《牛津高中英语》模块5 Reading, Project课文

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2020年12月18日 00:20
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2020年12月18日发(作者:柳公绰)


31. M5U1. Reading (1)—Secrets and lies
Dear Annie,
I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah. We have been best friends since primary school and
spend almost every day with each other. Sometimes, other children say we are no fun because we
are both very academic and like to study, but we like it that way. We are both very hard-working
and always get good grades at school.
On Monday, we had a surprise math quiz. I thought it was quite easy and was not worried
about the results. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was
and how I was sure to get a good grade. The next day after class, my math teacher told me that I
had the lowest grade in the class! I felt so ashamed; I must be really stupid to fail a simple math
quiz!
Afterwards, I pretended to be cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong. We went to
wash our hands in the girls‟ washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done. I
begged her not to tell anyone else, and she said she would keep my secret.
However, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math
class and, when I went to sit down, I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said,
“Stupid Sarah got a D!” I was so upset that I felt like crying. I thought that Hannah must have told
my classmates about my grade after promising not to. Everyone must have been laughing behind
my back!
I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we weren‟t going to be friends any
more because she couldn‟t keep her word. She was really upset and swore that she hadn‟t told
anyone. However, the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the
grades belong to. She said that someone must have been spying on us in the washroom, but I
didn't believe her explanation. I don‟t think I can ever truly forgive her. Now I‟ve lost my best
friend. What shall I do?
Yours sincerely
Sarah

32. M5U1. Reading (2)—A friendship in trouble
Dear Annie,
My name is Andrew. I am 17 years old and I have a problem. My best friend Matthew has
stopped talking to me. We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school


football team. Last week, we had an important match against another school. The other team was
superb and we really had to focus. I was determined to win, but Matthew was playing badly. He
could not keep pace with the game, and as a result of his careless playing we lost.
Afterwards, I got really angry with him, and I told him I thought he was not trying hard
enough. He got annoyed, saying it wasn‟t his fault if he couldn‟t play as well as me, and that I
shouldn‟t talk to him in this manner. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into
a horrible argument. He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. I feel really guilty
because I made some cruel remarks too, but I dislike seeing our team lose. Football is very
important to me, but so is our friendship.
Since we argued, he hasn‟t spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class. It‟s
really awkward. He is usually cheerful and outgoing, but he has been really quiet and looks sad.
The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me.
Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy, Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants
Peter to be his best friend instead of me. I told my brother about the quarrel, but he said Matthew
is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter because I am really athletic and good at football, and
that I had better find another friend. What should I do?
Yours truly
Andrew



33. M5U1. Project (1)—Teenagers’ friendships
My friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda. Though they get along well, there are
some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. He can't understand how girls can
talk for so long. For example, sometimes when he leaves the apartment to play football, Amanda
and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, talking. When he comes back three and a half hours
later, they‟re still sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the same topic. One day
Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she replied, „We‟re best
friends. We talk about almost everything—film stars, pop songs, recipes, everything!‟
Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. Friendships between girls are
usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared
activities or interests. A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close


friends. A girl‟s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about something that has
happened in her life.
Many studies worldwide show that girls have more friendships than boys. In fact, many
adolescent males cannot name a single best friend. When asked, they usually hesitate before
responding, „My best friend? I can‟t think about that. I am busy with my homework, and I have so
many different friends that it is hard to choose just one best friend.‟
Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without pausing, „A best
friend? Of course. We have a lot to share with each other. We do a lot of things together such as
talking and shopping.‟
We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings. The qualities that boys
and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these
friendships. The important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships. We all need
friends in our lives.


34. M5U1. Project (2)—What friendship means to me
When deciding what is most important in life, some people choose money, while others
choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the most important thing in life is
friendship. I cannot imagine being without it.
Friendship means not being alone. Once I was travelling by myself through Beijing on the
way to my grandparents‟ house. Since my next train left in the evening, I had a day for sightseeing.
At first, I didn‟t mind being alone, but then I saw all the tourists having their pictures taken
together, and I began feeling sad. I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of
the day in the waiting room. Life is no fun without a companion to share it with.
Friendship means having someone I can rely on. Last year, I left my schoolbag on a
trolleybus, and I lost all of my notes for the final exam. You can imagine how I panicked. Luckily
for me, my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes, and I used them in my revision. Thanks to her
help, I was able to pass the exam.
Friendship means being committed to others. The best way to have a friend is to be a friend.
Because I am a friend, I have had to learn patience and mercy. Once I had a quarrel with Jenny,
and she made some cruel comments about me. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later
made an apology. Through this incident, both of us have become better people. However, if I had


ended our friendship, we would have both learnt nothing.
In conclusion, when we are old and look back on our lives, what will we remember? Will we
remember the things we bought or the places we have been to? No, we will remember those whom
we loved and those who loved us. We will remember our friends.


35. M5U2. Reading— The economy or the environment—must we choose?
TV host: James Long
Speakers: Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green Society
Qian Liwei, a business development consultant
James Long: Good morning. Today‟s debate question is, “The economy or the
environment—must we choose?‟ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr
Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. We are following our usual schedule for debates.
Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes. Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three
minutes. Then we will open the floor for discussion. If you have any questions or comments, you
can use this time to express them.
Lin Shuiqing: Good morning, everyone. First I am talking to you today about the way vast
areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste. Many places have been destroyed and many
plants and animals have died. This is awful. Factories produce large numbers of harmful
chemicals. The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. Other types of
waste flow into our water, killing river and sea life.
Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch large numbers of
fish without giving them time to lay eggs. This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to
eat in the future.
While we damage our environment, we keep producing more and more people who need
more land to live on and more food to eat! The world‟s population has grown by six times what it
was in 1800. The figure is now about 7 billion people!
It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and
buy. The amount of rubbish we produce is turning into a big problem; we need to think more
about recycling our waste. It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycle, and teach
people ways of living that do not harm the environment. We may even create more jobs and help
our country become more developed at the same time.


Thank you.
Qian Liwei: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you, Ms Lin. That was an
interesting speech. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our
environment. As a business development consultant, I‟m often seen as being against the
environment. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes
pouring chemical waste into rivers. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their
responsibilities and only worrying about money. People often have this belief that development is
bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.
What I‟m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know
that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.
There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce,
and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause. The people operating these
factories are deeply concerned about the environment. We need to stop thinking of companies and
businessmen as the enemy, and give them more credit!
Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save
the environment. I don‟t agree with her because then jobs will be lost. I believe that people are
more important than fish and trees.
However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been
recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.
What we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow.
This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught. This might
make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always
bad. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are
friendly to the environment.
Finally, those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher taxes. If you
harm the environment, you should have to pay for it to be repaired.
Thank you for listening.
James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion…


36. M5U2. Project (1)— Protecting the Yangtze River


As the third longest river in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern
both in China and abroad. Rapid development and an increase in population have meant that the
amount of the water taken from the river is rising, and that the waste being put back into the river
has been increasing. This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water.
Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
Many people have recognized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River, and
organizations and projects have been set up to deal with the problem. The Green River
Organization, for example, educates people on the importance of protecting this great river. It also
watches the river and stops the illegal hunting of animals, which has put the wild animal
population in danger.
Two special government projects are also under way. The first project, a water and soil
conservation project, was set up in 1989. This project resulted in farmers replacing their crops
with trees or grass. It has already been a success because it has helped improve the local
environment and the land around the river.
The second project includes nature reserves for white-flag dolphins, one of the rarest animals
in the world. The number of white-flag dolphins in China has dropped because of pollution in the
Yangtze River. The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago, though scientists are still
hopeful that the animal has survived.
We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.
However, people have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great river.
Because of this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving. The efforts of the Chinese
government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.



37. M5U2. Project (2)—Climate change and a low-carbon life
There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people
blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide
when they breathe. However, many other human activities also let off carbon gases. Anytime
something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their
engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such as coal and oil in order to produce


electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting
off.
One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use a bicycle when possible.
Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than that
produced by a car. Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distances. In this case,
public transport such as buses and the underground is always a much better choice than a private
car or a taxi. If you must drive a car, it is never good to travel alone—you should try to find other
people to travel with you.
At home, you should use as little energy as possible. Turn off the lights and anything else
electrical when not in use. Since factories use a lot of energy and also let off carbon gases, it is
important to recycle as much as possible. In particular, metal products and paper products require
a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them
away.
Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to
produce oxygen. Planting a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you
look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you
did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.


38. M5U3. Reading—The perfect copy
Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused
much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an
embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as bone or lung tissue—that could be
used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and
are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a
real-life Frankenstein‟s monster.
Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal
to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in
early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were worried
that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists
were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.


Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now
considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been
to create copies of human. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new
tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe
that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human
life.
Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a
41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. „I am anxious to have a child of my own,‟ she
says. „I don‟t want to adopt someone else‟s child—If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby
right now.
While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already
pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an
Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to
be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and
continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.

(Letter 1) Dear Editor
I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature , we will have to deal with the
consequences. Who knows what could happen? Human life would just become a crop to be
harvested or a product for sale.
The human race is using up the Earth‟s natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in
order to reduce the Earth‟s population, not cloning more.
I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are
many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.
Pauline Carter
(Letter 2) Dear Editor
I would like to comment on your article, „The perfect copy‟. I think the scientific advances
mentioned in your article are fantastic! I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all,
scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now?


On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old
daughter died of heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day.
If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so I that I could be with her again.
Colin Jake
39. M5U3. Project (1)— Man and Nature
For a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless.
People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage
the Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution
with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.
However, if we focus only on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is
best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor
of nature. From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always
done, using nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a
catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us
all.
After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations
are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However, many
poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so, they are
using up natural resources at a fast pace. They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of
the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they
make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of
acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing
countries of the world need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy
lives, without the environment around them suffering.
It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humans can only really win
by protecting nature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all
need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind‟s responsibility to find answers
that are good for everyone, and everything.


40. M5U3. Project (2)— GM food: hope or danger?


In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress
doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are
excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this
truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.
There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. First, new
material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never
have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to
remove qualities which are not desired.
One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier. So far, this
technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against
pests and disease. Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger
harvests. While there has been research in GM animals such as pigs, no GM meat is being sold at
present.
Many questions have been raised about GM food. No one really knows whether it is safe for
animals or humans to eat. Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food. Research
has been limited to increasing production profits, rather than making sure that GM foods are safe.
GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.
There is also a question as to whether GM plants are safe for the environment. Since GM
crops are planted outside, they are part of the food chain—insects and other animals eat them or
use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by yet other animals. No one knows
what effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give
permission for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new
technology.

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