完整上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结
-
上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结
一般现在时
1
、
定义：
表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、
状态
。
句中通常有
usually
，
often
，
every day
，
sometimes
，
always
，
at
weekends
，
on
Sundays
等表示经常性时间的短语。
2
、构成：
1
）当谓语是
be
动词时，一般现在时的构成：
主语＋
be
< br>动词＋其他
如：
I am a student.
He is Jim's father.
They are from Japan.
2
）当谓
语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：
①
主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他
如：
I often watch
TV at the weekends.
Mr Green and Mrs Green like
collecting stamps.
②
主语（
第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他
如：
Jim usually visits his
grandparents on Sundays.
She sometimes
goes to the park with her mother.
3
、动词三单形式的变化规则：
①
一般情况下，直接加
s
如：
read
-
read
s
，
swim
-
swims
②
以
s
，
x
，
sh
，
ch
，
o
结尾，加
es
如：
wash
-
washes
，
watch
-
watch
es
，
do
-
does
③
以辅音字母＋
y
结尾，变
y
为
i
，再加
es
如：
study
-
studies
，
fly
-
flies
④
不规则变化
如：
have
-
has
4
、一般现在时的句型转换：
肯定句
watchThey
TV
every day.
否定句
They don't watch TV
every
day.
一般疑问句及回答
—
Do they watch
TV every day?
—
Yes, they do.
/ No, they don't.
She watches TV
every day.
现在进行时
She doesn't
watch
TV every
day.
—
Does she watch TV every day?
—
Yes, she does. / No, she
doesn't.
1
、定义：表示
现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有
now
，
look
，
listen
等词。
如：
I am washing clothes now.
Look! Liu Tao is climbing
the tree.
Listen! Jane is
singing in the music room.
2
、构成：
be
动词（
am/is/are
）
+
动词现在
分词（
V
-
ing
）
3
、
动词现在分词
构成：
①
一般是在动词原形后加
ing
如：
read
-
reading
，
drink
-
drinking
，
eat
-
eating
，
look
-
looking
以不发音的
e
结尾的动词，去掉
e
②
，再加
ing
如：<
/p>
write
-
writing
，
make
-
makin
g
，
ride
-
riding
，
take
-
taking
③
以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一
个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加
ing
如：
sit
-
sitting
，
swim
-
swimming
，
put
-
putting
，
run
-
running
，
stop
-
stopping
，
get
-
gett
ing
，
begin
-
beginning
，
jog
-
jogging
，
forget
-
forgetting
4
、
动名词
其实就是动词的现在分词，
它既有名
词性质
（可作主语）
，
又有动词性质<
/p>
（可带宾语）
。
如：
Asking the way
My hobby is collecting
stamps.
He is good at
skating.
5
、现在进行时的句型转换：
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
—
Is he running now?
—
Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
He
is running
now.
He isn't running now.
They
are making
a puppet.
They
aren't making
a
puppet.
—
Are they
making
a puppet?
.
. / No, they
aren't
—
Yes, they
are
一般过去时
1
、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生
的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：
a moment
ago
，
just now
，
yesterday
，
last
week
，
this
morning
等。
如：
My brother often went to
school by bike last term.
The watch was
beside the diary a moment ago.
Jim went
to the supermarket yesterday.
2
、构成：
主语
＋
动词的过去式
＋
其他
3
、
动词过
去式
的变化规则：
①
一般在动词原形末尾加
ed
如：
play
-
played
，
listen
-
listened
，
look
-
looked
I
watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last
Mid
-
Autumn Festival.
结尾是
e
的
动词，加
d
②
如：
live
-
lived
，
like
-
liked
，
tast
e
-
tasted
③
辅音字
母＋
y
结尾的动词，变
y
为
i
，再加
ed
如：
study
-
studied
，
carry<
/p>
-
carried
，
cry
-
cried
④
末尾只
有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加
ed
如：
stop
-
stopped
，
plan
-
planned
⑤
不规则变化
如：
am/is
-
was
sit
-
sat
give
-
gave
eat
-
ate
fly
-
flew
read
-
read
tell
-
told
are
-
were
meet
-
met
buy
-
bought
have/has
-
had
see
-
saw
put
-
put
do
-
did
come
-
came
get
-
got
< br>run
-
randraw
-
drew go
-
went
make
-
made
say
-
said
sing
-
sang