of sociolinguistics, gender indicates
the distinctions between male and female
from social perspectives, so the
relationship between language and gender is bi-
directional,
too.
People
always
grow up in
a specific
gender
group, during
their daily
life, boys
and
1
商丘师范学院
2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
girls
are
subconsciously
influenced
by
the
speech
and
the
custom
of
their
group,
so
a
special
gender
group
can
develop
a
special
language.
In
addition,
men
are
related
with
masculinity,
women
are
regarded
as
feminine.
It
is
natural
that
men
and
women
speak
differently
with
each
other.
Deborah
Tannen
’
s
studies
found
these
gender
differences
in
communication styles
“where
men more generally
refer to masculine people and women
correspondingly refers to feminine
people.
”
(Tannen, Deborah.
1990, 13 )
1.2
Motivations
This
thesis
is
particularly
interested
in
the
gender-
related
differences
between
male
and
female
speeches. In the study of sociolinguistics, it
shows what differences between male
and
female
speeches
exist
and
reasons
cause
the
gender
differences
in
English
communication and
what problems people should take care of in daily
communication.
The
aim
of
this
thesis
is
to
show
the
differences
that
exist
between
male
and
female
in
daily
communication,
the
reasons
that
cause
these
differences
and
to
give
some
suggestions to people who would take
some cross-cultural communication.
2
Gender-related
Differences in English Communication
It
is
known
that
there
do
exist
differences
between
male
and
female
speech.
These
differences can be found in their
vocabulary, syntax, content and other aspects.
2.1
Vocabulary Difference
In
vocabulary,
the
differences
between
male
and
female
mainly
in
adjectives,
adverbs,
color
words,
slang
words
and
professional
words.
The
following
part
will
show
these
aspects.
2.1.1
Adjectives
and Adverbs
The
terms
of
the
difference
in
choice
of
words,
women
prefer
to
use
the
adjectives
and
adverbs to show
admiration, appreciation, and praise. Lakoff
worked out a special list of
2
商丘师范学院
2014
届本科英语双学位毕业论文
empty
adjectives
like
“
divine
”
,
< br>“
charming
”
,
“
lovely
cute
”
,
“
sweet
”
,
“
precious
”
,
and
“
fantastic
”
,
“
fabul
ous
”
,
“
adorable
”
,
“
gorgeous
”
, etc, which
are used typically by women,
but rarely
used by men. When women see beautiful clothes,
they would use adorable; when
they
see
delicious
food,
they
would
use
gorgeous;
they
also
use
divine
to
describe
chocolate. However,
men prefer
to
use
“
great
”
,
“
terrific
”,
“
neat
”
and
some
other
neutral
words. (Lakoff.
1975) Some other researchers also prove that women
use adjectives more
frequently than the
men of the same age.
On the other hand,
women use adverbs more frequently than men. When
they express their
feelings,
women
are
fond
of
using
hyperbole.
Jesperson
suggested
that
the
fondness
of
women
for
hyperbole
will
very
often
used
lead
the
fashion
with
regard
to
adverbs
of
intensity, and these are often used
with disregard of their proper meaning.
(Jesperson,Otto.
1922) Take
“
so
”
for example, in the hot movie-Desperate
Housewives, women often say:
(1)
I am so
sorry!
(2)
The
food there was so delicious!
(3)
Thank you so
much!
It is a great favorite with women
while men use then not so frequently.
2.1.2
Color Words
Women,
the
beauty
of
nature
determines
the
good
use
of
complex,
precise
words
to
describe
color in contact with things, while men in contact
with things for far less careful
than
women.
Generally
speaking,
women
possess
stronger
ability
of
distinguishing
and
sensing color. So they use color words
more frequently in communication. Lakoff claims
that
women
like
use
color
words
like
“
mauve
”
,
“
beige
”
,
“
aquam
arine
”
,
“
< br>lavender
”
and
“
magenta
”
< br>, but most men do not. From clothes, ornament, flowers and other aspects, many
researches
got
the
result
women
are
fond
of
color
words
much
more
than
men,
because
women wear more
colorful clothes, use more decorates and love
flower more, while men
often dress
black and brown, use little decorates, and so on.
3