(新)现在完成时现在完成进行时
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2021年01月25日 01:17
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论语八则翻译-
1.
现在完成时
（
1
）现在完成时的定义：
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在有 了结果，对现在造成影响。该时态还可表示开
始于过去并持续到现在一段时间内发生的动作。它是一个把 过去和现在密切联系起来
的时态。
（
2
）现在完成时的构成：
have/has+
过去分词
（
3
）现在完成时的基本用法：
1
）
表示（不确定的）过去发生（可能刚结束）的动作（通常为短暂性动词）
，但它所造
成的状态目 前依然存在，后面通常不用时间状语，但句中常出现
just,
recently,
lately,
already,
yet
（用于疑问句和否定句）等副词。如：
I’ve just finished reading the novel.
我刚刚读完这本小说。
Have you seen the doctor yet?
你看过医生了吗？
2
）
表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在（有可能到将来）< br>（通常为延续性
动词）
，
常和
for+
时间段
（for
可以省略）
或
since +
时间点
（如：
then/1998/five years ago/he
left
）
, today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for
the last/past few years/days
等时间状语连用。如：
She has been a teacher for twenty years.
她已经当了
20
年的老师了。
I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night.
自上周五晚到现在我一直没看到贾斯廷。
3
）
表示从过去到现在的反复性和习惯性动作，常和
always,
often,
from
time
to
time,
frequently,
ever, never, seldom, before, once, …times
等表示频度的副词和短语连用。
如：
I have often/never heard her sing this song.
我经常
/
从未听她唱这首歌。
Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.
有些村民说他们多次看到过
飞碟。
4
）现在完成时还可用于时间和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时
,
此时强调动作的完成。
如：
Let’ wait until
the rain stops/has stopped.
让我们等到雨停了。
If anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk?
如有人发现一块手
表，可否请他放在我桌上？
I will write the letter when I have finished the book.
我看完这本书后就写信。
5
）现在完成时还可用于某些固定句型中。如：
①
“It/This/That is the first/second…time
+that
从句
”
，从句谓语动词用现在完成时。
Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That’s the third time that he’s phoned her this morning.
比尔又在给他女朋友打电话了。这已是他今天上午第三次给她打电话了。
②
“… is the +
形容词最高级
+
名词
+
定语从句
”
，从句谓语动词用现在完成时。
He is the most diligent student that I have (ever) taught
他是我教过的最勤奋的学生。
③
“
It is +一段时间
+since+
一般过去时（谓语动词为短暂性动词）
”
。如：
It is two years since he left the country.
他离开这个国家已有两年了。
=He left the country two years ago.=He has been away from the country for two years.
▲
leave
等短暂性动词必须改换成相应的状态动词。成对的词有：
become---be;
come/arrive---be here, go/leave---be away, return/get back---be back, die ---be dead;
join the army---serve in the army, marry---be married to, borrow-the book--keep the book, catch a
cold---have a cold, start/begin---be on (
开始，
进行，
放映
)
，
end/finish/stop ---be over, appear---be
there, disappear---be gone, get lost---be missing
（丢失）
。
1
2
．
现在完成进行时
(1)
现在完成进行时定义：
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某时开始，
一直延续到现在，
可能刚停止，
也可能还在
继续（视上下文确定）
。 现在完成进行时一般不用于被动语态。
（
2
）现在完成进行时的构成：have/has+been+
现在分词
（
3
）现在完成进行时的基本用法：
1
）
表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。它常和
how long, for+
时间段
,
since+
时间点结构及
all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning
等连用。如：
I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned
home.
回到家以来我一直睡得不好。
We have been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder.
我们一直在调查其他的可能性，比如说谋杀。
2
）
表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。如：
—Sorry, I’m late. Have you been waiting long?
对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吗？
—Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.
是的，我等了一个小时了。
3
）
表示现在以前这段时期反复发生的动作（强调次数多，动作不一定持续）
。如：
He has been cycling to work for the last three weeks.
三周以来，他一直骑自行车上班。
We’ve been seeing
quite a lot of each other recently.
最近我们经常见面。
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week.
一周来吉姆每晚都给杰妮打电话。
3.
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：
1
）
现在完成时 表示到现在为止动作已经完成，
强调结果；
而现在完成进行时强调动作本
身的持续性， 不管动作是否完成。如：
I have read this novel.
我已读过这本小说。
（可能刚读过，也可能是很久以前读的）
I have been reading this novel.
我一直在读这本小说。
（不一定看完）
★
这种词包括
write, build, design, repair, clean
等。
2
）
现在完成时表示反复发生的动作，询问或说明已经完成动作的多少或次数，用
how
many times
；而现在完成进行时表示持续的不间断的动作，询问或说明动作的延续性
（长久）
，用
how long
。如：
How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
你本月访问过埃及几次？
How long have you been reading that book?
那本书你读了多长时间了？
3
）
一些表示感情和情绪的词，
如：
like, care (=like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want,
wish
；
表示精神活动的动词，
如：
agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think),
imagine,
feel
(=think),
think,
trust,
forget,
remember,
know,
mean,
realize,
recognize,
doubt
；感官动词，如：
appear, look, seem, see, notice, observe, sound, hear, taste
；状态
动词，如：
have, belong, owe, own, possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve
等不能用
于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1
970.
自从
1970
年起他们就相互认识了。
4
）
现在完成时的句子中可以用像
never,
yet,
already和
ever
这样的词，而现在完成进行
时的句子中不可以用这些词。如：
I have already been to London.
我已去过伦敦。
5
）
现在完成时表示的重复行动有时可以用现在完成进行时表示为连续的行动。如：
I
’
ve written six letters since breakfast.
早饭后我已经写了六封信。
I
’
ve been writing letters since breakfast.
早饭后我一直在写信。
I have knocked five times. I don
’
t think anybody is in.
我已敲了
5
次门。
我想屋里没人。
I have been knocking, and I don
’
t think anybody is in.
我一直在敲门。我想屋里没人。
2
6
）
< br>在表达从过去开始现仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，
某些动词因本身就有持续性，
故用现在完成时与现在完成进行时（与
for+
时间段
,
或
sin ce+
时间点）均可，只是现在
完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。
如：
rai n
（下雨）
，
snow
（下雪）
，
lie
（躺）< br>，
sit
（
坐）
，
stand
（站）
，sleep
（睡觉）
，
live
（居住）
，
stay< br>（待，逗留）
，
learn/study
（学习）
，
teac h
（教书）
，
work
（工作）
，
wait
（等待 ）
，
expect
（期待，
盼望。
等）
，
hope
（希望）
，
want
（想要）等。如：
How long have you learnt/have you been learning English?
你学习英语多长时间了？
单项填空
:
从
A< br>、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项。
1. I _____ the American TV series
Prison Break
these days and I can finish watching within two
days.
A. have watched
B. have been watching
C. watch
D. am watching
2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology. (2007
天
津卷
)
A. had discovered
B. had been discovered
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered
3. I got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit_______.
(
改编自
2007
北京卷
)
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
4.
—
I have got a headache.
—
No wonder. You
in front of that computer too long.
(2007
江西卷
)
A. work
B. are working
C. have been working
D. worked
5. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________.
(2007
四川卷
)
A. have marked
B. have been marked
C. had marked
D had been marked
6. Danny
hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
(2007
福建卷
)
A. works
B. is working
C. has worked
D. worked
7. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____
English for a year.
(2007
湖南卷
)
A. studies
B. studied
C. is studying
D. has been studying
8. ---If the traffic hadn
’
t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o
’
clock.
---What a pity! Tina _______ here to see you.
(2005
湖南卷
)
A. is
B. was
C. would be
D. has been
9.
—
Have you got any job offers?
—
No. I ______.
(2008
辽宁卷
)
A. waited
B. had been waiting
C. have waited
D. am waiting
10. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.
(2008
安徽卷
)
A. taught
B. have taught
C. are taught
D. have been taught
11.
—
Do you think we should accept that offer?
（
2008
江西卷）
—
Yes, we should, for we _____such bad luck up till now, and time ____ out.
A. have had; is running
B. had; is running
C. have; has been run
D. have had; has been run
12. ---
I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
---I think so. He ______ for it for months.
（
2008
江苏卷）
A. is preparing
B. was preparing
C. had been preparing
D. has been preparing
13.
—
Are you going to attend the concert tonight?
—Well, I’d like to, but I _____ the ticket.
A. didn’t get
B. hadn’t got
C. haven’t got
D. can’t get
3