(英语)英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧
-
（英语）英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
The
University
of
Birmingham
is
the
first
excellent
UK
Russell
Group
university
to
announce
that
it
will
accept
the
exam
for
high-flying
Chinese
students
wishing
to
join
its
undergraduate
courses
in
2019.
High
school
students
who
complete
the
Higher
Education
Entrance
Examination
or
Gaokao,
with
top
grades
will
be
able
to
apply
for
direct
entry
onto Birmingham degree programmes without first
completing a foundation year which is a
routine for the freshman.
Gaokao is usually taken by students
in their last year of senior high school and,
every year, each
province in China sets
the grades required to gain admission to its
universities. It is usually held
across
China in early June. Students are tested in
Chinese, Mathematics, a Foreign Language and
social sciences or natural
sciences.
University of
Birmingham Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir David
Eastwood said:
Birmingham
has
been
challenging
and
developing
great
minds
for
more
than
a
century.
We
welcome people from
around the globe to study at Birmingham and
Chinese students form an
integral
part
of
our
education
and
research
community.
We
are
further
opening
access
to
Birmingham's
wealth
of
education
opportunities
for
the
brightest
and
most
dedicated
Chinese
students by
accepting this strict and important qualification.
I look forward to welcoming these
high-
flying students to the University of Birmingham.
Gaokao
is
increasingly
accepted
by
universities
in
Australia,
the
USA,
Canada
and
mainland
Europe. Birmingham
will only be considering high quality students who
achieve a minimum 80%
Gaokao score and
meet additional academic and English language
requirements.
Professor
J on Frampton, Director of the University of
Birmingham's China Institute
said:
University
of
Birmingham
has
a
long
history
of
educating
students
from
China
and
one
of
our
most famous graduates is Li Siguang-the
founding father of Chinese geology. I am delighted
that
the University is now accepting
the Gaokao. This gives the brightest and best
Chinese students an
opportunity
to
move
straight
into
the
first
year
of
our
undergraduate
programmes
and
experience the benefits
of studying at a global Top 100 university, such
as Birmingham.
（
1
）
What do Chinese students
have to do to enter the University of Birmingham
before 2019?
A.
Go through a foundation year.
B. Prepare Birmingham degree
programmes.
C. Acquire the
right to permanent residency.
D. Score over 800% of the university's
qualification examination.
（
2
）
Who
is the announcement intended for?
A. The foreign students in
China. B. All people living
in the UK.
C. The students
of the UK.
D. Chinese students.
（
3
）
Which of
the following best explains
A. Complete. B.
Necessary. C. Indifferent.
D. Unimportant.
（
4
）
What does the text mainly
talk about?
A.
The introduction to the
B.
The history of the University of
Birmingham.
C. The high
quality students accepted by top
universities.
D. The
University of Birmingham's admission to
Gaokao.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
< br>D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。
本文介绍了世界一流大学
——
英国伯明翰大学从
2019
年起开始承认中国高考成绩，为更多的中国高水平学生提供更多到世界
名校深造的机会。
（
1
）细节理解题。第一段倒数第一句
“with
top
grades
will
be
able
to
apply
for
direct
entry
onto
Birmingham
degree
programmes
without
first
completing
a
foundation
year
which
is
a
routine
for
the <
/p>
freshma
n.”
可知在伯明翰大学
承认高考成绩之前，中国学生需要进行一年的
预科学习之后才能进入专业课程学习。故答
案选
A
。
（
2
）推理判断题。第一段第一句
“The
University
of
Birmingham
is
the
first
excellent
UK
Russell
Group
university
to
announce
that
it
will
accept
the
exam
for
high-flying
Chinese students
wishing to join its.
undergraduate
courses in 2019.”
可知伯明翰大学的通告主
要针对中国学生发布的。故答案选
D
。
（
3
）词义
猜测题。根据第三段划线部分句子
“We welcome people from
around the globe to
study at Birmingham
and Chinese students form an integral part of our
education and research
community.”
句意：我们欢迎来自世界各地的人们来伯明翰学习，中国学生是我们教育和研
究领域不可或缺的一部分。可知
integral
意思为
“
不可或缺的
”
，
故答案选
B
。
（
4
）主旨
大意题。本文介绍了世界一流大学
——
英国伯明翰大学从
2019
年起开始承认中
国高考成绩，为更多
的中国高水平学生提供更多到世界名校深造的机会。即伯明翰大学对
高考成绩的承认，故
答案选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇说明类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，同时根
据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
In the future those who are taking
care of old people may get help from the house
itself.
Over the last
few years, new technology, such as the Internet,
Wi-Fi and flat TV screens, has
changed
our homes and the way that we live. Now, another
technology revolution is happening.
A
new project at the University of Hertfordshire
wants to create a home that monitors people
living in it who are
elderly.
The
researchers
have
developed
a
wristband
device
（装置）
which
helps
us
to
watch
the
elderly
person who is wearing it. The device collects
information to see if the person has fallen or
has wandered away from where he or she
should be.
The
assisted-living
project
is
part
of
the
university's
wider
Interhome
project,
which
is
the
development of a smart house. The house
remembers the habits of the person who lives there
and it uses very low amounts of energy.
The Interhome team hope that offering this service
will
help take care of the elderly.
They say,
help and support and not
replace any of the existing services.
The
Interhome
is
not
just
a
research
method.
It's
also
a
way
for
students
from
different
scientific
backgrounds to learn and develop technology. The
university uses the latest technology
to help students get experience by
developing new hardware and software themselves.
The team
includes design, engineering
and computer science students working
together.
says the project leader.
This could help millions of old people
around the world have a better and safer life in
the future.
（
1
）
The
wristband device benefits its users by .
A. changing the living
habits of the elderly
B.
monitoring people who live in a smart
home
C. offering information
to the person wearing it
D.
watching over the elderly who may fall or
get lost
（
2
）
Whom does the
University of Hertfordshire have in its research
team?
A.
Students who want to find a job eagerly.
B. Students who prefer to work on their
own.
C. Students
from
different
scientific
backgrounds.
D. Students
with
a
lot
of
rich
working
experience.
（
3
）
What is the project
leader's attitude towards the future of the smart
home project?
A.
Uncertain.
B.
Uninterested.
C.
Optimistic.
D.
Disappointed.
（
4<
/p>
）
What might be the main idea
of the passage?
A. A
wristband
device
has
changed
the
way
that
we
live.
B. A
smart
home
helps
students
develop hardware and
software.
C. An Interhome
project has been put into use to help the elderly.
D. An Interhome project
will
help the old live a better and safer
life.
【答案】
（
1
）
D
< br>（
2
）
C
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，将来那些照顾老人的人可能会得到帮助。研究人员
开发了一种腕带装置帮助我们关注戴
着它的老人。
Interhome
团队希望提供这项服务将有助
于照顾老人。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“ The
device collects i
nformation to see if
the person has
fallen
or
has wandered
away
from
where
he
or
she
should
be”
可知该装置是收集老人是否摔
倒；是否
走失之类的信息。故选
D
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的
“
The
team
includes
design
engineering
and
computer
science.
Science
students
working
together”
可知该研究队成员包括设计部学生，工程部学
生，计算机科学部学生
;
这些学生共同努力研制。可以推知：成员来自不同科技背景的学
< br>生。故选
C
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“This
could
help
millions
of
old
people
around
the
world have a better and safer life in
the future”
可知项目部领导对
“
< br>智能家庭
”
项目的态度是很
乐观
的。故选
C
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的
“Now, another technology revolution is happening”
可知
现在这款新科技将要改变生活。本文主要讲的是一款新科技
要帮助老人过上更好的生活，
而不是
“
帮学生研发硬件和软件
”
。故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理
判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时
根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正
确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
The other day I was
shopping at the local Chinese grocery store. There
was a line at the fish
counter,
but
only
one
staff
person
was
there
to
take
care
of
the
customers.
Some
customers
ordered quite an
amount of fish for that staff person to work on.
At last I was the second in line.
All I
wanted was a couple of crabs and should get out of
there in no time.
Noticing
it
was
very
busy
at
the
fish
counter,
another
staff
person
came
over
to
help.
I was
ready to be served, but the staff
person went to the end of the line and began to
help a couple of
ladies with snail
(
蜗牛
). The customers in front
of me, being served, turned around and looked at
me
sympathetically
and
the
cu
stomer
behind
me
called
to
the
staff
person,
“You
should
start
here,” pointing at me. He was, well,
ignored.
If someone
asked me,
without hesitation.
find people waiting in a line quietly
to get anything: whether in the supermarkets,
department
stores, bus stops, or gas
stations, it's just a matter of waiting your turn.
In a larger sense,
your
turn
—
it is a very basic
rule that reflects the fundamental
value of the western cultures. But in
some situations your turn does not always come
based on
when you get there and how
long you have waited in line, just like my case at
the store. Even
though this
did not often happen, it did make me feel
upset.
（
1
< br>）
What happened to the author at the
store?
was ill-
treated by a customer.
wasn't served upon his order.
was asked to be served
later.
was asked to do
others a favor.
（
2
）
What does the underlined
word
belief.
culture.
experience.
rule.
（
3
）
Why
did the author write the text?
emphasize his kindness to
others.
introduce some
western cultures to us.
express his belief and his feeling.
show his disbelief in Queuing
Rule.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
< br>
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排队很久，受到不公平待遇
的经历，借此表现了西方文化的特点
——
要遵守次序，同时也表明了作者的感受和建议。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“I was ready to be
served, but the staff person went to
the end of the line and began to help a
couple of ladies with snail (
蜗牛
< br>).”
可知，我准备好了接
受服务，但服务员走到了队尾
给几个想买蜗牛的
女士提供了服务，因此轮到作者的次序
时，作者并没有得到服务。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中的
“But
in
some
situations
your
turn
does
not
always
come based on when
you get there and how long you have waited in
line, just like my case at the
store.”<
/p>
可知，在某些情况下，是否能轮到你的次序并不取决于你几点到这里、排了多久的
队，就像作者的情况一样，因此
“this”
指
代的是作者的亲身经历。故选
C
。
（
3
）考查
推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排了很久队却受到不公
平待遇的经
历。再根据最后一段中的
“Even though this did not
often happen, it did make me
feel
upset.”
可知，作者认为这种经历并不经常发生，但仍使作者感到比
较失望，表达了作
者的想法和感受。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节
理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节
信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
The cost of living in
countries like the U.S., Britain, Australia or
France has skyrocketed in recent
years.
However, if you're willing to leave your country
and explore life in other areas, there are
many
countries
boasting
an
extremely
cheap
and
low
cost
of
living.
Check
out
the
following
countries when planning your next
move.
Ecuador
Ecuador is similar to the United
States in many ways, and as a result has become a
popular
American getaway. They even use
the U.S. Dollar for their currency. In this
country, it's cheaper to
eat out every
day than cook for yourself on a budget in the U.S.
You can even buy a property for
around
$$50000 and hire someone to tend to it while you're
away
Mexico
Although the country is known for
its poverty ridden streets, there are many
wealthier areas
that
provide
every
facility
you
might
need.
You
can
live
off
a
mere
$$700
to
$$800
a
month
in
Mexico, and this includes rent for a
nice place, facilities, food, and any
sightseeing.
Argentina
Argentina has
been a popular tourist destination for many years.
It has great restaurants, a rich
history, and many places to explore.
Not to mention, it's not very expensive to live
here. A decent
sized home can cost
around $$139000, which is relatively cheap in
relation to homes in the United
States.
Vietnam
Vietnam has also
become a popular tourist destination in recent
years. There are many million
dollar
luxury
homes
by
the
beach,
but
you
can
find
a
modest
fiat
or
small
home
for
around
$$25000
to $$50000 if you search in the right
areas.
（
1
）
How
much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a
year?
$$7000
$$8000
$$8400
$$9800
（
2
）
What does Argentina and Vietnam have
in common?
both
have great restaurants.
cost of living in them is both
expensive.
middle-sized
homes both cost around $$ 139000.
are all fond of travelling to the two
countries.
（
3
）
In
which country did the purchaser probably pay extra
money after he left?
r
ina
m
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，近年来，生活在美国、英国、澳大利亚或法国等国
的成本猛增。然而，如果你愿意离开
你的国家去探索其他地区的生活，文章介绍了厄瓜多
尔、阿根廷、墨西哥和越南的生活成
本。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Mexico
部
分中的
“You can live off a mere $$700 to
$$800 a month in
Mexico, and this
includes rent for a nice place,
facilit
ies, food, and any sightseeing.”
可知，在墨
西哥一年的生活成本大约是
$$8400
到
$$9600
之间。故选<
/p>
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据
< br>Argentina
部分中的
“Argentina
has
been
a
popular
tourist
destination
for
many
years.”
和
Vietnam
部分中的
“Vietnam
has
also
become
a
popular
tourist
destination in recent years.”
可知，阿根廷和越南都是受欢迎的旅游目的地。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据
Ecuador
部分中的
“You can even buy a property for around
$$50000
and hire someone to tend to it
while you're away”
可知，在你厄瓜多尔甚至可以花大约
5
万美
元买一处房产，在你不在的时候雇个人照看
它。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇政治经济
类阅读，考生需要准确掌握
细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Every day I see advertisements in
the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it
is easy and
quick to learn English.
There is even a reference to William Shakespeare
or Charles Dickens to
encourage
learners
even
more.
When
I
see
advertisements
like
this,
I
don't
know
whether
to
laugh
or cry. But many people must believe these
ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements
would not appear.
Of course it is clear that students
who go to England to learn English have a great
advantage
over others, but too many
cannot afford to do so. Some go to the opposite
extreme and think
they can teach
themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is
wrong to assume that each word in
English has a precise equivalent in
another language, let alone produces good
pronunciation and
intonation.
Most teaching is still based on behaviorist
psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making
students
repeat phrases and making
sentences. If we were parrots or chimpanzees,
these methods might
be successful. A
large number of theorists seem to think it is a
pity we aren't, because it would
make
it easier to use their methods.
In my personal opinion, no one can
ever learn to speak English or any other language
unless he
is
interested
in
it.
Human
beings,
unlike
parrots
and
chimpanzees,
do
not
like
making
noises
unless they
understand what the noises mean and can relate
them to their own lives. It is worth
remembering that language is a means of
communication. What they listen to and read cannot
be a formula. It must be
real.
There is another
relevant point worth mentioning here. We need
other people to talk to and
listen to
when we communicate. They can work with us and
practice the unfamiliar forms with us
in real situations, talking to each
other about real life language.
（
1
）
Many
people
believe
advertisements
in
the
newspapers
and
on
the
buses
probably
because .
A. they are encouraged by William
Shakespeare or Charles Dickens
B. they are eager to learn
and then believe them
C. the ways advertised can help them to
save time and efforts
D. the
ways advertised prove
effective and
helpful
（
2
）
What may behaviorists argue
towards English learning?
A. Human
beings
make
more
interesting
noises
than
parrots
and
chimpanzees.
B.
Human
beings should relate their speech
to their own lives.
C.
Language
is
a
formula
with
lots
of
repetitions
and
practices.
D. Language
is
a
means
of
communication.
（<
/p>
3
）
What opinion
does the author hold?
A. A quick method that suits all the
students does exist.
B. English
can be mastered within a
very short
period of time.
C. Each
word
in
English
has
a
precise
equivalent
in
another
language.
D. No
one
can
learn
English well without
being interested in it.
（
4
）
What ways of
learning is suggested by the author?
A. Study abroad.
B. Learn communicatively and
situationally.
C. Follow the
behaviorists' approach.
D. Teach oneself at home with
dictionaries.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
，讲述了一名语言教师对语言学习的个人看法。他认
为学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法在
情理之中，但是学英语不像广告中所说的那么轻松，
假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好
英语或其他任何语言。在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾
听的对象。用真实的语言去谈论真实
的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。
（
1<
/p>
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“No
doubt
this
is
true
to
a
certain
extent, but
it
is
not
very helpful
to students. ”<
/p>
可知许多人渴望学好这门语言，相信这些广告中宣传的学习语言能
速成，故选
B
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Most teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology.
Behaviorists are fond of
making students repeat phrases and making sentence
s.”
可知现在大量的
教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基
础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不
断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。故
选
C
。
（<
/p>
3
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“I
n my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to
speak
English or any other language
unless he is interested in it.”
可知作者认为，假
如没有兴趣，任何
人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“There
is
another
relevant
point
worth
mentioning
here. We need other people to talk to
and listen to when we communicate. They can work
with
us and practice the unfamiliar
forms with us in real situations, talking to each
other about real life
language.”
可知还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在
学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形
式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇教育
类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的
逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
6
．
阅读理解
The human brain remembers negative
experiences more easily than positive ones. Our
brains
have developed this way because
threats, like dangerous animals, had a more
immediate effect
on our ancestors'
survival compared to positive things like food or
shelter. As a result, you likely
know
what makes you unhappy, but do you know what makes
you happy?
Research
suggests that our level of happiness depends
partly on factors we cannot
control
—
our genes and our
life circumstances. But our level of happiness is
also shaped by the choices we
make. If
you've been chasing wealth, fame, good looks,
material things and power, you may be
looking
for
happiness
in
all
the
wrong
places.
Psychologists
suggest
that
the
following
habits
make people happier.
People who form close relationships
tend to be happier than those who do not. The
number of
friends we have is not
important. What matters is the quality of our
relationships. Relationships
that bring
happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings,
mutual respect, acceptance, trust and
fun.
People
who
exercise
regularly
improve
both
their
physical
and
mental
well
being.
Some