现在完成时(整理版)
余年寄山水
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2021年01月25日 00:57
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三大传统节日-
初中英语――现在完成时能力提升
made by Mr. Zhong
一．
1
）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在
造成的影 响和结果。说话人强调该动作或状态对现在的
结果或影响
。
I’m sure we’ve met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。
2
）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在
内的表示一段时间 的状语连用，如
recently, already, just, lately, for…,
since…,yet
等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days.
这些日子我没有收到她的信。
3
）
have been to
和
have gone to
的区别
二．
英语的行为动词 有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分
，使用中应注意两
者的区别。
1.
持续性动词
:
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的
study, play, do, read, learn, speak, talk, , sit, stand, keep
等。
2.
瞬间性动词
:
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的
--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to,
enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew,
die,
等
3.
瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间 的状语连用，通常用意思相
当的持续性动词来替换
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.
（他参军已有
3
年了。）不用
has joined
She has been up for quite some time.
（她起床已有好久了。）不用
has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?
（离家已有好久了吗？）
不用
has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1
、
go
—
be away
2
、
come
—
be here
3
、
come back
—
be back
4
、
leave
—
be
away
（
be not here
）
5
、
buy
—
have
6
、
borrow
—
keep
7
、
die
——
be
dead
8
、
begin
——
be on
9
、
finish
—
be over
10
、
open
——
be open
1
初中英语――现在完成时能力提升
made by Mr. Zhong
11
、
close
——
be closed
12
、
lose
——
be lost
13
、
get to know
—
know
14
、
turn on
—
be on
15
、
get up
——
be up
16
、
sit down
—
sit/beseated
17
、
join
—
be in
（
…
）或
be a…member
18
、
become
—
be
4.
瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
例如：
I haven’t seen you for a long time.
（好久没见到你了。）
区别下面三组词
Have been to
表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来
Have gone to
表示去了，还未回来
Have been in
表示一直在某个地方
五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成 时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去，但它的 影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，
不表示和现在的关系。
I have just been to London. I went there last month.
我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去
的。
1.
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完< br>成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2.
过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间 状语连
用，或无时间状语。
现在完成时的练习（一）
一、
单项选择
1
、
Both his parents look sa
d. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
Ａ
.
knew
Ｂ
.
have
known
Ｃ
.
must
know
Ｄ
.
will
know
2
、
He
has
_______
been
to
Shanghai,
has
he?
Ａ
.
already
Ｂ
.
never
Ｃ
.
ever
Ｄ
.
still
3
、
Have
you
met
Mr.
Li
______
？
Ａ
.
just
Ｂ
.
ago
Ｃ
.before
Ｄ
.a
moment
ago
4
、
The
famous
writer
_____
one
new
book
in
the
past
two
year
.
Ａ
.
is
writing
Ｂ
.was
writing
Ｃ
.wrote
Ｄ
.has
written
5
、
—
Our
country
______
a
lot
so
far
.
—
Yes.
I
hope
it
will
be
even
____
Ａ
.
has
changed
;
well
Ｂ
.
changed;
good
Ｃ
.
has
changed
;
better
Ｄ
.
changed;
better
6
、
Zhao
Lan
______already
______in
this
school
for
two
years
.
Ａ
.
was;
studying
Ｂ
.
will;
study
Ｃ
.
has;
studied
Ｄ
.
are;
studying
2
初中英语――现在完成时能力提升
made by Mr. Zhong
7
、
We
______
Xiao
Li
since
she
was
a
little
girl
.
Ａ
.
know
Ｂ
.
had
known
Ｃ
.
have
known
Ｄ
.
knew
8
、
Harry
Potter
is
a
very
nice
film.
I_______
it
twice
.
Ａ
.
will
see
Ｂ
.
have
seen
Ｃ
.
saw
Ｄ
.see
9
、
—
These
farmers
have
been
to
the
United
States
—
Really?
When
_____
there?
Ａ
.
will
they
go
Ｂ
.
did
they
go
Ｃ
.
do
they
go
Ｄ
.
have
they
gone
10
、
—
______
you
___
your
homework
yet
?
—
Yes.
I
_____
it
a
moment
ago.
Ａ
.
Did;
do;
finished
Ｂ
.
Have;
done;
finished
Ｃ
.
Have;
done;
have
finished
Ｄ
.
will;
do;
finish
11
、
His
father
______
the
Party
since
1978
.
Ａ
.
joined
Ｂ
.
has
joined
Ｃ
.
was
in
D.
has
been
in
12
、
—
Do
you
know
him
well
?
—
Sure
.We
_________
friends
since
ten
years
ago
.
Ａ
.
were
Ｂ
.
have
been
Ｃ
.
have
become
Ｄ
.
have
mad
1
13
、
—
How
long
have
you
____
here
?
—
About
two
months.
Ａ
.
been
Ｂ
.
gone
Ｃ
.
come
Ｄ
.
Arrived
14
、
Hurry
up!
The
play
__________
for
ten
minutes.
Ａ
.
has
begun
Ｂ
.
had
begun
Ｃ
.
has
been
on
Ｄ
.
Began
15
、
It
_____
ten
years
since
he
left
the
army
.
Ａ
.
is
Ｂ
.
has
Ｃ
.
will
Ｄ
.
Was
16
、
Miss
Green
isn't
in
the
office.
she
_______
to
the
library.
Ａ
.
has
gone
Ｂ
.
went
Ｃ
.will
go
Ｄ
.
has
been
17
、
My
parents
______
Shandong
for
ten
years.
Ａ
.
have
been
in
Ｂ
.
have
been
to
Ｃ
.
have
gone
to
Ｄ
.
have
been
18
、
The
students
have
cleaned
the
classroom,
?
A.
so
they
B.
don’t
they
C.
have
they
D.
haven’t
they
19
has
Mr
White
been
a
member
of
Greener
China
since
he
to
Ch
ina?
A.
How
soon,
comes
B.
How
often,
got
C.
How
long,
came
D.
How
far,
arrived
20
、
His
uncle
for
more
than
9
years.
A.
has
come
here
B.
has
started
to
work
C.
has
lived
there
D.
has
left
the
university
二、
句型转换。
1
、
He has never surfed,
?
（改成反意疑问句）
2
、
They have been here since 2000.
(
对划线部分提问
)
have they been here?
3
、
The old man _________ last year. He
for a year. (die)
（动词填空）
3