英语句子分类
-
初中英语语法之句子的种类
英语中的
句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。
陈述句：
This is a dog.
疑问句：
Is this a dog?
祈使句：
Open your eyes!
感叹句：
What a beautiful
building it is!
1
陈述句
凡是说明一件事情，提出一个
看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述
句，陈述句可以用
肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“
.
”
，通常用降调。
Eg
：
We live in
Beijing.
We
don
’
t live in Beijing.
(1) be
动词、一般动词（实义动词）
< br>、情态动词的否定句
01. be
动词的否定句
句型：
主语
+ be
动词
+ not +
„
I
wasn
’
t good at English.
They weren
’
t at
home yesterday.
He
isn
’
t my cousin.
02
情态动词的否定句
句型：主语
+
情态动词
+ not +
动词原形
Eg
：
I
can
’
t do it myself.
You mustn
’
t take
the books out.
You must not go there
alone.
03
一般动词的否定句
句型：主语
+ do/does/did + not +
动词原形
They
didn
’
t live in Shanghai.
He doesn
’
t do his
homework every day.
They
didn
’
t have the class-
meeting yesterday afternoon.
04
现在完成时的否定句
句型：主语
+ have/has+ not +
动词的过去分词
+
„„
I haven
’
t
finished reading the book yet.
He
hasn
’
t had his breakfast
yet.
1
05
过去完成时的否定句
句型：主语
+ had+ not +
动词的过去分词
+
„„
He hadn
’
t
finished reading the book by the end of last
month.
(2).
否定结构应注意事项
01
使用
not
的部分否定
含有
not
的句子，如果使用了
very,
always
以及不定代词
all, both, every
及
every
的复合词，则
表示部分否定。
I
don
’
t play football very
well.
It isn
’
t
always hot here in summer.
02
not
的其他否定表示
1.
not
„
at all
一点也不„
I
’
m not tired at
all.
I don
’
t like
it at all.
2.
not
„
any more,
not
„
any longer
再也不„
I
don
’
t live here any longer.
= I no long live here.
I can not eat
any more. = I can eat no more.
03
使用
not
以外的否定词表示否定
1.
用
no
表示：
no+<
/p>
名词
= not
any
„
一点也不„
There is no
wind. = There is not any wind.
2. never
绝不
I will never
forget you.
He has never been abroad.
3. few / little
几乎没有
He has few
friends.
Few people understand the
difference.
I have little money.
There is little water in the glass.
4. no one = nobody
无人
No one knows
the answer.= Nobody knows the answer.
g
= not anything
什么也没有
I have nothing to do today.
2
6. none of
„没有任何人；什么也没有
None
of them can answer it.
I eat none of
the food.
7.
含有否定副词
seldom
/hardly
的句子
He can
hardly write his name.
We seldom watch
TV.
04 too
„
to
„
(
太„以至于不„
.
)
的句型表示否定
He is
too old to work.
2
祈使句
表示请求、命令。建议等。句
子没有时态变化，谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用
感叹号或者句号，
用降调。
含有第二人称主语的祈使句
Be careful
！
Don
’
t make such a
noise.
01
肯定的祈使
句型
动词原形
+
„
+
（省略主语）
Stand
up.
Be quiet, please.
有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加
do.
Do sit down.
Do study hard.
用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上
please
,
但如果在句尾加
please
时，
那在
please
之前一定要加一个逗号“，
< br>”
。
Go this
way, please.
祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，
< br>”隔开，放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming,
come here.
Come here, Li Ming.
02
否定的祈使句
句型
Don
’
t +
动词原形
+
„
Don
’
t swim in the
river.
Don
’
t be
late.
3
Please
don
’
t be noisy.
句型转换
之
祈使句和陈述句的改写
祈使句
= You
must
„
Come here.
= You must come here.
Don
’
t do that
again. = You mustn
’
t do that
again.
Please +
祈使句
= Will you
(please)
„
?
Please
help me. = Will you (please) me ?
2
含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句
Let
’
s say goodbye
here.
Don
’
t let
him do that again.
01
肯定的祈使句
句型
let+
第一人称
(me, us)+
动词原形
+
„
let+
第三人称代词（
h
im/her/it/them
）或名词
+
动词原形
+
„
let me try again.
Let
’
s go at once.
Let Tom go there himself.
02
否定的祈使句
Let
’
s + not +
动词原形
+
„
Don
’
t let +
第三人称代词的宾格或名词
+
动词原形
+
„
Let
’
s not say
anything about it.
Don
’
t let them
play with fire.
句型转换
Use your head and you will find a way.
If you use your head, you will find a
way.
3
感叹句
感叹句通常有
what,
how
引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what
修饰名词，
how
修饰形容
词，
副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +
形容词
+ a
+
名词
+
陈述语序。例如：
How clever a boy he
is!
他是多聪明的孩子！
Ho
w+
形容词或副词
+
陈述语序。例如：
How lovely the baby is!
小毛头真可爱！
What +
名词
+
陈述语序。例如：
< br>What noise they are making!
他们真吵！
What +a/an
+
形容词
+
名词
+
陈述语序。例如：
What a clever boy
he is!
他是多聪明的孩子！
4