(完整)上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结,推荐文档
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上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结
一般现在时
1
、
定义:
表示经常发生或习惯性的
动作、
状态。
句中通常有
usuall
y
,
often
,
every day
,
sometimes
,
always
,
at
weekends
,
on
Sundays
等表示经常性时间的短语。
2
、构成:
1
)当谓语是
be
动词
时,一般现在时的构成:
主语+
be
< br>动词+其他
如:
I am a
student.
He is
Jim’s father.
They
are from Japan.
2
)当谓语是
行为动词
时,一般现在时的构成:
①
主语
(非第三人称单数)
+动词原形
+其他
如:
I often
watch TV at the weekends.
Mr Green and Mrs Green like
collecting stamps.
②
主语
(第三人称单数)
+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他
如:
Jim usually visits his
grandparents on Sundays.
She sometimes
goes to the park with her mother.
3
p>
、
动词三单形式
的变化规则:
①
一般情况下,直接加
s
如:
read-
reads
,
swim-swims
②
以
s
p>
,
x
,
sh
,
ch
,
o
结尾,加
es
如:
wash-
washes
,
watch-
watches
,
do-does
③
以
辅音字
母+
y
结尾,变
y
为
i
,再加
es
如:
study-
studies
,
fly-flies
④
不规则变化
如:
have-has
4
、一般现在时的句型转换:
肯定句
They
watch
TV
every
day.
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
They
don’t watch
TV
—
Do
they
watch
TV every day?
every day.
—
Yes,
they
do
. / No, they
don’t
.
She
watches
TV
She
doesn’t
watch
—
Does
she
watch
TV every day?
every day.
TV every day.
—
Yes, she
does
. / No, she
doesn’t
.
现在进行时
1
、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有
now
,
look
,
listen
等词。
如:
I am washing clothes now.
Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.
Listen! Jane is singing in the music
room.
2
< br>、构成:
be
动词(
am/is
/are
)
+
动词现在分词(
V-ing
)
<
/p>
3
、
动词现在分词
构成:
①
一般是在动词原形后加
ing
如:
read-
reading
,
drink-
drinking
,
eat-
eating
,
look-looking
②
以不发音的
e
结尾的动词,去掉
e
,再加
ing
如:
write-
writing
,
make-
making
,
ride-
riding
,
take-taking
③
以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一
个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加
ing
如:
sit-
sitting
,
swim-
swimming
,
put-
putting
,
run-
running
,
stop-
stopping
,
get-
getting
,
begin-
beginning
,
jog-
jogging
,
forget-forgetting
4
、
动名词
其实就是动词的现在分词,
它既有名词性质
(可作主语)
,
又有动词性质
(可
带宾语)
。
如:
Asking the way
My hobby is collecting stamps.
He is good at skating.
5
、现在进行时的句型转换:
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
—
Is
he
running
now?
He
is running
now.
He
isn’t running
now.
—
Yes, he
is
. / No, he
isn’t
.
—
Are
they
making
a
puppet?
—
Yes,
they
are
. / No, they
aren’t
.
They
are making
a puppet.
They
aren’t
making
a puppet.
一般过去时
1
、定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
< br>a moment ago
,
just now
,
yesterday
,
last week
,
this
morning
等。
如:
My brother often went to
school by bike last term.
The watch was
beside the diary a moment ago.
I
watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid-
Autumn Festival.
Jim went to the
supermarket yesterday.
2
、构成:
主语
+
动词
的过去式
+
其他
3
、
动词过
去式
的变化规则:
①
一般在动词原形末尾加
ed
如:
play-
played
,
listen-
listened
,
look-looked
②
结尾是
e
的动词,加
d
如:
live-
lived
,
like-
liked
,
taste-tasted
③
辅音字母+
y
结尾的动词,变
y
为
i
,再加
ed
如:
study-
studied
,
carry-
carried
,
cry-cried
④
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音
节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加
ed
如:
stop-
stopped
,
plan-planned
⑤
不规则变化
如:
am/is-was
are-
were
have/has-had
do-did
go-went
say-said
sing-sang
swim-swam
take-took
sit-sat
tell-told
see-saw
get-got
make-made
give-gave
read-read
buy-bought
come-came
draw-drew
eat-ate
fly-flew
meet-met
put-put
run-ran