完成时态的讲解与练习
别妄想泡我
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2021年01月25日 01:20
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小学二年级美术教案-
现在完成时的用法和练习题
一
.
用法：
（
1
）动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。
与一般过去时的区别
：
强调过去
—
一般过去式
强调对现在的影响
---
现在完成时
。
试比较：
I have lost my new book.
我把新书丢了。
（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday.
我昨天把新书丢了。
（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）
My mother went to Shanghai.
Where is your mother? ---She has gone to Shanghai.
. I didn’t have breakfast.
I haven’t have breakfast yet.
（
2
）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被
just
、
already
、
yet
等
副词修饰。
如：
--Have you had lunch yet?
--Yes, I have. I've just had it.
你（已经）吃午饭了吗？
我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）
（
3
）现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和
带有
for和
since
等
表示一段时间的状语
。
He has been in the army for ten years.
I have studied English since 1980.
（
4
）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语
“
过”
，
表示次数：一
次
once;
二次
: twice,
三次：
three times…
, ever, never
等时间状语
。
如：
I have been to Beijing twice.
我去过北京二次。
I have been to Shanghai twice.
She has watched this film three times.
I have never seen more beautiful girl than she.
1
练
习
1.
我已经在深圳住了十年。
___________________________________
2.
我的叔叔自从
1960
年以来都在寻找他的女儿。
___________________________________
3.
我踢足球已经有两年了。
___________________________________
4.
我自从
1996
年就认识玛丽
___________________________________
5. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
6. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
7. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
8. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
9. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二
.
构成：
(1)
肯定句：
have / has done
(2)
否定句：
.
..have/has
not
done
(3)
一般疑问句：
Have/ Has ... done ....?
Yes, ... have/has.
No, ...have/has not.
(4)
常用的时间状语有：
already
never
ever
just
yet
“
已经
”
“
从不
”
“
曾经
”
“
刚刚
”
“
已经
”
、
“
还
”
肯定句的中间和末尾处
中间处
疑问句和肯定句的中间处
中间处
疑问句、否定句的末尾处
)
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用
.
A.
already
和
yet
区别
:
I have already finished my homework.
2
already
用在
_______
，位于
_______
。
“
已经
”
Have you finished your homework yet?
yet
用在
_______
和< br>________
中，位于
_______
。
“
仍然，还，已 经
”
与
since
区别
:
for +
时间段
since+
时间点
I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.
I have been here__________7 o'clock.
用
since
和
for
填空
1
. ______ two years
2._______ two years ago
3. _______ last month
4.______
1999
5._______
yesterday
6.
_______ 4 o’clock
7. ______ 4 hours
8._______ an hour
9. _______ we were children
10. _____ lunch time
11.______ she left here
12, _______ she was very young
13. _______ she was a child
14, _____ more than twenty years
三
.
have been in,
have been to
与
have gone to
的用法区别
（
一）
.have(has) been in
表示
“
在 某地呆多长时间
”
，
常与表示一段时间的状语连用，
如：
since , for, how long
等。
例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配：
have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm
have been here (there) / abroad
（
二）
.have(has)been to
表示
“
曾经去 过某地
”
，现在已经不在那里了。可与
just, ever, never
等连用，
例如：
I have just been to the post office.
我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall.
玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou?
你曾经去过杭州吗？
H ave(has) been to
后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次
。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times.
我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times.
他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（三）
.have(has) gone t o
意为
“
到某地去了
”
，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之， 说话时该人不在
现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：
----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop.
汤姆在哪里？他到书店去
Jack Johnson has gone to London.
杰克
.
约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练
习
I.
用
have(has) been
或
have(has) gone
填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
3
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II.
用
have/has been to/in,
have gone to
及
go
的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ___________ the park just now.
3) John __________ England since he came back.
4) How long _________ have _________ this village?
5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.
6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.
7) I _________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.
9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there before.
11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.
12) He often _________ swimming.
13) __________ you __________ there last year?
14) __________ they often __________ skating in winter?
四
.
注意
现在完成时中，
非延续性动词不能与
f or
和
since
引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性
动 词来代替
。
（就是说：有
for
或
since
的句子里，
一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）
。例如：
borrow
→
keep,
buy
→
have,
begin/start
→
be
on,
die
→
be
dead,
join
→
be
in/be
a
member
of-
，
come/arrive → be here/in,
come/get back → be back,
go/leave → be away(from),
marry → be married(to),
【练一练】
在现在 完成时中，在与
_______
和
________
引导的表示一段时间的状 语连用时，通常是用相应的
__________
4
动词来代替
__________.
例如：
borrow →___________,
buy →_______________,
begin/start →__________
___,
die →_______________,
join →__________________
，
come/arrive →_____________
come/get back →_____________,
go/leave →_____________,
marry →_______________,
练
习
1) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____
____ for ____ ____.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________
_________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________
_________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
4)He came back two years ago.
He _________
__________ _________ for __________ __________.
5
）
He arrived Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________
_________ Beijing for _________ _________.
①
arrive at/in sw.
get to/reach sw.
come/go/move to sw.
→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________
_________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________
________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________
_________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________
_________ here since _________ __________.
②
come/go back, return → be back
come/go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________
_________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________
_________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③
be
come → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
5
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④
close → be closed
，
open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________
_________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door _____________
_______________ ________________ for six hours.
⑤
get up → be up
，
die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall
asleep/get to sleep → be asleep
finish/end → be over
marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________
________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________
________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______
________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______
______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________
since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________
__________since _________.
⑥
start/begin to do sth. → do sth.
begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I __________ ____________ at this school since ___________.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ___________ ____________
_____________ for __________ ______________.
⑦
borrow → keep
，
lose → not have
，
buy → have
，
put on → wear
catch/get a cold → have a cold
，
get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
6