跨文化交际论文英文版
圣诞节那天-
跨文化交际论文英文版
大学生跨文化交际中的障碍和能力的培养
A brief analysis of
the application of
body language in cross-cultural Communication
Specialty:
Name: Student ID:
Advisor:
College of
Foreign Languages
Nov , xx
Acknowledgements
In
writing this paper, I
want
to
thank
all
my
teachers ,for
their teaching
and kind support, their continuous
encouragement and massive help during
these years. To the my
twenty
six
classmates
who
helped
me
with
my
research,
for
their
enthusiastic
participation;To
my
friends
in
shijiazhuang,
bei
__g, Liverpool, Western Ontario
encouragement and great
support.
Second, I would like
to express my heartfe lt gratitude to
professors
Fu
Tianjun,
my
advisor
who
spent
much
of
his
precious
time discussing
with me and helping me to narrow the topic at
the initial stages, as well as showing
great concern for my
progress. I am
deeply indebted for his assistance in helping
me to aomplish this study. Without his
encouragement and
specific guidance,
the pletion of this thesis would have been
impossible. In addition, he has been
very kind to me whenever
I confronted
problems during the project.
Also,
I
hereby
express
my
sincere
gratitude
to
my
classmates
and
roommates,
who
helped
me
to
do
the
data
collection
I
needed
for this project.
They have generously offered their help at
the preparatory stage during this
study. Finally, I thank the
subjects
whose cooperation and participation contributed to
the very basis for this research work.
Abstract
In
the
21st
century,
as
the
economic
and
cultural
exchanging
of
all
countries
bees
more
and
more
frequent,
there
appear
more
obstacles caused by the differences of
language and culture.
In
intercultural
munication,
one
of
the
most
useful
ways
to
deal
with the
obstacles is to master the meaning of body
language.
However,
even
if
we
understand
the
meaning
of
some
general
body
language, there are also some
difficulties to master because
even
the
same
body
language
has
great
differences
in
different
culture background and have different
social functions. This
article devotes
to a parison and contrast of body language in
different
cultures
in
terms
of
eye
language,
gestures,
postures,
facial expressions and touch. Using
body languages wrongly
makes
you
fail
in
interpersonal
munications,
which
would
cause
conflict in international munication.
So what are the
differences
of
the
same
body
language
in
different
country?
How
to apply body language
correctly? In this essay, after
borrowing and studying the experience
of the forefathers, the
author analyzes
the various usages and functions of body
language
in
different
culture
background.
It
aims
to
illustrate
the differences
and similarities of body language and put
forward the principles of reducing
barriers in munication so
as to achieve
efficient munication and to avoid
misunderstanding.
Key Words: intercultural munication;
cultural
difference;body language;
摘
要
21
世纪，
随着国际经济文化交流的
加深，由于语言，文化的差
异而产生的障碍随时都可能存在，
在
跨文化交际中，
消除障碍的最有
效的方法就是了解身势语的含义
。
然而即使我们对常用的身势语有所
了解，我们仍然面临着一些
困难，身势语含义千变万化，即使同一身
势语在不同的文化背景都有不同的含义，
行使着不同的社会功能。
本
文致力于从目光语
，手势语，身体姿态，面部表情，体触语方面对不
同文化的身势语进行对比。
错误地用身势语不仅会使我们在跨文化交
际中失败，
而且会造成和外国朋友之间的冲突，
所以怎样正确地使用
身势
语，
怎样理解身势语的差异都非常重要，
该篇论文中作者在借鉴
前人成果的基础上分析了各种身势语在不同文化背景下的用法和功
能。
目的在于通过列举身势语的文化差异与共性，
并提出交际
中遵循
的原则，从而促进有效交流
,
避
免误解。
关键词：跨文化交际；文化差异；身体语言
Table of contents
Acknowledg
ements
………………………………………………………
…
……………………
i Abstract in
English
……………………………………………………
……………
……………
ii Abstract in
Chinese
……………………………………………………
……………
…………
iii Chapter one
Introduction
…………………………………………………
…………
………
3
1.1 Significance of study
1.2 Structure of this
paper
Chapter Two
Literature
Review
……………………………
……………
3
2.1. Concept of Body
Language
…………………………………………………………
3
2.2. Classification and Functions of
Body
Language
…………………
.4
2.3. Examples of Body
Language
……………………………………………………
…
..6
2.4.
Necessities of Body Language in Intercultural
Communication
…………………
.
8 Chapter Three The Differences
of Body
Language in Various Countries.10
3.1. Eye
Contact
…………………………………………………………………
..
......10
3.2.
Smile
………………………………………………………………………<
/p>
…
.....12
3.3. Body
Distance
…………………………………………………………………
.
...13
3.4.
Touch
………………………………………………………………………
……
..14
3.5.
Gestures
…
………………………………………………………………
………
.
.16
Chapter Four The
Similarities of Body Language and Their
Reasons..
…
19
4.1. The Similarities
of Body
Language
………………………………
………………
..19
4.2. The Causes Resulting in the Similarities of
Body
Language
………………
.........20
4.3. The Principles
of Reducing Barriers in
Communication
…………………………
.20
Chapter Five
Conclusion
……………………………………
.......21
References
………………………………………………………………
…………
.. .21
The film, through performing Vianne
and her daughter who
bore family
mission came to a strange closed village. Due to
the difference between the conservative
small town and the
openness of Vianne,
Vianne was
boycotted
by some
conservatives,
especially
the
count. But finally, with
using the human freedom and self,
Vianneopened the door to the desire and
pursuit of the people
in the town.
Of course, there are
many cultural conflicts in the film.
But
what
impressed
me
most
wasthe
cultural
conflict
of
Vianne.
This was her
character's own contradictions, but these
contradictions also made the character
more real. At the same
time,
seemingly
contradictory
belonged to
Vianne
herself,
but
also
reflected the conflict between values and cultural
differences.
In the film, when the wind came,
with the family's mission
and
responsibility,
Vianne
prepared
to
leave
the
village
to
go
to the next place. Before
her leaving, Josephine stopped her
by
asking her,
“
Do you believe
anything you told me? Do you
believe I
can be
better?
”
Vianne did not
answer her, in fact, this question
was
also what she always asked herself.
the
family tradition? Do I have the ability to be
better?
she
told
everyone
should
follow
the
feeling,
but she only
followed the north wind.
Here
the
culture
conflict
is
mainly
about
whether
we
should
restrain
ourselves
in
order
to
rite
things
or
follow
the
heart
and do what we want to do. Though this
conflict was on Vianne
herself, it was
the mon point of the all cultural conflictsin
the whole movie. At the same time, it
wasthe reason why
intercultural
munication
was relatively
easy
to
cause
culture
conflict.
From the perspective of theory,
intercultural munication
refers to any
one of the world's people or cultural groups,
without regarding to the extent of
their civilization, have a
fixed
pattern of cultureas their own standardsto
determine
whether other cultural groups
are scientific and reasonable,
and
insist their own cultural values are correct.
Therefore,
people from different
cultures in the world, due to their own
cultural values and ways of doing
things, are easy to lead to
the same
behavior in different cultures have different
meanings.
The cultural conflict is a very mon phenomenon in
intercultural munication, and it also
has its rationality and
necessity.
The
so-called
cultural
conflictmainly
refers
to
the
different cultural subjectshave the
relationship of opposing
or
denying
each
other
in
the
political
and
legal
thoughts,
moral
religion, philosophy,
values, social psychology, traditional
habits, customs, and other aspects. In
other words, it is the
conflict of the
social subjects in the spiritual disposition
and ideology.
Here are some characteristics of
cultural conflicts.
Firstly, cultural
conflicts are nonlinear. It means that
inhomogeneous
cultures
like
different
waters,
and
a
few
or
many
waters of the conflict is often
plex. Secondly,
cultural conflicts are indirect. It means
that cultural conflicts are in the
psychological, emotional,
ideological
and other spiritual areas. So the result is that
people unknowingly changed, and this
change takes a long time
to show.
Thirdly, cultural conflicts are internal. It means
that concept is the core of the
culture, and cultural
conflictsare
often reflected in the conflict of concepts.
Fourthly, cultural conflicts are
blending. It means that
cultural
conflicts
and
cultural
blending
are
always
aompanying
with each other.
At present, there are
two main reasons for the
culturalconflict.
Firstly,
the
specifications
of
behaviorsare
different.
The
specific meaning of the
behavioral criterion is the moral
standard
and
the
code
of
conduct
which
is
shared
by
the
society.