高中英语 美文杂谈必备知识点 中节的来历介绍中英文翻译
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高中英语美文杂谈必备知识点：中秋节的来历介绍中英文翻译
The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was
celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth
moon, around the time of the autumn
equinox(
秋分
). Many referred
to it simply as
the
农历
8<
/p>
月
15
日是中国的中秋节，接近秋分时节
。很多人将中秋节简单的理解为与“
8
月
15
的月亮”相关。
This
day
was
also
considered
as
a
harvest
festival
since
fruits,
vegetables
and
grain had been harvested by this time
and food was abundant. Food offerings were
placed
on
an
altar
set
up
in
the
courtyard.
Apples,
pears,
peaches,
grapes,
pomegranates(
石榴
),
melons,
oranges
and
pomelos(
柚子
)
might
be
seen.
Special
foods
for
the festival included moon cakes, cooked
taro(
芋头
)and water
caltrope(
菱角
),
a
type
of
water
chestnut
resembling
black
buffalo
horns.
Some
people
insisted
that
cooked taro be included
because at the time of creation, taro was the
first food
discovered at night in the
moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be
omitted
from the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The
round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in
diameter and one and a
half inches in
thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste
and consistency.
These cakes were made
with melon seeds(
西瓜子
), lotus
seeds(
莲籽
),
almonds(
杏仁
),
minced meats, bean paste, orange peels
and lard(
猪油
). A golden
yolk(
蛋黄
) from a
salted duck egg was placed at the
center of each cake, and the golden brown crust
was
decorated
with
symbols
of
the
festival.
Traditionally,
thirteen
moon
cakes
were
piled in a pyramid to symbolize the
thirteen moons of a
twelve moons plus
one intercalary(
闰月的
) moon.
uUlsda E
The
Mid-Autumn
Festival
is
a
traditional
festivity
for
both
the
Han
and
minority
nationalities. The custom of
worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as
the
ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties
(2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066
B.C.-221
B.C.),
people
hold
ceremonies
to
greet
winter
and
worship
the
moon
whenever
the
Mid-
Autumn
Festival
sets
in.
It
becomes
very
prevalent
in
the
Tang
Dynasty(618-907
A.D.)
that
people
enjoy
and
worship
the
full
moon.
In
the
Southern
Song
Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send
round moon cakes to their
relatives as
gifts in expression of their best wishes of family
reunion. When it
becomes dark, they
look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing
on lakes to
celebrate
the
festival.
Since
the
Ming
(1368-1644
A.D.
)
and
Qing
Dynasties
(1644-1911A.D.),
the
custom
of
Mid-Autumn
Festival
celebration
becomes
unprecedented popular. Together with
the celebration there appear some special
customs
in
different
parts
of
the
country,
such
as
burning
incense(
熏香
),
planting
Mid-Autumn
trees,
lighting
lanterns
on
towers
and
fire
dragon
dances.
However,
the
custom of playing under the moon is not
so popular as it used to be nowadays, but
it is not less popular to enjoy the
bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets
1
in, people
will look up at the full silver moon, drinking
wine to celebrate their
happy life or
thinking of their
relatives and
friends far from home, and extending
all of their best wishes to them.
Moon Cakes
月饼
There
is
this
story
about
the
moon-cake.
during
the
Yuan
dynasty
(A.D.
1280-1368)
China was ruled by the Mongolian
people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty
(A.D. 960-1280) were unhappy at
submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to
coordinate the rebellion without being
discovered. The leaders of the rebellion,
knowing
that
the
Moon
Festival
was
drawing
near,
ordered
the
making
of
special
cakes.
Backed
into
each
moon
cake
was
a
message
with
the
outline
of
the
attack.
On
the
night
of
the
Moon
Festival,
the
rebels
successfully
attached
and
overthrew
the
government.
Today,
moon
cakes
are
eaten
to
commemorate
this
legend
and
was
called
the
Moon
Cake.
For
generations,
moon
cakes
have
been
made
with
sweet
fillings
of
nuts,
mashed
red
beans,
lotus-seed
paste
or
Chinese
dates(
枣子
),
wrapped
in
a
pastry.
Sometimes
a cooked egg yolk can be found in the
middle of the rich tasting dessert. People
compare
moon
cakes
to
the
plum
pudding
and
fruit
cakes
which
are
served
in
the
English
holiday seasons.
中秋节的来历
农历八月十五，
< br>是我国传统的中秋节，
也是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。
< br>八月十
五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。我国古历法把处在秋季中间的八月，称
为“仲秋”
，所
以中秋节又叫“仲秋节”
。
中秋节是个古老的节日，
祭月赏月是节日的重要习俗。
古代帝王有春天祭日，
秋天祭月
的社制，民家也
有中秋祭月之风，到了后来赏月重于祭月，严肃的祭祀变成了轻松的欢娱。
中秋赏月的风
俗在唐代极盛，许多诗人的名篇中都有咏月的诗句，
宋代、明代、清代宫廷和
民间的拜月赏月活动更具规模。我国各地至今遗存着许多“拜月坛”
、
“拜月亭”
、
“望月楼”
< br>的古迹。北京的“月坛”就是明嘉靖年间为皇家祭月修造的。每当中秋月亮升起，于露天设
案，将月饼、石榴、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上，拜月后，全家人围桌而坐，边吃边谈，共赏明
月。
根据史籍的记载，
“中秋”一词最早
出现在《周礼》一书中。到魏晋时，有“谕尚书镇
牛淆，
中秋夕
与左右微服泛江”
的记载。
直到唐朝初年，
中秋节才成为固定的节日。
《唐书·
太
宗记》记载有“八月十五中秋节”
。中秋节的盛行始于宋朝，至明清时，已与元旦齐
名，成
为我国的主要节日之一。这也是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日。
< br>中秋节起源的另一个说法是：
农历八月十五这一天恰好是稻子成熟的时刻，
各家都拜土
地神。中秋可能就是秋报的遗俗。
中秋节的传说
2
<
/p>
中秋节的传说是非常丰富的，
嫦娥奔月、
吴刚伐桂、
玉兔捣药之类的神话故事流传甚广。
嫦娥奔月
相传，
远古一个名叫后羿的英雄，射
下九个太阳，并严令最后一个太阳按时起落，
为民
造福。
后羿因此受到百姓的尊敬和爱戴，
娶了个美丽善良的妻子，
名叫嫦娥。后羿除传艺狩
猎外，
终日和妻子在一起
，
人们都羡慕这对郎才女貌的恩爱夫妻。
不少志士也慕名前来投
师
学艺，心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。
一天，
后羿到昆仑山访友求道，
巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，
便向王母娘娘求得一包不死
药。据说，服下此药，能即刻升天成仙。然而，
后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交
给嫦娥珍藏。
嫦娥将
药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，
不料被小人蓬蒙看见了，
他想偷吃不
死药自
己成仙。
三天后，后羿率众徒外出狩猎，<
/p>
心怀鬼胎的蓬蒙假装生病，留了下来。
待后羿率众人走
后不久，
蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院，
威逼嫦娥交
出不死药。
嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，
危急之时她当机立断
，转身打开百宝匣，
拿出不死药一口吞了下去。嫦娥吞下药，
身
子立时
向天上飞去。由于嫦娥牵挂着丈夫，便飞落到离人间最近的月亮上成了仙。
傍晚，后羿回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿既惊又怒，抽剑去杀恶徒，蓬蒙
早逃走了，
后羿气得捶胸顿足，
悲痛欲绝，
仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字，
这时他惊奇地发现，
今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮，
而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。
他
拼命朝月亮追去，
可是他追三
步，月亮退三步，他退三步，月亮
进三步，无论怎样也追不到跟前。
后羿无可奈何，
又思念妻子，只好派
人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里，摆上香案，放上她平时
最爱吃的蜜食鲜果，遥祭在月宫里眷恋
着自己的嫦娥。百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，
纷纷在月下摆设香案，
向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。
从此，
中秋节拜月的风
俗在民间传开了。
吴刚折桂
相传月
亮上的广寒宫前的桂树生长繁茂，
有五百多丈高，
下边有一个人
常在砍伐它，
但
是每次砍下去之后，
被
砍的地方又立即合拢了。几千年来，就这样随砍随合，这棵桂树永远
也不能被砍光。据说
这个砍树的人名叫吴刚，是汉朝西河人，曾跟随仙人修道，到了天界，
但是他犯了错误，
仙人就把他贬谪到月宫，日日做这种徒劳无功的苦差事，
以示惩处。
李白
诗中有“欲斫月中桂，持为寒者薪”的记载。
玉兔捣药
相传月亮之中有一只兔子，浑身洁
白如玉，故称作“玉兔”
。白兔拿着玉杵，跪地捣药，
成蛤蟆丸
，服用此等药丸可以长生成仙。久而久之，玉兔便成为月亮的代名词。
中秋“赏月”种种
3