科技论文英文写作规范
情人节的惊喜-
科技论文英文写作规范
I.
Structural
features of research paper
:
1)
文的英文标题
;
2)
作者署名;
3)
摘要书写、
4)
关键词
5)
正文;
:
introduction
6)
参考文献
II. Language
Features of a Research Paper
1)An
objective account of a research procedure, which
is based on
what was done and how was
done, but not who did it.
2)Long
sentences
and
passive
voice
are
frequently
seen
in
the
paper.
It
has
been
popular
to
think
of
disease
as
arising
in
disorders
of
cellular function since the time of
Virchow(
魏尔啸
), and recently
it
has
been
appropriate
to
talk
of
molecular
disease,
but
it
seems
wise now
to recognize that this trend to
“
atomism
”
in the study of
disease may be less illuminating than
fashionable.
3)
Technical terms are found time and
again,
cytomeglovirus,
hypercholestero
le
mia<
/p>
Radioimmunoassay
III. How to write your paper in
English
Title
论文的英文标题
论文的英文标题应注意以下四点:
1
)
不能按汉
语的语序逐字对照翻译,应按英语的表达方式用名词短语表达,
一般
不用完整的句子。
2
)
标题应力求简练,实词
10
个左右,省略没有实<
/p>
际意义的词,如:
the
study
of
研究
,
the
investigation
of
调查
,
the
observation
of
观察
,
the
research
of
研究
,
the
analysis
of
分析
,
the
comparison
of
比较
,
等。如果标题过长,可以分出一
部分作为副标题。
3)
尽量避免用缩
写词,因为医用英文缩写词太多,容易使读者费解。
国外核心医学期刊中,对缩写词的使
用非常谨慎,第一次出现必须先
写全名,缩写附后加括号。国外医学期刊论文标题使用缩
写的情况不
占
1%
,而我国医学期刊中
论文标题用缩写词的却达
10%
以上,这也是
< br>不能与国际接轨的一例
。
4
)<
/p>
标题中常用的介词有
of
(表示动宾关系,
所属关系,或同位关系)
, on
(表示对
…
的作用或影响)
, in
(在某范围
或人群中)
,
with
(患有某种疾病)
, for
(其目的或以便
…
)等。
英文标题与汉语标题对比举例
:
1
)
Essential fatty
acids
in
full term infants
fed breast milk or formula
足月婴儿母乳喂养和配方喂养必须脂肪酸
对比研究
)
Fatty
acid
composition
of
lipid
classes
in
maternal
and
cord
plasma
at
birth
新生婴儿母体及脐血浆脂类脂肪酸成份
分析
3
)
Motor
vehicle
occupant
deaths
among
hisp
a
nic
and
black
children
and
teenagers
美国西班牙人与黑人青少年中骑摩托死亡率
分析
4
)
Effect
of
prednisone
on
response
to
influenza virus vaccine
in
asthmatic
children
普地尼松
对哮喘儿童流感病毒疫苗反应影响
Middle ear effusion
among
children diagnosed and treated
actively
for
acute
otitis media
分析儿童中耳积液诊断为急性中耳炎并照此治疗的后果
5
)
Familial
lipoprotein lipase deficiency
in infancy: Clinical, biochemical,
and molecular study
婴儿期家族性脂蛋白脂酶缺乏症(临床生化和分子学研究)
6
)
Cow’s milk
protein allergy
as
a cause
of
anal
f
i
stula and
f
i
ssures: A case
report
(一例)牛奶蛋白过敏引起的肛瘘肛裂(病例报告)
7
)
Gastroesophageal
reflux and cow
’s milk allergy
in
infants: A prospective
study
婴儿胃食管回流与牛奶过敏(有关的前瞻性研究)
8
)
Hepatitis B
surface antigenemia
at
birth: A long-term follow-up study
(长期随访研究)新生儿乙肝表面血清抗原
9
)
Changes
in
sleep
position
during
infancy:
A
prospective
longitudinal
assessment
(前瞻性纵向评估)婴儿期卧势的变化
10
)
Traumatic brain injury in high school
athletes
高中生运动员脑外伤
研
究
11
)
Risk factors
for infant h
o
micide in the
United States
美国幼儿凶杀案危险因素
调
p>
查
12
)
Randomised
controlled trial of aminophylline for severe acute
asthma
氨苯碱治疗急重哮喘的随机对比实验
研究
13)
Long-term
eff
ects
of
nurse
home
visitation
on
children’s
criminal
behavior:
15-year follow-up
of a randomized controlled trial
护士家
访对犯罪儿童行为的长期影响——
15
年随访对比实验研究
p>
注
1
英文斜体词提示了介词的应用,划线部分提示了并列连接
的使用,大量名
词词组的连接都是由介词和并列连接词的
句法功能来完成。
注:
汉语加括号部分是与英文不对等
部分,英文中为副标题,而汉语不一定
部分。
Authors
英文署名
用汉语拼音署名已被国际上
认可,为次不必把姓和名倒置,为了区别姓
和名,现在惯用的方法是:姓在前,全部大写
汉语拼音,名在后,只大写第一
个字母。
中国人复名较多,
p>
连节一起即可。
如:
WANG
Fang
(
王方)
;
LIN Guoyou
(林国友)
,
也可以是
Lin Guoqiang
(林国强)
。署名三人为易,三人以上的
作者省去,加
et al
(
等
)
。如:
Leanne V
. Jones, Rosalind L.
Smyth; Janice P
Richmond
a,*
, Marion
E. Wright
b
(* corresponding author).
Department of Surgery, the First
Teaching Hospital, Xinxinag Medical
College 453001, Weihui
, china , the
Affiliated Hospital
作者单位
作者单位在作者之后,按从小到大顺序排列,实词大写第一个字母,如:
Department
of
Nephrology,
Shanghai
Children’s
Hosp
ital,
Shanghai
200040,
P.R.C
中国上海市儿童医院肾病科
School
of
Nursing
and
Midwifery,
University
of
Dundee,
Ninewells
Hospital,
Dundee
DD19SY
, Scotland, UK
Body of
Abstract
摘要正文
写好英文
摘要的正文有助于稿件的采用,目前美国儿科核心期刊文摘
(
C
ore Journals in Pediatrics
)英文摘要有50%以上是结
构式摘要,摘要的长
度在200至400词左右。摘要正文的写作按照论文
IMRAD
(
Introduction,
Methods,
Results
and
Discussion)
的格
式对重点进行加工整理,以引导词
(
Objective,
Methods, Results and Conclusion
)
所提示的内容描述。
而英国一些
期刊的结构式摘要力求
祥实,大都有七部分组成:
Objectives;
Design;
Setting;
Subjects; Main outcome measurements
Results; Conclusion.
摘要的长度在
4
00
词左右。有的作者对写摘要不够重视,三言两语,不能体现文中的主要内容,
这样不易采用。
英文摘要的写作既有格式和内容的要求,
又有科技英语语言特
点的要求,举例说明如下:
Abstract (Language
features)
1)
Objectives
的语言特点是以动词不定式开头,言简意赅。
如:
1)
1)To
identify
鉴别
2)To
describe
complications of
描述
3)To
assess
the
effectiveness of
评价效度
4) To
determine
whether/if
测定
/
推断
5)To
examine
the relation between
探讨
…
之间的关系
6)To
evaluate
the
systemic availability and…
评价
7)To investigate
the efficacy and safety of /
探讨
8)
To
establish
a model
建立模型
9)To
measure
the
serum concentrations of /
测量血清浓度
a
prospective, single blind, randomized trial
进行前瞻性单盲随
机实验
11)To
summarize
the evidence on the efficacy of
12)To
ascertain
the outcome
associated with…/
确定
13)To
review
the clinical features, treatment, and
outcome of children…
56
cases with anemia in children were
reviewed from 2000 to 2003.
Methods
语言特点是用完整的句子叙述,
谓语语动词用一般过去时
,
被动语态。
该部分包括设计
如:
experimental
study;
case
control
study;
prospective,
double-blind
study;
cross-over
study
of
duration
of
six
weeks;
包括研究对象:
subjects,
patients, rats…; 分组
study
group and control
group
;包括用药时间,
检测方法
by radioimmunoassay
等,如:
临床检查术语
Immunofluo
re
scence method
免疫荧光法
Immunoelect
roab
sor
ption
免疫电吸附法
Immunoelectropho
re
sis
免疫电泳法
I
mmunoelectro microscopic
method
免疫电镜法
R
a
dioimmuno
a
ssay
放射免疫测定法
< br>R
a
dioallergeo
s
or
bent test
放射变应原吸附实验
R
a
dioactive
i
sotope scanning
放射性核素扫描
R
< br>a
dio
i
sotope
scanning
放射性同位素扫描
R
a
dionuclide
angiography
放射性核素血管造影
Radionuclide emission computed
tom
o
graphy
放射性核素计算机体层扫描
Quantitative gel diffusion test
定量凝胶扩散实验
Quantitative maculo-perimetry
定量黄斑视野检查法
Quantitative
perimetry
定量视野检查法
Quantitative precipitation test