(完整)上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结,推荐文档

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2021年02月20日 23:41
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2021年2月20日发(作者:成年轻人电影免费20岁)


上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结



一般现在时




1


、


定义:


表示经常发生或习惯性的 动作、


状态。


句中通常有


usuall y


,


often


,

every day


,


sometimes


,


always


,


at weekends


,


on Sundays


等表示经常性时间的短语。







2


、构成:



1


)当谓语是


be


动词


时,一般现在时的构成:


主语+


be

< br>动词+其他



如:


I am a student.



He is


Jim’s father.



They


are from Japan.



2


)当谓语是


行为动词


时,一般现在时的构成:



①


主语


(非第三人称单数)


+动词原形 +其他



如:


I often watch TV at the weekends.

















Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps.


②


主语


(第三人称单数)


+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他



如:


Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.






She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.






3


、


动词三单形式


的变化规则:



①



一般情况下,直接加


s



如:


read- reads


,


swim-swims


②



以


s


,


x


,


sh


,


ch


,


o


结尾,加


es



如:


wash- washes


,


watch- watches


,


do-does


③



以


辅音字 母+


y


结尾,变


y

为


i


,再加


es



如:


study- studies


,


fly-flies


④



不规则变化



如:


have-has



4


、一般现在时的句型转换:



肯定句



They


watch


TV


every day.


否定句



一般疑问句及回答



They


don’t watch


TV


—


Do


they


watch


TV every day?


every day.


—


Yes, they


do


. / No, they


don’t


.


She


watches


TV


She


doesn’t



watch



—



Does


she


watch


TV every day?


every day.


TV every day.


—


Yes, she


does


. / No, she


doesn’t


.





现在进行时




1


、定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有


now


,


look


,


listen


等词。



如:


I am washing clothes now.






Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.






Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.




2

< br>、构成:


be


动词(


am/is /are


)


+


动词现在分词(


V-ing


)



< /p>


3


、


动词现在分词


构成:



①



一般是在动词原形后加


ing



如:


read- reading


,


drink- drinking


,


eat- eating


,


look-looking


②



以不发音的


e


结尾的动词,去掉


e


,再加


ing



如:


write- writing


,


make- making


,


ride- riding


,


take-taking


③



以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一 个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加


ing



如:


sit- sitting


,


swim- swimming


,


put- putting


,


run- running


,


stop- stopping


,


get- getting


,


begin- beginning


,


jog- jogging


,


forget-forgetting



4


、


动名词


其实就是动词的现在分词,


它既有名词性质

(可作主语)


,


又有动词性质


(可 带宾语)


。



如:


Asking the way


My hobby is collecting stamps.


He is good at skating.




5


、现在进行时的句型转换:



肯定句



否定句



一般疑问句及回答



—


Is


he


running


now?


He


is running


now.


He


isn’t running


now.




—


Yes, he


is


. / No, he


isn’t


.



—



Are


they


making


a puppet?



—


Yes, they


are


. / No, they


aren’t


.


They


are making




a puppet.





They


aren’t making




a puppet.




一般过去时



1


、定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:

< br>a moment ago


,


just now


,


yesterday


,


last week


,


this morning


等。



如:


My brother often went to school by bike last term.


The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.


I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid- Autumn Festival.


Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.



2


、构成:


主语


+


动词 的过去式


+


其他




3


、


动词过 去式


的变化规则:



①



一般在动词原形末尾加


ed



如:


play- played


,


listen- listened


,


look-looked



②



结尾是


e


的动词,加


d






如:


live- lived


,


like- liked


,


taste-tasted


③



辅音字母+


y


结尾的动词,变


y


为


i


,再加


ed






如:


study- studied


,


carry- carried


,


cry-cried


④



末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音 节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加


ed






如:


stop- stopped


,


plan-planned


⑤



不规则变化



如:


am/is-was


are- were


have/has-had


do-did


go-went


say-said


sing-sang


swim-swam


take-took


sit-sat


tell-told


see-saw


get-got


make-made


give-gave


read-read


buy-bought


come-came


draw-drew


eat-ate


fly-flew


meet-met


put-put


run-ran

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