部编五年级【英语】小学英语阅读理解技巧与训练

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2021年1月2日发(作者:戴娆)


部编五年级【英语】小学英语阅读理解技巧与训练

(一)、阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。

1故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫,只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。

这类短文一般难度不大,认真阅读,仔细选择,问题都可以解决,如Write a Letter to Mary,
A Dirty Boy, On the Bus 等

2小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如,Time, the Spring
Festival .等,即使文章较长,问题也十分明显,从文中都能找到答案.

同学可动手做做下题:根据短文内容选择答案.

is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He washes
them with water only. He does not use soap(肥皂).

Sam has an uncle. One day his uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know
what you ate for breakfast this morning.”

“What?” Sam looks at his uncle and says.

“Eggs” says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.”

“You are wrong, uncle!”says Sam, “Not today or yesterday,but the day before yesterday(前天)!”

( )(1).Who is Sam?

A. He is English. B. He is a student. C He is a young pioneer. D He is a teacher.

( )(2) What’s the Chinese for “dirty”?

A. It’s “ 脏的“. B It’s “干净的” C It’s “坏的 “ D It’s “好的”

( )(3) What’s on Sam’s face and mouth?

A Eggs. B Soap C Water D Bread

( )(4) Which of these is not wrong?

A Sam doesn’t wash his face and hands every day.

B. The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning.

C Sam doesn’t like eggs at all.

D. Sam doesn’t know his uncle.

(二)、解题时有以下几种方法:

(1)略读法:关键是在 能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读,获得足够的信息
以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的 问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段,第一段往往点明
文章主题或作者意图,而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重 述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文
章段落的主题句,因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的 中心思想,文章的
主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。

(2)查阅法:考生可以不 需要阅读整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然后
加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体 的信息,即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什
么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。

(3)同义互释法:在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释
法。

(4)判断推理法:有时4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项,这时就应该意识到该题是一< br>个判断推理题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图,选择比较,去伪存真,选出切合文章主
旨和作者 意图的最佳答案。

(三)、同学们在做阅读理解时应注意的问题有哪些?


1、弄清文章体裁,快速理解文章。对不同体裁的文章,要根据其体裁特点,运用不同的
方法快速阅读,正确理解。记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件,然后详细叙述原
因。议论文中, 作者先提论点,再加以分析,或举例论证,得出结论。说明文中,作者先
提出说明对象,然后从时间、空 间、用途、方法、步骤等不同侧面加以说明。

2、仔细研读首尾句,预测文中细节。小学升学 考试英语文章往往隐去了标题,这给抓文
章中心带来了困难。然而,英语的写作特点一般是按总-分-总 这一思路来写的。因此,研
读首、尾句,不但可以帮助考生抓住文章的内容,还可以揣测作者的态度、意 图,从而进
一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。

3、略读选答,带问阅读。做英语阅读理 解题时,首先应浏览一遍所提问题及选项,然后
带着这些问题有目的、有针对性地阅读文章。

4、联系生活常识,及早排除错误选项。阅读理解中四个选项,有时有一个或两个与常识
或其他 学科中所学的知识不相符。我们可先将其排队在阅读中对所剩下的选项进行筛选就
容易多了。

5、解题前要仔细通读全文,遇到难解的词组和句子不要急躁,尽量根据上下文悟出其义,
解题 时要带着问题读查短文分析判断,整题解完后要认真复查。

6、注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯 。有的考生先看题目后看文章,有的先看文章再看题目,
你平时怎么练,考试就怎么做。临时改变自己的 习惯效果往往不好。其次,看清楚题目是
概括中心型还是推理判断性。概括某一段的中心时注意这一段的 首句和尾句;推理判断题
要注意题目问的是作者的态度,不是你的态度。

(四)、判断正误。

对于阅读试题中的判断正误题,相对比较简单,但学生的出错率 仍然较大,究其原因,学
生不懂判断的方法,通常是读完试题之后,凭着自己对阅读文章的大致印象判断 。事实上
判断试题与选择、填空的做题方法基本一致,仍需找出试题中的关键词,带着关键词,在
文中寻找所需信息,然后仔细判断是否与文中信息一致,如一致则正确,,反之错误。试
题:Mary is sick, Mother takes her to the doctor. 首先在试题中寻找关键词:Mary,sick,
Mother,doctor.带着这些关键词,在 文章中寻找。由于这是阅读文章的第一个试题,所以
我们将答案定位于文章的首段,文中:Mother says: “Mary, Let’s go to the doctor for a check.”
“Doctor?” says Mary, “I’m not sick, Why do I need to see the doctor?”此题与文中not sick信息
不一致,所以不正确。最后一题:The doctor gives Mary a shot, It does not hurt at all.由于是
最后一题,信息基本在文章的 末断,我们只需将信息定位于文章的末断或上一试题信息之
后,同样带着关键词shot寻找。文中 Mary takes a shot, It does not hurt much.试题中:not
hurt at all与 not hurt much不相符,所以错误。










二、阅读理解
2.阅读理解判断下列句子是否与短文相符。

A

It's a beautiful day in summer. There are many people on the beach. Mrs Guo and her two sons
are on the beach, too. Look! Mrs Guo is swimming in the sea. She can swim fast. What are her
sons doing? They are playing volleyball on the beach. There's a man under the umbrella. He's
reading a book. Look! A little girl is collecting shells on the beach. She's very happy.

(1)Mrs Guo is swimming in the sea. She can swim fast.

(2)Mrs Guo's sons are playing football on the beach.

(3)A man is reading under the umbrella.

(4)A little girl is enjoying the sunshine on the beach. She's happy.

【答案】(1)1

(2)0

(3)1

(4)0

【解析】【分析】短文介绍了郭太太和她的两个儿子在海滩的活动.

(1)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述Mrs Guo is swimming in the sea. She can swim fast. (郭太太
正在海里游泳. 她可以游得很快.)可知此句正确. 故答案为: 正确.

(2)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述They are playing volleyball on the beach.(他们正在海滩上
打排球.)可知不是踢足球. 此句错误. 故答案为: 错误.

(3)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述There's a man under the umbrella. He's reading a book.(伞
下有一位男士. 他正在读书.)可知此句正确. 故答案为: 正确.

(4)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述 A little girl is collecting shells on the beach. (一位小女孩正
在沙滩上收集贝壳.)可知不是享受阳光. 此句错误. 故答案为: 错误.

【点评】这是考查阅读能力的题目. 要掌握短文的细节叙述, 然后根据叙述判断正误.


3.阅读理解阅读短文,回答问题

The Wangs are talking about their holiday. They want to visit Hainan Island. It is in the south of
China. There are many interesting places on Hainan Island. They can see the blue sea. They can
play on the beach, too. They are going there by plane. It is dear but fast to go by plane. It is their
first time to take a plane. They are so excited. They are sure to have a good time.

(1)Where are the Wangs going?



(2)Can they see the sea in Hainan?



(3)How do they go there?



(4)How do they feel?



(5)Did they take a plane before?



【答案】(1)They are going to visit Hainan Island.


(2)Yes, they can.


(3)By plane.


(4)They feel so excited.


(5)No, they didn't.



【解析】【分析】大意:王氏一家人谈论将要去海南岛旅游。去哪里参观,他们第一次乘飞机,他们太兴奋了。

(1)句意:王氏一家人去哪儿了?根据They want to visit Hainan Island. 可知他们将去参观
海南岛,用一般将来时,故答案为They are going to visit Hainan Island.

(2)句意:他们能看到海南的海吗?根据They can see the blue sea.他们可以看到蓝色的大
海。可知是肯定回答,故答案为Yes, they can.

(3)句意:他们怎么去那里?根据They are going there by plane.可知乘飞机去那里,故答
案为By plane.

(4)句意:他们感觉如何?根据They are so excited. 可知他们太兴奋了,故答案为They
feel so excited.

(5)句意:他们以前坐过飞机吗?根据 It is their first time to take a plane. 这是他们第一次
乘飞机。可知是否定回答,故答案为No, they didn't.

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解,先翻译短文,然后根据短文内容,根据题干的 信息,作出
正确的答语。


4.阅读理解阅读理解,判断对错。

My name is Jim Green. I am twelve. That is my mother. She is a teacher. That is my father. His
name is Jeff Green. He is a teacher, too. He is an English teacher. That is my sister, Kate. She is
eight. This is Polly. It is a bird. It is a parrot.

(1)Jim Green is eleven.

(2)His mother is teacher.

(3)His father is a Chinese teacher.

(4)His sister is twelve.

(5)He has a bird.

【答案】 (1)0


(2)1

(3)0

(4)0

(5)1

【解析】【分析】这是介绍Jim和家人情况的短文。

(1)句意:Jim Green 11岁了。根据短文叙述 My name is Jim Green. I am twelve. (我
叫Jim Green。 我12岁了。)可知12岁了。题目叙述错误。故答案为:错误。

(2)句意:他的妈妈是一位老师。根据短文叙述 That is my mother. She is a teacher.
(那是我的妈妈。她是一位老师。)可知妈妈是老师。题目叙述正确。故答案为:正确。

(3)句意:他的爸爸是一位语文老师。根据短文叙述 He is an English teacher. (他是一
位英语老师。)可知是英语老师。题目叙述错误。故答案为:错误。

(4)句意:他妹妹12岁了。根据短文叙述 She is eight. (她8岁了。)可知她八岁。题
目叙述错误。故答案为:错误。

(5)句意:他有一只鸟。根据短文叙述 This is Polly. It is a bird. (这是Polly。它是一只
鸟。)可知有一只鸟。题目叙述正确。故答案为:正确。

【点评】这是考查阅读理解的题目。仔细阅读短文,根据短文的相关叙述来判断正误。


5.阅读理解读短文,根据短文内容完成导图

Hello, I'm Lily. I have a friend. Her name's Sally. She's eleven. Her birthday is on 10th July. She
lives far from school. She goes to school by bus. Her favourite colour is red. She has a red hat. She
can read and write. She is good at writing. She wants to be a teacher in the future. She wants to
teach Chinese in a school.


⒈________

⒉________

⒊________

⒋________ ________

⒌________ ________

⒍________ ________


【答案】eleven;by bus;10th;red

;hat

;teacher

;teach

;read

;write



【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍Sally情况的短文.

(1)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述She's eleven. (她11岁了.) 空格应填eleven岁故答
案为: eleven.

(2)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述She goes to school by bus. (她乘公交车去学校.) 可知空格
应填by bus乘公交故答案为: by bus.

(3)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述Her birthday is on 10th July.(她的生日在7月10日.)可知
空格应填10日故答案为: 10th.

(4)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述 Her favourite colour is red. (她最喜欢的颜色是红色.)可知
第一空填上红色根据句子She has a red hat. (她有一个红色的帽子.)可知这里填上帽子
故答案为: red; hat.

(5)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述She wants to be a teacher in the future. She wants to teach
Chinese in a school.(将来她想成为一名教师. 她想在一所学校教书.)可知第一句填上教师
第二空填上教故答案为: teacher; teach.

(6)这是细节理解, 根据短文叙述She can read and write.(她会读书和写字.) 可知填上读书
和写字故答案为: read; write.

【点评】这是考查阅读能力的题目. 根据短文叙述完成各题目的问题即可.


6.阅读理解下图是Ann全班同学上学方式的调查图,看图判断句子正误

(1)Fifteen students come to school on foot.

(2)Five students come to school by bus.

(3)Ten students come to school by bike.

(4)No one comes to school by car in Arm’s class.

(5)There are forty students in Ann’s class.


【答案】(1)1

(2)0

(3)1

(4)1

(5)1

【解析】【分析】这是一张Ann的全班同学上学方式的调查图.

(1)这是细节理解, 根据图表15个同学步行来学校. 题目叙述正确. 故答案为: 正确.

(2)这是细节理解, 根据图表10个同学乘公交来学校. 题目叙述不正确. 故答案为: 错误.

(3)这是细节理解, 根据图表10个同学骑自行车来学校. 题目叙述正确. 故答案为: 正确.

(4)这是细节理解, 根据图表没有人乘轿车来学校. 题目叙述正确. 故答案为: 正确.

(5)这是计算题, 根据图表15+10+5+10=40,是40名学生. 题目叙述正确. 故答案为: 正确.

【点评】这是考查阅读能力的题目. 首先要读懂表格, 这是关键.


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