英语省略句的用法

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2021年02月21日 03:24
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2021年2月21日发(作者:左半边翅膀歌词)


省略句的基本情况总结





省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面:





1.


为避免重复而进行的省略。





当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的 词、短语出现时,其中的第一个须保留,其余的往往省略,


以达到避免重复、使句子简练 的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是:当时间状语从句、地点状语从


句、方式状语从句、 让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有


be


时,往往将该状语从句中的主语和


be


一同省略 。例如:



He hurt himself while (he was) playing


basketball.


他在打篮球时受了伤。虽然身体还很虚弱,但他非常努力地工作。





2.


语法上的省略。





有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原 因


——


使表述更为简明,例如:



He got up at six (o’clock).



六点钟起床。十二岁。走了十英里路。





3.


习惯用法上的省略。





有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法 ,尤其是在口语中。例如,在问句中


be


常常省略,有时连


主语一起省略:



Very easy


很简单吗





A. any B. some C. few D. many





[答案]



C





[解析]


下划线处之前的


but


决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项


C



题干中的


“f ew good ones”


为省略句形式,单独看起来不好理解,应联系上文理解为< /p>


“He has made few good films.”



1.


____ and I’ll get the work finished.




A. Have one more hour




B. One more hour




C. Given one more hour



D. If I have one more hour








[答案]



B





[解析]


表示时间的名词


one more hour


在这里相当于祈使句


“Give me one more hour.”




and


后面的陈述句并列,


表示时间的名词经常可以以单独出现 的省略形式表示一个祈使句的含义。





[考题


3




After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.





A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit





C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit





[答案]



D





[解析]表示他清醒之后回忆起过 去发生的情况,应选用动名词的形式而不是不定式的形式,


先排除选项

< br>A



B


;由于主语是被袭击,应 表示出被动语态,进一步排除


C


而选出


D



D


选项中的


hit


前省略了与其并列的宾语当中相同的


“having been”






[考题


4




The police found that the house ____ and a lot of things ____.





A. has broken into; has been stolen





B. had broken into; had been stolen





C. has been broken into; stolen





D. had been broken into; stolen





[答案]



D





[解析]



主句谓语动词


found


后有两个并列 的宾语从句,



两个宾语从句中的主语


the


house



a lot of things


都是物,



两个宾语从句 中的谓语动词都应采用过去完成时的被动语态形式来表示


在警方发现之前已经完成的被动 动作,



四个选项中前半部分采用了过去完成时的被动语态形式 的


只有选项


D




因此应选


D


。本题第二个下划线处 采用了


stolen


的形式,



这属于为避免重复而省略


的形式,



省略了与前一宾语从句相同的成分


had been




2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____.





A. the other is white



B. another white





C. the other white





D. another is white








[答案]



C





[解析]特指木板的另一侧应使用定冠词


the

,因此首先要排除表示泛指意义的选项


B



D



又因为


A


选项不能表示出与前面分句一致的被动动作,因此选


C


。本题下划线处采用了


the


other

< br>white


的形式,这属于为避免重复而使用的省略句,其完整形式为

< p>
“the other side of the board should


be painted white”




3. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to


change it.




A. begins



B. having begun



C. beginning



D. begun








[答案]



D





[解析]



once


后省略了


it(


指前面刚被提及的


the research) is


,下划线表示一个


“(


研究


)


被开始,


被启动



的 被动动作,应该采用过去分词的形式,因此本题选


D


。注意:本 题题干中省略的


it(the


research) is


是顺承上文而自然进行的省略,被省略后仍可以很清楚地把握它的意思,而且使得整个


句子更为简练。



4.


He


speaks


English


well


indeed,


but


of


course


not


____


a


native


speaker.





A. as fluent as






B. more fluent than





C. so fluently as




D. much fluently than








[答案]



C





[解析]



but


在本题中作并列连词连接两个分句,


后一分句属于省略句,



为了避 免重复而省


略了主句中的主语


he


和比 较状语从句中的谓语


speaks English




由此可以看出题干 中是在对


he



a native s peaker


说英语的熟练程度进行比较。说英语的熟练程度应选用副词


fluently




所以首 先排


除选项


A




B




much fluently than


than


前面没有出现


fluently

< br>的比较级的形式,



应进一步排除


选项


D


而选出


C





[考题


8




No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the


world.





A. performed B. performing





C. to be performed D. being performed





[答案]



A





[解析]题干中让步状语从句的原型为


no matter how frequently they are performed(


无论这些< /p>


作品是如何经常地被表演


)


,其中的


they are


可以省略。





[考题


9




The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____ every day.





A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water





[答案]



A



[解析]条件状语从句的主语是被 省略掉的与主句主语相同的


the flowers


,由于下划 线要表示


“(



)

被浇水



的被动动作,


因此只能选 表示被动动作的选项


A



< p>
watered


之前可以加上被省略的


they are





5.



Are there any English story books for us students in the library





There are only a few, ______.




A. if any




B. if there




C. if some




D. if has




6.



Would you like to go with us





Yes, ______.




A. I’d




B. I’d like




C. I’d like to




D. I’d like to do






3.



Would you like to have a try once again






____.





A. Yes, I like B. No, I don’t like it





C. Yes, I want very much D. Yes, I’


d like to





4.



What do you think made Mary so upset






____ her bicycle.





A. As she lost B. Lost


























C. Losing D. Because of losing



5.



When did they get down to the job




____.



A. Until they left B. Till they arrived



C. Since they finished it D. Not until they turned to me



6.



Are you angry




Yes. He should at least answer when ____.



A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to



本章补充强化训练题参考答案



1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B



英语中的省略句



省略句是高考考查的语法重点,又是学习的难点。在英语中,为了使句子简洁明快,突出重点,常




省略句


< p>
,只要不影响句意的表达,能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见


,


大致可分为以


下几种情况。






一、简单句成分的省略




1.


省略主语。如


:



Haven't seen you for ages!


好久不见了


!



2.


省略谓语。如:






(Is there) Anything you want


你要什么东西吗






(Does) Anybody need help


有人要帮忙吗




3.


省略宾语。如:






I don't know (where he is ).


我不知道。




4.


省略主语和谓语(或谓语 的一部分),只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如:






(I'm) Afraid I can't come.


恐怕我不能来了。






(Have you) Got any ink


你有墨水吗








It’s


a long time since I saw my sister.







_________her this weekend



A. Why not visit B. Why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why


don’t


visit




解析:答案为


A


。本题考察省略结构,这里


why not visit =Why


didn’t


you visit


,这种既注重基


础又兼顾生活交际的试题,其实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确的


A


答案。





二、复合句的省略





1.


在含有状语从句的复合句中






when

< br>,


while



as, onc e



whenever


引导的时间状语 从句;


或由


if


unless


引导的条件状语从句;


though



although



even if



even though


引导的让步状语从句;由


as though



as if



as


引导的方


式状语从句;


because


引导的原因状语从句;

< br>由


wherever


引导的地点状语从句,


若从句的主句是


it


或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语 中含有


be


时,常省略从句的主语和


b e


。例如:





When (she was) asked , she


didn’t


answer a word.


当她被问到的时候,她一句话也说不上来。




Water can be changed into vapor if (it is ) heated.


水如果被加热就能变成水蒸气。




When (you are) working, you must pay attention.


当你上班的时候


,


你必须全神贯注。




We may try again when (it is) necessary .


当它有必要的时候,我们可以再试一次。







7. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.



A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with



C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
















B







< br>语

























if



it is



not carefully dealt with


,当然,



现在的语言中,已经把这种省略形式固定化了即:


if not.





2.


在限定性定语从句中





作宾语的关系代词


that



which, whom


可以省略;


在以


the same... as



such... as


引导的定语从句


中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;


th e way


后面的定语从句中,可以省略


that



in which




例如:




All you ever want to do is going shopping.


你所想的就是购物。




Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work


这就是他在会议上为他


上班粗心解释的理由 吗




What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.


使我惊奇的不是他所说的,


而是他说


话的方式。







Do you have anything to say for yourselves




Yes



there's one point_____ we must insist on.




A



why B



where C



how D



/






答案为

D



有一点


point



我们必须要坚持的。


先行词


point


在定语从句中作宾语。

关系代词


that



略,故答案 为


D









3.


宾语从句的省略。


如:




Tom has gone home, but I don't know why (he has gone home).


汤姆已经 回家了,但是我不知道为


什么(他回家)。




I heard (that ) he had gone abroad.


我听说他出国了。





Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door t


o his bedroom.




A. why B. that C. when D. where



解析:答案为


B



that


引导并列的宾语从句,< /p>


Having


前省去


that,


并列的两个以


that


引导的宾语


从句即使省略第一个


that,


第二个


that


一般不能省。






三、



并列句的省略






在并列句中


,


如果后面的分句


,


与前面的 分句有相同的部分


,


这一部分则常被省略掉

,


以免重复。



:



He teaches English and his brother maths.


他教英语


,


他的哥哥教数学。




We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain.


我们一直


在等她回来看望我们

,


但我们白等了。




He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones.




B. some C. few D. many




解析:答案为


C

< p>
。他制作了很多电影,但是好的很少。


But


引导的并列句子进行了省略


but few good ones = but he made few good ones .




四、肯定结构




So+


助动词


/


情态动词


+


主语句型。这一 结构用来表示相同概念,即前面所说的情况也同样适用于


另一人或物,意思是

< p>


同样





也那样



,常理解为倒装 结构。如:




The boy died and a week later. So did his sister.


这个男孩死了,一周以后,他的姐姐也死了。




I’m


an English teacher, so is my wife.


我是个英语老师,我的妻子也是。







My room gets very cold at night.






___________.



A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does



解析:答案为


C


。在两个答句中


,


当两者


(


人或物


)


情况或意思完全相同


,


第二个分句用


so


引 出时


,



现省略现象,还可引起倒装结 构


,


表示



也< /p>


……


。本句子的意思:



我的房子晚上很冷





我的也





So does mine


相当于


My room gets very cold at night, too.



注意:有时可用


so


代替名词性从句< /p>


,


以避免重复前面所说的内容


,


可以用于这类结构的动词有


think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope


等< /p>


.


肯定回答结构为



主语


+


动词


+so

< br>否定回答结


构为



主语

< p>
+


助动词否定形式


+


动词


+so




主语


+


动词


+not



但动词为


hope, guess



,


否定回答只能说


hope (guess) not,


不能说


don't hope (guess) so






It is sunny today.


今天阳光灿烂。





So it is. (=It's really sunny today.)


是的。






Will you be able to finish your respect today

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