一般现在时的用法
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2021年01月19日 22:31
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.
一般现在时的用法
1)
经常性或习惯性的动作
,
常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用
.
时间状语：
every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2)
客观真理
,
客观存在
,
科学事实
.
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3)
表示格言或警句中
.
Pride goes before a fall.
骄者必败
.
注意：此用法如果出现在宾 语从句中
,
即使主句是过去时
,
从句谓语也要用一般现在时
.
例：
Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4)
现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性
.
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比较：
Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时
,
用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作
,
表示言行的瞬间动作
.< br>再如：
Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.
第二句中的
now
是进行时的标志
,表示
正在进行的动作的客观状况
,
所以后句用一般现在时
.
2.
一般过去时的用法
1
）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态
.
时间状语有：
yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982
等
.
Where did you go just now?
2
）表示在过去一段时间内
,
经常性或习惯性的动作
.
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3
）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth
到
……
时间了
该
……
了
It is time sb. did sth.
时间已迟了
早该
……
了
It is time for you to go to bed.
你该睡觉了
.
It is time you went to bed.
你早该睡觉了
.
would (had) rather sb. did sth.
表示
’
宁愿某人做某事
’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope
等用过去时
,
作试探性的询问、请求、建议等
.
I thought you might have some.
我以为你想要一些
.
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去
,
现已不复存在
.
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(
含义：她已不在人间
.)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(
含义：她现在还活着
)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(
含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州
.)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(
含义：现在还住在肯塔基州
,
有可能指刚离去
)
注意：
用过去时表示现在
,
表示委婉语气
.
1
）动词
want, hope, wonder, think, intend
等
.
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2
）情态动词
could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do
：
过去常常
表示过去习惯性的动作或状态
,
但如今已不存在
.
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk. (
过去常常散步
)
be used to + doing
：
对
……已感到习惯
,
或
习惯于
是介词
,
后需 加名词或动名词
.
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(
现在习惯于散步
)
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
----
It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案
A.
本句虽没有明确的时间状语
,
但从语意上看
< br>出
,
在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生
在过去
,
因此应用过去 时
.
4.
一般将来时
1) shall
用于第一人称
,
常被
will
所代替
.
will
在陈述句中用于各人称
,
在争求意见时常用于第二人称
.
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +
不定式
,
表示将来
.
a.
主语的意图
,
即将做某事
.
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b.
计划
,
安排要发生的事
.
The play is going to be produced next month.
c.
有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +
不定式表将来
,
按计划或正式安排将发生的事
.
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +
不定式
,
意为马上做某事
.
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：
be about to
不能与
tomorrow, next week
等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用
.
5. be going to / will
用于条件句时
, be going to
表将来
will
表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to
和
be going to
be to
表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事
.
be going to
表示主观的打算或计划
.
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (
客观安排
)
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (
主观安排
)
7.
一般现在时表将来
1
）
下列动词：
come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return
的一般现在时表将来
.
这主要用来表示< br>在时间上已确定或安排好的事情
.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2
）倒装句
,
表示动作正在进行
,
如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3
）在时间或条件句中
.
When Bill comes (
不是
will come), ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as so
on as I arrive there.
4
）在动词
hope, take care that, make sure that
等后
.
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11.
用于现在完成时的句型
1
）
It is the first / second time…. that…
结构中的从句部分
,
用现在完成时
.
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2
）
This is the… that…
结构
,that
从句要用现在完成时
.
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影
.
This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌
.
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案
B. This is the first time
后面所加从句应为现在完成时
,
故选
B.
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---
No, it’s the first time I
___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案
D. ever
意为曾经或无论何时
,
反意词为
never,
此两词常用于完成时
. This is the largest fish
I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause
的句型中
,
从句要用完成时
.
注意：非延续性动词的否 定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用
.
即动作不发生的状态是可
以持续的
.
（错）
I have received his letter for a month.
（对）
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
12.
比较
since
和
for
Since
用来说明动作起始时间
,for
用来说明动作延续时间长度
.
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有
for
作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时
.
I worked here for more than twenty years.
(
我现在已不在这里工作
.)
I have worked here for many years.
(
现在我仍在这里工作
.)
小窍门：
当现在完成时
+
一段时间
,
这一结构中
,
我们用下面的公式转化
,
很容易就能排除非延
续动词在 完成时中的误使
.
1) (
对
) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) (
错
) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然
,
第二句不对
,
它应改为
Harry got married six years ago.
或
Harry has been married for six
years.
13. since
的四种用法
1) since +
过去一个时间点
(
如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、
1980, last month, half past six).
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +
一段时间
+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +
从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +
一段时间
+ since
从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
被动语态的几种类型
1
）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态
,
如：
He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2)
主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.
3
）主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带
to
的不定式
,
变为被动语态时
,< br>该不定式前要加
此类动词为
感官动词：
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
若宾语补足语是带
t o
的不定式
,
那么被动语态仍保留
to:
Mother told me not to be late