定语从句句型口诀

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2021年02月22日 14:25
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2021年2月22日发(作者:蔡瑁怎么死的)


顺口溜巧记定语从句宾语从句



【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜



1.< /p>


定从分类有奥妙


,




限与非限看逗号


;



定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;



定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;





2.


关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说 破;



which


表物人用

< p>
who,


人物都有


that


顾;



which


用在逗号后,意表 前句你要


know;



who


做主语很称职,


whom


用到宾语里;






用法真有趣,



两个地方它不去;



逗号后边它不去,



介词之后不考虑;





which


代表物,区别听我来叙述;



先行若是不定代,


that


就把


wh ich


踹;



先行词前有两数,



就用


that


定无误;



先行词前最高级,



还用


that


必无疑;



句中若有


there be, that


应把


which


替;



先行主中做表语,



避免重复从句里;




Just the only very same last,


其后也要用


that;






5.


指人可用


that who,


以下情况多用


who;



Those people


做先行,


There be


的结构中;



先行指人不定代,从 中做主


who


要在;



两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;





6.


定从之中少定语,


whose


为你唱一曲;



Whose


指人又指物,所属关系要记住。





/which

在句末,若有否定


as


错;



句首只能用


as,


还有认知猜想词;



固定结构用


as, the same /such/so/as;



So /such



that


宾不离,


so/ such



as


宾要弃;





8.


关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起;



关系代词做宾语,省与不省全靠你;





9.


关系副词


when/where/why,


从中做状莫懈怠;



时间用


when


原因


why,


地点


where


经常在;< /p>



关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;



关系代,关系代,


that



who


要除外;



挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;



聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;



关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;



它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷;





10.


只记上边不可以,特殊情况告 诉你;



先行用


way


做状语


, in which/ that /


略可以;



one of +


复做先行,从中谓语复数明,



one


前若有


only/very,


从中谓语定用单





定从名从可转换,


all that



what


换;



定语从句顺口溜分段解析:



1.




定从分类有奥妙


,




限与非限看逗号


;


< br>定语从句分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区


分它们有两个标准 :


1


)从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的


先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语


从句只对 先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。


2


)< /p>


从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制


性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句:



The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(


限制性


)



The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees in the


field.(


非限制性


)



解析:第一句中的


who is wearing a blue necklace


是限制性


定语从句,没有逗号,不 那去掉,否则意思不完整。



定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;



例句:



1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.



有人要和你讲话。



2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.



那些赞成计划的举起了手。



3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very


touching.



这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。



解析:例句中


somebody



th ose


是代词,


novel


是名词,是 被定


语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词,可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。



定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;



定语从句都在先行词之后,连接定从和先行词的词,叫做关系


词。关系词有两 类:关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点:


1


< p>
它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词,


2


)关系 词在定语从句中做


一定的句子成分。



例句


1) The boys who are playing football are from Class


One.





正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。


< /p>


解析:


who



boys


,


在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用


are




例句


2) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.





足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。



解析:


which=game,


在定语从句中做主语。



例句



3



I still remember the day when I first came to the


school.





我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。



解析



when


是关系副词=


on


the


day,


在定语从句中做时间状语




例句


4



The


house


where


I


lived


ten


years


ago


has


been


pulled


down.





十年前我居住的房子已经被拆了。



解析:


where


是关系副词=


in the house,


在定语从句中做地点


状语。



例句


5



Please


tell


me


the


reason


why


you


missed


the


plane.





请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。



解析 :


why


是关系副词=


for the reason,


在定语从句中做原因


状语。



2.


关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;



六个关系代词是:


that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as




注意


关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。



which


表物人用


who,


人物都有


that


顾;



先行词是物,关系代词用


which


,也可以用


that;


先行词是人,


关系代词用


who,


也可以用


that;


先行词中既有人,又有物,关系代词


只能用


that< /p>




例句


1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I


visited last year.





这就是我去年参观的那个山村。



解析:先行词


mountain village


是物,可用


which



t hat,



为定语从句中


visit


后缺宾语,说明


which



that


应该在定从中做


宾语,所以还可以省略 。



例句


2



The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my


friend.





你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。



解析:先行词


man


表人,关系词可以 用


who/that/whom


,因为定


语从句中缺宾语,关系代词应该在定语从句中做宾语,所以可以省


略;另外,


whom


是专门用来做宾语用的,而


who


则只是在口语中才


用。



例句


3



This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that)


teaches us history.





这本杂志是我们历史老师的。



解析: 先行词


teacher


是人,关系代词用


who



that,


因为在定


语从句中做主语,所以不能省略。



例句


4



He


talked


about


the


teachers


and


schools


(that)


he


had visited.





他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。



解析:先行词


the teachers and schools


中既有人又有物,关


系代词只能用


that,


又因为


that


在定语从 句中做宾语



所以又可以


省略。




which


用 在逗号后,意表前句你要


know;



这是


which


用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。



例句


1



He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which


greatly upsets me.



他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。



解析:


which


是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:他似乎没 抓住我


的意思。



例句


2



Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called


evaporation.



液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。



解析:


which


是关系代词,指代前 面的一句话:液态水变为蒸汽。



who


做主语很称职,


whom


用到宾语里;



先行词是表示人的词,定语从句中如果缺主语,要用


who


做关系


代词,如果缺宾语,正规场合下用


whom,


口语中也可以用


who




例句


1



He is the boy who often goes to school late.





他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。



解析:先行词


the


boy


指人,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,因此


用关系代词

< br>who




例句


2



She is the old woman whom I saw this morning.





她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。



解析:先行词


the


old


woman


指人,后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,


所以用


whom,


口语中也可以用


w ho





用法真有趣,



两个地方它不去;



逗号后边它不去,



介词之后不考虑;



That


做为关系代词,不可用在非限制性定语从句中,即不可用在


逗号后边;定 语从句中介词之后也不可使用。在逗号或介词后,指物


时用


wh ich,


指人时用


who


< p>
whom




例句


1



They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat


a small boy.





A. whom B. who C. which D. that



解析:在介词


of


之后指物,选择


C which




例句


2



The


engineer


with


_____my


father


works


is


about


50


years old.



A. whose



B.



who



C.



which D.



whom



解析:选择


D whom


。介词后指人。



例句


3



The letter is from my sister, ______is working in


Beijing.



A. which B. that C. whom D. who



解析:选择


D who


。逗号后指人,在定语从句中做主语。




which


代表物,区别听我来叙述;



先行若是不定代,


that


就把


wh ich


踹;



当先行词为

< p>
anything



everything



nothing



all



any


much



many


< p>
one


等不定代词时,只能使用



that



,


不用




wh ich





例:


Is there anything that I can do for you?




我能给你做


点什么吗?




先行词前有两数,



就用


that


定无误;



当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用


that



,不用




which





例句:


That is the second time that I have been to Japan.


那是我去日本的第二次。




The


two


buildings


that


lay


on


the


River


Thames


fell


down


last week.





坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。



先行词前最高级,



还用


that


必无疑;



当先行 词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用



tha t



,


不用




which






例句:


This


is


the


most


wonderful


time


that


I


have


ever


had.



这是我度过的最美好的时光。




句中若有


there be, that


应把


which


替;



例:


There


is


no


evidence


that


animals


possess


a


mysterious


sixth-sense allowing them to predict natural disasters.


说动


物拥有神秘的第六感,可以预知自然灾害,这是没有根据的。

< p>


先行主中做表语,



避免重复从句里;



例句:

< p>
1



This is not the hospital that it used to be.



这已经不再是以前那座医院了。



2



Mr Thomson is not the man that he was.



汤姆森先生已经不再是以前的他了。



解析:定语从句的先行词均在主句中做表语。



例句:


Which is the course that we are to take ?





我们要学哪门课?



解析:句中已有


which,


后面不再用


which,


避免重复用


that

< br>。




Just the only very same last,


其后也要用


th at;




先行词前有


Just



the only



very



same



last


等词,关


系代词用


that


,不用


which


< br>


例句:


1) The North Pole is the only place that you can see


polar bears.





北极是唯一能见到北极熊的地方。




2



This is the same bike that he lost.





这就是他丢了的那辆自行车。





注意区分:




3) This is the same bike as he lost.





这辆自行车和他丢的那辆一样。(但不是)



5.


指人可用


that who,


以下情况多用


who;



Those people


做先行,


There be


的结构中;



例句:



1) Those who are for the plan, please raise your hands.





赞成计划的人请举手。



2) People who create computer viruses are called hackers.





制造电脑病毒的人被称为黑客。



3) There was once a little boy who came to the net bar to


play games every night.





曾经有一个小男孩每天晚上都来网吧玩游戏。



先行指人不定代,从中做主


who


要在;



先行词是指人的不定代词




one



someone



anyone



nobody


等词,或指人的关系代词在定语从句中做主语,要用


who,


而不用


that



例句:



1



Nobody who knows a little scientific knowledge will


believe you.



懂得一点科学知识的人都不会相信你的话。


< br>解析:


nobody


是指人的不定代词,用


who,


不用


that




2



The thief who pretended to be a manager was caught


stealing a car.





那个装扮成经理的贼在偷车时被当场抓获。


< br>解析:


who


指人,在定语从句中做主语。



两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;



一个先行词有两个定语从句时,关系代词要避免重复使用。



A plant that can cure diseases, which was known by the


ancient Chinese , is called Chinese herbal medicine.


一种能


够治病的,被古代中国人所熟知的植物,叫做中药。


< br>6.


定从之中少定语,


whose


为你唱一曲;



Whose


指人又指 物,所属关系要记住。



Whose


也 是一个关系代词,在定语从句中做定语,表示人与人、


人与物或物与物之间的所属关系, 特别要注意,物与物之间的关系也



whose




例句


1)Is


there


anyone


in


your


class


whose


family


is


in


the


country?



解析



anyone


是先行词



whose=anyone



s



在定语从句中做定语。



例句


2) Pass me the book whose cover is red.





解析:


the book


是先行词,


whose=the book



s,


在定语从句中做


定语。



/which


在句末,若有否定


as


错;



as



which

< br>都可指代前面一句话,请看例句


:



1



Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came


as a surprise.



爱丽丝受到了她老板的邀请,这使她感到吃惊。



2



The weather turned out to be very good, which was more


than we could expect.



天气结果变好了,这是我们没有预料到的。


< br>若有否定


as


错;



3



The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we


hadn't expected.





A. when B. that C. which D. what



【简析】答案是


C


。由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构,只能用


which


引导,不能用


as


来替代


which




句首只能用


as,


还有认知猜想词;



臵于句首时,非限定性定语从句只能用


as

引导。例如:



-


-


-


-


-


-


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-