最新人教版-英语-必修四-课文-电子版
苏州工艺美术职业学院-爱情名句
精品文档
Unit 1 Women of achievement
Reading
A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over
Gombe National Park in East Africa.
Following
Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all
going to visit them in the forest.
Jane has
studied these families of chimps for many years
and helped people understand how
much they
behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps
wake up is our first activity of
the day.
This means going back to the place where we left
the family sleeping in a tree the
night
before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of
the trees while the family beings to
wake up
and move off. Then we follow as they wander into
the forest. Most of the time,
chimps either
feed or clean each other as a way of showing love
in their family. Jane warns
us that our group
is going to be very tired and dirty by the
afternoon and she is right.
However, the
evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the
mother chimp and her babies
play in the tree.
Them we see them go to sleep together in their
nest for the night. We
realize that the bond
between members of a chimp family is as long as in
a human family.
Nobody before Jane fully
understood chimp behaviour. She spent years
observing and
recording their daily
activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to
work with animals in
their own environment.
However, this was not easy. When she first
arrived in Gombe in
1960, it was unusual for a
woman to live in the forest. Only after her
mother came to help
her for the first few
months was she allowed to begin her project. Her
work changed the
way people think about
chimps. For example, one important thing she
discovered was that
chimps hunt and eat meat.
Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only
fruit and nuts.
She actually observed chimps
as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it.
She also
discovered how chimps communicate
with each other, and her study of their body
language
helped her work out their social
system.
Four forty years Jane Goodall has been
outspoken about making the rest of the world
understand and respect the life of these
animals. She has argued that wild animals should
be
left in the wild and not used for
entertainment or advertisements. She has helped
to set up
special places where they can live
safely. She is leading a busy life but she says:
“Once I
stop, it all comes crowding in and I
remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s
terrible. It
affects me when I watch the wild
chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they luck?’ And
then I
think about small chimps in cages
though they have done nothing wrong. Once you
have
seen that you can never forget…”
She
has achieved everything she wanted to do: working
with animals in their own
environment, gaining
a doctor’s degree and showing that women can live
in the forest as men
can. She inspires those
who want to cheer the achievement of women.
Using language
精品文档
精品文档
WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD?
I enjoyed
English, biology, and chemistry at school, but
which one should I choose to
study at
university? I did not know the answer until one
evening when I sat down at the
computer to do
some research on great women of China.
By
chance I came across an article about a doctor
called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in
women’s
diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed
that she had been very busy in
her chosen
career, traveling abroad to study as well as
writing books and articles. One of
them
caught my eye. I was a small book explaining how
to cut the death rate from having
and caring
for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow
for keeping babies clean,
healthy and free
from sickness. Why did she write that? Who were
the women that Lin
Qiaozhi thought needed this
advice？ I looked carefully at the text and
realized that it was
intended for women in the
countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency
they could not
reach a doctor.
Suddenly it
hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get
medical training at that time.
That was a
generation when girl’s education was always placed
second to boys’. Was she so
much cleverer
than anyone else? Further reading made me realize
that it was hard work and
determination as
well as her gentle nature that got her into
medical school. What made her
succeed later
on was the kindness and consideration she showed
to all her patients. There
was story after
story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s
work, went late at night to deliver
a baby for
a poor family who could not pay her.
By now I
could not wait to find out more about her. I
discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had
devoted her
whold life to her patients and had chosen not to
have a family of her own.
Instead she made
sure that about 50,000 babies were safely
delivered. By this time I was
very excited.
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi
and carry on her good work?
It was still not
too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for
the university entrance
examinations, and…
Unit 2 Working the land
A PILNEER
FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of China’s
most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers
himself a
farmer, for he works the land to do
his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms
and his
slim, strong body are just like those
of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has
struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan
Longping grows what is called super hybrid
rice. In 1974, he became the first
agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich
that has a
high output. This special strain
of rice makes it possible to produce one-third
more of the
crop in the same fields. Now more
than 60% of the rice produced in China each year
is from
this hybrid strain.
精品文档
精品文档
Born in 1930, Dr Yuan
graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in
1953. Since
then, finding ways to grow more
rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he
saw the
great need for increasing the rice
output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing
problem in
many parts of the countryside. Dr
Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests
without
expanding the area of the fields. In
1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty
million
tons of rice. In a recent harvest,
however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice
was
produced. These increased harvests mean
that 22% fo the world’s people are fed from just
7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now
circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam
and many other less developed countries to
increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his
research, the UN has more tools in the battle
to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid
rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as
large as before.
Dr Yuan is quite satisfied
with his life. However, he doesn’t care about
being famous.
He feels it gives him less
freedom to do his research. He would much rather
keep time for
his hobbies. He enjoys
listening to violin music, playing mah-jong,
swimming and reading.
Spending money on
himself or leading a comfortable life also means
very little to him.
Indeed, he believes that
a person with too much money has more rather than
fewer troubles.
He therefore gives millions
of yuan to equip others for their research in
agriculture.
Just dreaming for things,
however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a
dream about
rice plants as tall as a peanut.
Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of
producing a
kind of rice that could feed more
people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has
another
dream: to export his rice so that it
can be grown around the globe. One dream is not
always
enough, especially for a person who
loves and cares for his people.
Using
Language
CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half century, using chemical
fertilizers has become very common in farming.
Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to
stop crop disease and increase production.
Recently, however, scientists have been
finding that long-term use of these fertilizers
can
cause damage to the land and, even more
dangerous, to people’s health.
What are some
of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers?
First, they damage the
land by killing the
helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful
ones. Chemicals also
stay in the ground and
underground water for a ling time. This affects
crops and, therefore,
animals and humans,
since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot
just be washed off.
These chemicals in the
food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.
Many of these
chemicals can lead to cancer or
other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables
and other food
grown with chemical fertilizers
usually grow too fast to be full of much
nutrition. They may
look beautiful, but
inside there is usually more water than vitamins
and minerals.
With these discoveries, some
farmers and many customers are beginning to turn
to organic
farming. Organic farming is simply
farming without using any chemicals. They focus
on
精品文档
精品文档
keeping their soil
rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces
disease and helps crops
grow strong and
healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer
using natural waste from
animals as
fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in
their fields richer in minerals and
so more
fertile. This also keeps the air, water and crops
free from chemicals.
Organic farmers also use
many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They
often change
the kind of crop in each field
every few years, for example, growing corn or
wheat and then
the next year peas or soybeans.
Crops such as peas or soybeans put important
minerals back
into the soil, making it ready
for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and
fertile soil.
Organic farmers also plant
crops to use different levels of soil, for
example, planting peanuts
that use the
ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put
down deep roots. Some
organic farmers prefer
planting grass between crops to prevent wind or
water from carrying
away the soil, and then
leaving it in the ground to become a natural
fertilizer for the next
year’s crop. These
many different organic farming methods have the
same goal: to grown
good food and avoid
damaging the environment or people’s health.
Unit 3 A state of English humour
Reading
A MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR
As
Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that
drives winter from the human face”,
and up to
now nobody has been able to do this better than
Charlie Chaplin. He brightened
the lives of
Americans and British through two world wars and
the hard years in between.
He made people
laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they
could feel more content
with their lives.
Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! He was
born in a poor family in 1889. his parents
were both poor music hall performers. You may
find it astonishing that Charlie was taught
to
sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon
as he could walk. Such training was
common in
acting families at this time, especially when the
family income was often
uncertain.
Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family
even worse off, so Charlie spent
his childhood
looking after his sick mother and his brother. By
his teens, Charlie had,
through his humour,
become one of the most popular child actors in
English. He could
mime and act the fool doing
ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored
watching
him— his subtle acting made
everything entertaining.
As time went by, he
began making films. He grew more and more popular
as his
charming character, the little tramp,
became known throughout the world. The tramp, a
poor,
homeless man with a moustache, wore
large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round
black
hat. He walked around stiffly carrying
a walking stick. This character was a social
failure
精品文档
精品文档
but was loved
for his optimism and determination to overcome all
difficulties. He was the
underdog who was
kind even when others were unkind to him.
How
did the little tramp make a sad situation
entertaining? Here is an example from one
of
his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the
mid-nineteenth century and gold has just
been
discovered in California. Like so many others,
the little tramp and his friend have
rushed
there in search of gold, but without success.
Instead they are hiding in a small hut on
the
edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing
to eat. They are so hungry that
they try
boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner.
Charlie first picks out the laces and
eats
them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off
the leather top of the shoe as if it were
the
finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and
chewing the bottom of the shoe. I he eats each
mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is
so convincing that it makes you believe that it
is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!
Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced
the films he starred in. In 1972 he was
given
a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films.
He lived in English and the USA
but spent his
last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in
1977. He is loved and
remembered as a great
actor who could inspire people with great
confidence.
Using language
ENGLISH
JOKES
1. There are thousands of jokes which
use “play on words” to amuse us. One person asks
a question which expects a particular reply.
Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer
which makes the situation funny. Now read
some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can
you match the joke with the explanation?
1. C: What’s that fly doing in my soup?
W: Swimming, I think!
2. C: What’s that?
W: It’s bean soup.
C: I don’t want to know
what it’s been. I want to know what it is now.
3. C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?
W: No, sir. Round.
Explanation
A The
first person is asking for information about time.
The second person treats it as a
question
about shape.
精品文档
精品文档
B The
first person is angry about something and wants to
say, “Why is this here?” The
second person
treats it as a request for information and gives
an answer to the question.
C The answer to
the question contains a word which, when spoken,
can have two
meanings.
2. Some jokes are
longer and tell a short, funny story. The
following is one of those jokes
about the
famous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend
Doctor Watson. Read it and
decide which of
these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give
your reasons.
Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson
went camping in an mountainous area. They ware
lying in the open air under the stars.
Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and
whispered,
“Watson, when you look at that
beautiful sky, what do you think of?” Watson
replied, “I think
of how short life is and how
long the universe has lasted.” “No, no, Watson!”
Homes said.
“what do you really think of?”
Watson tried again. “I think of how small I am
and how
vast the sky is.” “Try again, Watson!
” Said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. “I
think of how cold the universe is and how warm
people can be in their beds.” Holmes said,
“Watson, you fool! You should be thinking
that someone has stolen our tent! ”
Unit
4 Body Language
Reading
COMMUNICATION:
NO PROBLEM?
Yesterday, another student and I,
representing our university’s student association,
went to
the Capital International Airport to
meet this year’s international students. They
were
coming to study at Beijing University.
We would taken them first to their dormitories and
then to the student canteen. After half an
hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw
several young people enter the waiting area
looking around curiously. I stood fro a minute
watching them and then went to greet them.
The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia
from Colombia, closely followed by Julia
Smith
from Britain. After I met them and then
introduced them to each other, I was very
surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her
shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She
stepped back appearing surprised and put up
her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there
was probably a major misunderstanding. Then
Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,
together with George Cook from Canada. As
they were introduced, George reached his
hand
out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment,
however, Akria bowed so his nose
touched
George’s moving hand. They both apologized—
another cultural mistake!
Ahmed Aziz, another
international student, was from Jordan. When we
met yesterday, he
moved very close to me as I
introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he
came closer to
ask a question and then shook
my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came
dashing
精品文档
精品文档
through the
door, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face.
They shook hand and then
kissed each other
twice on each cheek, since that is the French
custom when adults meet
people they know.
Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the
girls. Men from
Middle Eastern and other
Muslim countries will often stand quite close to
other men to talk
but will usually not touch
women.
As I get to know more international
friends, I learn more about this cultural “body
language”. Not all cultures greet each other
the same way, nor are they comfortable in the
same way with touching or distance between
people. In the same way that people
communicate with spoken language, they also
express their feelings using unspoken
“language” through physical distance, actions
or posture. English people, for example, do
not usually stand very close to others or
touch strangers as soon as they meet. However,
people from places like Spain, Italy or South
American countries approach others closely and
are more likely to touch them. Most people
around the world now greet each other by
shaking hands, but some cultures use other
greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who
prefer
to bow.
These actions are not good
or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have
developed.
I have seen, however, that
cultural customs for body language are very
general—not all
members of a culture behave in
the same way. In general, though, studying
international
customs can certainly help avoid
difficulties in today’s world of cultural
crossroads!
Using Language
SHOWING OUR
FEELINGS
Body language is one of the most
powerful means of communication, often even more
powerful than spoken spoken language. People
around the world show all kinds of feelings,
wishes and attitudes that they might never
speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others
around
us, even if they do not intend for us
to catch their unspoken communication. Of course,
body language can be misread, but many
gestures and actions are universal.
The most
university facial expression is, of course, the
smile— its function is to show
happiness and
put people at ease. It does not always mean that
we are truly happy, however.
Smiles around
the world can be false, hiding other feelings like
anger, fear or worry. There
are unhappy
smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and
smiles to hide it. However, the
general
purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.
From the time we are babies, we show
unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places
around the world, frowning and turning one’s
back to someone shows anger. Making a fist
and shaking it almost always means that
someone is angry and threatening anther person.
精品文档
精品文档
There are many
ways around the world to show agreement, but
nodding the head up and
down is used for
agreement almost worldwide. Most people also
understand that shaking
the head from side to
side means disagreement or refusal.
How about
showing that I am bored? Looking away from people
or yawning will, in most
cases, make me appear
to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and
look at someone or
something, people from
almost every culture will think that I am
interested. If I roll my eyes
and turn my
head away, I most likely do not believe what I am
hearing or do not like it.
Being respectful to
people is subjective, based on each culture, but
in general it is probably
not a good idea to
give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every
culture, it is not usually
good to stand too
close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a
little distance with open
hands will show that
I am willing to listen.
With so many
cultural differences between people, it is great
to have some similarities in
body language.
We can often be wrong about each other, so it is
an amazing thing that we
understand each other
as well as we do!
Unit 5 Theme
parks
Reading
THEME PARKES—FUN
AND MORE THAN FUN
Which theme park would you
like to visit? There are various kinds of theme
parks, with a
different park for almost
everything: food, culture, science, cartoons,
movies or history.
Some parks are famous for
having the biggest or longest roller coasters,
others for showing
the famous sights and
sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you
like, there is a
theme park for you!
The
theme park you are probably most familiar with is
Disneyland. It can be found in
several parts
of the world. It will bring you into a magical
world and make your dreams
come true, whether
you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate
ship or meeting, your
favourite fairly tale or
Disney cartoon character. As you wander around
the fantasy
amusement park, you may see Snow
White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the
street.
Of course Disneyland also has many
exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to
terrifying
精品文档
精品文档
free-fall
drops. With all these attractions, no wonder
tourism is increasing wherever there is
a
Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than
fun, come to Disneyland！
Dollywood, in
the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern
USA, is one of the most
unique theme parks in
the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates
America’s traditional
southeastern culture.
Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main
attraction is its culture.
Famous country
music groups perform there all year in indoor and
outdoor theatres. People
come form all over
America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make
wood, glass and iron
objects in the old-
fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the
same kind of candy that
American southerners
made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only
steam-engine train still
working in the
southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald
eagles in the world’s largest
bald eagle
preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood
has one of the best old
wooden roller
coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for
having the most length in the
smallest space.
Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about
America’s historical
southeastern culture!
If you want to experience the ancient
days and great deeds of English knights and
ladies,
princes and queens, then England’s
Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of
the
park is modeled after life in the days of
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.
In
one place, you can watch magic shows with
Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting
with swords or on horseback, then the jousting
area is a good place to visit. If you do well
there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in
the big jousting tournament. Do you like
animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn
how people in ancient England ran their farms
and took care of their animals. To enter a
world of fantasy about ancient England ran their
farms and took care of their animals. To
enter a world of fantasy about ancient England,
come to Camelot Park!
Using Language
FUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNING
Last week I took a journey deep into space, to
the end of the solar system, and was pulled
into a black hole. Then I took a trip to
Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash
in
the jungle. After that, I joined some
divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see
strange blind creature that have never seen
sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car
racing and then skied down some of the most
difficult mountains in the world. I ended my
travels by meeting face to face with a
dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the
experience!
精品文档
精品文档
I did all this in one great day at
Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one
of the
largest space-age parks in the world.
This science and technology-based theme park in
France uses the most advanced technology. Its
3-D cinemas and giant movie screens
provide
brand new experiences of the earth and beyond.
Visitors can get close to parts of
the world
they have never experienced, going to the bottom
of the ocean, flying through the
jungle or
visiting the edges of the solar system. The
amazing, up-to-date information
together with
many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the
world come to life in a
completely new way for
visitors. Learning centers throughout the park let
visitors try their
own scientific experiments,
as well as learn more about space travel, the
undersea world and
much more.
I bought
tickets for myself and my friends at the park’s
entrance, but tickets are also
available
online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals,
but is also the perfect mix of fun
and
learning for class outings. Classes or other
large groups that let Futuroscope know their
plans in advance can get the group admission
rate. For anyone coming from out of town,
Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly,
most of which provide a shuttle service to the
park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy
reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well
before starting, since Futuroscope has so many
shows, activities and great souvenir shops that
it is difficult to see them all. Come ready
to walk a lot— be sure to wear some comfortable
sneakers or other walking shoes!
精品文档