英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析
-
英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
It was when I was walking to my
office, trailed by three young people whose ages
ranged from
16 to 25, flowing down the
corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I
thought of it for the
first
time.
This could be
because I am not actually a mother. Until
recently, I was not a
either. But I
have been living with the man who is now my
husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in
those 10 years, not only have his
younger daughters spent every other weekend and
half of their
school holiday with us
but also his son has lived with us full-time. In
fact, when Bernardo asked
me to move
in, he asked his son for permission
first.
Being a step mum
is hard enough but being a sort-of-step-mother is
about the most awkward
position a
mature woman can find herself in. With my sort-of-
steppies, I have occupied a place of
influence,
power
and
sometimes
extreme
anger
by
turns.
I
have
stepped
on
a
delicate
path
between
being
a
grown-up
friend,
a
bridge
of
influence
with
their
father,
the
woman
of
the
house, and a figure of authority
–
but not too
much.
Love the kids or
hate them, you must always remember that no matter
how much you cook,
clean, hug, comfort
and discipline, you will never actually
count.
To survive, I
trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I
could, but not to care. It's a handy
piece
of
good
mental
health
trickery
I
recommend
to
anyone
in
my
position.
I
can
help
with
homework,
yes,
but
not
bother
about
the
results
of
that
homework.
I
can
teach
them
good
manners, but not care about the bad
habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the
position.
（
1
）
Which of the following is true
about Bernardo?
A. Bernardo seldom cares about the
kids.
B. Bernardo dislikes
living with his kids.
C.
Bernardo
respects
the
opinion
of
his
kids.
D. Bernardo
doesn't
recognize
his
wife
as
a
（
2
）
What does the
author think of her role in the family?
A. She was totally favored
by the kids.
B. She has
acted as an enemy of the kids.
C. She
didn't
have
any
influence
in
the
family.
D. She
was
the
communication
bridge
between kids and their
father.
（
3
）
What's the author's advice for
stepmothers in the last paragraph?
A. Be partly engaged in
kids' life.
B.
Care little about kids' behavior.
C. Seldom get involved in kids'
homework.
D. Become the
absolute authority of the family.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了作为一个继母应该如何与孩子相处才是一个
适当的度。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“In fact, when Bernardo asked me to
move in, he asked
his son for
permission first.”Bernardo
再婚让妻子搬进家里，还要征
求孩子们的同意，由此可
推断出
Bernardo
尊重孩子的意见。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“I
have
stepped
on
a
delicate
path
between
being
a
grown-up
friend, a bridge of influence with their father,
the woman of the house, and a figure of
authority
...”
我走上
了一条微妙的道路，既是成年孩子的朋友，又是孩子与父亲的之间影响
的桥梁，既是家里
的女主人，又是权威人物
…”
故选
D<
/p>
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“It's
a
handy
piece
of
good
mental
health
trickery
I
recommend to anyone in my position. I
can help with homework, yes, but not bother about
the
results
of
that
homework.
I
can
teach
them
good
manners,
but
not
care
about
the
bad
habits
they learn at home.
Semi-
detached is the position.”
< br>可知，作者对于继母的建议就是部分地参
与到孩子们的生活中。故选
A
。
【点评】本题考点涉
及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息
，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
A monk lived with his brother, a
one-eyed idiot(a very stupid person).One day ,when
the monk
was scheduled to have an
interview with a famous theologian(a scientist who
studies religions)
who had come from
far away to meet him, he needed to take care of
some matters and would
therefore be
absent when the theologian arrived. He told his
brother:
treat him
well
！
Don't say a word to
him
，
and everything will be
OK.
The monk left the
temple. Upon returning, he went to meet his
guest.
brother
is
outstanding.
He's
a
great
theologian!
exclaimed
the
theologian
with
great
enthusiasm.
结巴地说
)the surprised
monk.
means
of
gestures.
I
showed
him
one
finger
and
he
replied
by
showing
me
two.
Logically,
I
answered
with
three
fingers
and
then
he
astonished
me
by
raising
a
closed
fist,
ending
the
debate. With one finger, I implied the
unity of Buddha. With two fingers, he expanded my
point
of view by reminding me that
Buddha was inseparable from his theory. Delighted
by the reply,
with
three
fingers
I
expressed:
Buddha
and
his
theory
in
the
world.
Then
he
suggested
a
wonderful response,
showing me his fist: Buddha, his theory and the
world, all together as one
whole.
A little later, the
monk went to look for his one-eyed
brother.
have but one eye. Not
wanting to fall into the conflict, I showed that
he was fortunate enough to
have two
eyes. Critically, he continued, 'Be that as it
may, between us, we have three eyes.' That
was the straw that broke the camel's
back. Showing him a closed fist, I threatened to
lay him out
right then and there if he
didn't stop his insulting challenges.
<
/p>
（
1
）
Acco
rding to the passage, the monk's brother is a
person__________.
A. who was a great theologian
B. who was a three-eyed idiot
C. who was a one-eyed theologian
D. who was a fool with only one eye
（
2
）
The
theologian thought the monk's brother as a great
theologian because ______.
A. the
brother
was
a
one-eyed
idiot
B.
the
brother
could
communicate
properly
and
politely by means of
gestures
C. the brother had
deep thoughts of Buddhism D. the
theologian himself misunderstood the
brother's gestures
（
3
）
What would
the monk do after he heard of his brother's
explanation on how it went earlier
with
the theologian?
A. The monk would be very angry with
his brother and beat him. B. The monk
would be very
happy and praise
him.
C. The
monk
would
apologize
to
the
theologian
and
his
brother.
D. The
monk
would
think
what a funny
misunderstanding it was.
（
4
）
According to what
the theologian said, he considered the monk's
brother's fist to be the
meaning of
_____________.
A. a threat to him
B. an encouragement to him
C. a unity of the Buddha, theory and
the world D. one eye of himself
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（
2<
/p>
）
D
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文
，神学大师站在自己的角度误解了和尚的傻瓜弟弟的
手势语言，让人读着忍不住发笑。<
/p>
（
1
）考查细
节理解。根据第一段中的
“
A monk lived
with his brother, a one-eyed idiot(a very
stupid person).”
可知，和尚的哥哥是一个只
有一只眼的傻瓜。故选
D
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第六段和最后一段的
内容可知，神学家误解了和尚的弟弟的手势
语，因此他认为和尚的弟弟是神学家。故选<
/p>
D
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。结合文意，由常识可推知，和尚会觉得是一个很有
趣的误解。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据第六段神学家中的
“Then
he
suggested
a
wonderful
respo
nse,
showing
me his fist: Buddha, his theory and the world, all
together as one whole.”
可知，他认为
和尚弟弟的拳头意味着佛陀，理论和世界的统一。故选
C
。<
/p>
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是
一篇故事类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正
确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
Many
scientists
today
are
convinced
that
life exists
elsewhere
in
the
universe---life
probably
much like that on our own planet. They
reason in the following way.
As far as astronomers can
determine, the entire universe is built of the
same matter. They have
no reason to
doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every
part of the universe. Therefore, it is
reasonable to guess that other stars,
with their own planets, were born in the same way
as our
own solar system. What we know
of life on earth suggests that life will arise
wherever the proper
conditions
exist.
Life requires the
right amount and kind of atmosphere. This
eliminates(
除去
) all those
planets
in the universe that are not
about the same size and weight as the earth. A
smaller planet would
lose its
atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of
it.
Life also requires a
steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates
double stars, or stars that
flare up
suddenly. Only single stars that are steady
sources of heat and light like our sun would
qualify.
Finally, life could
evolve(
进化
) only if the
planet is just the right distance from its sun.
With a
weaker sun than our own, the
planet would have to be closer to it. With a
stronger sun, it would
have to be
farther away.
If we
suppose that every star in the universe has a
family of planets, then how many planets
might support life? First, eliminate
those stars that are not like our sun. Next
eliminate most of
their
planets;
they
are
either
too
far
from
or
too
close
to
their
suns.
Then
eliminate
all
those
planets which are not
the same size and weight as the earth. Finally,
remember that the proper
conditions
do
not
necessarily
mean
that
life
actually
does
exist
on
a
planet.
It
may
not
have
begun
yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems
to leave very few planets on which earthlike life
might be
found. However, even if life
could exist on only one planet in a million, there
are so many billions
of planets that
this would still leave a vast number on which life
could exist.
（
1
）
The
existence of life depends on all of the following
factors EXCEPT .
right amount of atmosphere
own solar system
heat and light
right distance from the sun
（
2
）
Which of the
following statements is INCORRECT?
planet must be as big and
heavy as the earth.
conditions are essential to the existence of
life.
stars can provide
steady light and heat.
distance between a planet and its sun should be
right.
（
3
< br>）
What kind of planet might NOT
support life?
of the planets of the stars.
similar to our sun.
s similar to the earth.
s with proper conditions.
（
4
）
At
the end of the passage the author suggests that
.
is impossible
for life to exist on planets
ike life could only exist on a few
planets
could exist on only
one planet in a million
could exist on a great number of
planets
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
< br>C
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，整个宇宙都是由同一种物质构成的，物质在宇宙的
每一部分都遵循同样的规律。因此，
我们有理由猜测，其他恒星，以及它们自己的行星，
都是以与我们太阳系相同的方式诞生
的。我们对地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在适当的
条件，生命就会出现。
（
1
< br>）
考
查
细
节
理
解
。
根
据
第
三
段
中
的
“Life
requires
the
right
amount
and
kind
of
atmospher
e”
；第四段中
“Life
also
requires
a
steady
supply
of
heat
and
light.”
以及第五段中
“Finally, life could
evolve(
进化
) only if the
planet is jus
t the right distance from
its sun”
可知，生
命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气
、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好
处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太
阳系。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查
细节理解。根据第四段中的
“Life also requires a
steady supply of heat and light. This
eliminates
double
stars,
or
stars
that
flare
up
suddenly.
”
可知，生命
也需要稳定的光和热供
应。这就排除了双星，或突然爆发的恒星。故选
< br>C
。
（
3
）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的
< br>“First,
eliminate
those
stars
that
are
not
like
our
sun. Next eliminate most of their
planets; they are either too far from or too close
to their suns.
Then
eliminate all
those
planets
which
are
not
the
same
size
and
weight
as
the earth.
Finally,
remember that the
proper conditions do not necessarily mean that
life actually does exist on a
planet.”<
/p>
可知，大部分行星都不能维持生命，因为他们要么离太阳太近，要么离太阳太远，
要么与地球大小和重量不一样，而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命确实。故选
A
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
< br>“However, even if life cou
ld exist
on only one planet
in
a
million,
there
are
so
many
billions
of
planets
that
this
would
still
leave
a
vast
number
on
which life could
exist.”
可知，
然而，即使生
命可能只存在于百万分之一的行星上，但仍有数
十亿的行星可能存在生命。可知，生命可
能在许多星球存在。故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇科普类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
Several
years
ago,
I
began
asking
my
friends
and
family
to
tell
me
something
about
their
passwords. Yes, I understand why
passwords are universally hated: the pressure they
put on our
memory
and
the
endless
demand
to
update
them.
I
hate
them
too.
But
there
is
more
to
passwords than their
annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so
that we can remember
them, they take on
secret lives.
There was
a former prisoner whose password includes what
used to be his prison ID number to
constantly tell him not to go back. And
there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose
password
is the name of the baby she
lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him
alive, I guess).
Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several
people said they used
that when they
forgot it, the software automatically promoted
them with the right one (
password is
incorrect
Some passwords
were striking for their uniqueness. After reading
Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean
in: Women,
Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running
partner of mine, found her role
model
and began using
for the year (2019) of
the password's creation.
computer
scientist
who
loves
wordplay.
It
stood
for
next
sentence
is
true.
The
previous
sentence is
false
The 4622 that my
wife used in her passwords was not just the
address of her father's childhood
home
but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently,
when the former 120 kg football standout
was
a
small
boy,
he
had
to
sing
his
home
address
(4622
South
28
th
West
Avenue)
in
one
full
breath
rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his
stutter (
口吃
) would embarrass
him.
（
1
）
Why
did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his
password?
rebuild his reputation.
remind him to act legally.
fight against his poor memory.
hide the unpleasant
experience.
（
2
）
What did Cortni Kerr think of
Sheryl Sandberg's book?
ul.
sting.
ve.
ing.
（
3
）
What might be the best
title for the text?
reasons why people hate
passwords.
unusual
passwords.
secret lives of
passwords.
best ways to
make your passwords unique.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也
包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘
密。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
“There was a
former prisoner whose passwor
d includes
what used to be his prison ID number to
constantly tell him not to go back.”
可知这
名坐过牢的
囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪
）。因此选
B
。
（
2
）考查
推理判断。根据第四段中的
“Cortni Kerr, a running
partner of mine, found her role
model
and began using ‘Wwssdol9’, which stood
for ‘What would Sheryl Sandberg do’plus
'19’ for
the year (2019) of the
password's
creation.”
可知
Cortni
Kerr
读完
Sheryl Sandberg's book
的书
后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出
Cortni
Kerr
认为
Sheryl
Sandberg
的书很激励人心。
故选
D
。
（
3
）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了
有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密
码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项
C.
The
secret
lives
of
password
s.“
密码里
的人生秘密
”
为短文的最佳标题。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意
三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上
下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
< br>
5
．
阅读理解
Most of us have been in this
situation: You're on your way to your friend's
house, then you
suddenly
ask
yourself,
I
remember
to
turn
the
lights
off?”
For
those
with
homes
however,
this wouldn't be a problem.
Over
the
last
few
years,smart
home
technology
has
become
more
popular.
Thanks
to
user-
friendly
products like intelligent lighting and heating
controllers, people can control nearly every
electrical item in their homes from
anywhere in the world.
While smart homes aren't new, companies like
Philips, Amazon and Xiaomi have finally brought
automation
to
everyday
people
with
affordable
products
like
artificial
intelligence(AI)
speakers
and
sensors.
“The
obvious message is that you can stop wasting
energy,” Tom Kerber, director of research
for U. S -based digital company Parks
Associates, told The Guardian.
And the technology also has more
meaningful uses. In Norway, for example, one
company is
using
smart
tech
to
make
life
easier
for
its
elderly
customers.
Abilia's
system
allows
carers
to
check
up
on
patients
through
a
tablet
on
a
wall
inside
their
home.
The
device
sends
patients
reminders about tasks, such as when
they need to take
medication(
冥想
). It can even
tell carers if
there's any unusual
activity in the home that could be life-
threatening.
“This kind
of
system
allows
people
to
take
care
of
themselves, which
is
th
e most
important
thing,”
Abilia's
vice
president,
Oystein
Johnsen,
told
the
BBC.
also
saves
the
government
money. In Norway,
it costs 1 million kroner(about 0. 8 million yuan
)per year to have someone in
a care
home. This system costs 15,000 kroner a
y
ear.”
So,
for those who have already
the
old-fashioned
way?
think
it
would
be
difficult.
When
we
go
to
a
friend's
house
or
on
vacation we
find ourselves expecting the house to do things
for us that we should do,
35, a senior
program manager from Seattle.,U.
S.,explained.
（
1<
/p>
）
What are the first and
second paragraphs used for?
A. Introducing the topic.
B. Describing the situation.
C. Advertising smart homes.
D. Putting forward the author's
opinion.
（
2
）
What do Philips, Amazon and
Xiaomi have in common?
A. They are all designing smart homes.
B. They are all U. S -based digital
company.
C. They've
all
advanced
in
smart
technology.
D. They've
all
received
affordable
products
automatically.
（<
/p>
3
）
What does
Abilia's system allow users to do in Norway?
A. To take care of
themselves. B. To buy
user-friendly products.
C.
To control heating and cooling.
D. To switch lights through a tablet.
<
/p>
（
4
）
What
's Poulson's attitude to smart technology?
A. Cautious.
B. Favorable C. Ambiguous.
D. Disapproving.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
C
（
3
）<
/p>
A
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了智能家居领域又有了新的进展。
(1)
考查推理判断。第一、二段是对智能家居的现象的描述，从第三段开始文章介绍了智能
家居在人们日常生活中的发展及应用，因此，第一、二段是为了引出
“
智能家居
”
的话题。
故
选
A
。
(2
)
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“...
companies
like
Philips
Amazon
and
Xi
aomi
have
finally
brought automation to everyday people
with affordable products like artificial intellige
nce
（
AI
）
speakers
and
se
nsors
．
”
可知，这几家公司已经
通过人们负担得起的产品将自动化带到人们
的日常生活中，因此，它们的共同点是都在智
能科技方面取得了进步。故选
C
。
<
/p>
(3)
考查细节理解。根据第六段中的
“
This
kind
of
system
allows
people
to
take
care
of
themselves, which is the most important
thing, ‘Abilia's vice president,Oystein Johnsen,
told the
BBC
．
...”
可知，
Alibia
的系统可以让使
用者照顾自己。故选
A
。
(4)
考查推理判断。最后一段中波尔森说的话承接该段第一句提出的问题
for
those
who
have already'gone
smart', will it ever be possible to go back to do
things in the old
－
fashioned
way
？
”
。
他认为如果没有了智能技术，人们很难再用老的方式做事情，如我们去朋友家或
外出度假
时，我们会希望房子能够做一些本该我们做的事情。由此可推测，波尔森对智能
技术持支
持态度。故选
B
。
< br>【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需
< br>要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。
6
．
阅读理解
One of the hardest parts of living
abroad is being away from your loved ones,
especially your
family.
While
my
friends
are
so
important
to
me,
I've
personally
found
it
more
difficult
being
away from
family.
However, I was
fortunate that my mum and sister recently found
the time to see me. Both my
sister and
I have major birthdays this year as she's tuming
18 and I'll be 21. My sister is a very big
music
fan
and
this year,
I
created
my
status
as
the
best
older
sister
by
keeping an eye
out
for
music concerts in Paris.
In our home town of Leicester, we don't regularly
get many well-known
artists
playing
in
our
city.
But
in
Paris,
I
managed
to
get
the
best
18th
birthday
present
of
all:
tickets
for all three of us to see my sister's favorite
American rapper, Angel Haze.
I will try to visit for my sister's
actual birthday in June, the chance for my sister
and my mum to