青州双脑英语网站内部英语学习资料
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2021年01月28日 16:44
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清扬的意思-花满楼简谱
语法词汇
语法结构——倒装句
青州市双脑英语培训学校网站英语学习之二
英语句子的一般语序为“主语部分+谓语部分”
。如果把谓语放到主语前 面,
我们称之为倒装。
倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
把谓语部分完全放到主语前称为 完全倒装;
把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,
我们称之为部分倒装。倒装有多种原因,如:< br>在问句中
(Where
did
he
go?)
,
在
there
+
be
结
构
里
,
在
以
here(
这
里
)
(Here
is
another
one.
)
,
there(
那里
) (There is a dog at the door. )
等副词开头的某些句子里,
在祝
愿句里
(Long
live peace!)
,在有些感叹句中
(Here comes the
bus!)
。还有主语部分较长时
需要倒装,强调句 子的某一成分时需要倒装等等。
I
句子结构的需要
一、疑问句的倒装
1.
疑问句
(
包括一般与特殊
)
在直接引语中仍需倒装
1) A question often posed
[
A
]
about journalism is
“
How much
freedom reporters should
[
B
]
have in interpreting
[
C
]
any given news
item
[
D
]
?
”
2.
特殊疑问句在从句中为间接引语时不能倒装
He asked me where I wanted to go.
二、表示前一种也适用于后一种情况的倒装。
如果 第一分句是肯定句,
第二分句用
so
+倒装结构,
如果第一分句是否定句,< br>则用
neither, nor,
no more
He can
’
t speak German, (and) neither can I.
他不会说德语,我也不会。
He had no friends nor acquantances, nor did he make any.
他没有朋友也没有相识,他也不交朋友。
You haven
’
t finished reading it, no more have I.
你没看完,我也一样
(
没看完
)
。
She is a bit nervous, (and) so am I.
她有点紧张,我也是。
三、虚拟结构中的倒装
在虚拟结构中的条件从句中,如果
if
被省略那么
were,
had
或
should
要移至主语之
前
(could, might
很少引导这样的倒装句
)
。
四、有些让步状语从句需要倒装
Come
what
may,
I
will
go
there.
不管发生什么情况,我都要去。/
Change
your
mind
as
you will, you will get no supplies.
即使你改变主意,你也不会得到供给品。
五、例题解析
1) B
错。改为
should reporters
。
II
强调的需要
一、
“某些副词
(
短语
)
+助动词+主语+谓语 ”的倒装结构
这些副词有
(just)then, soon, often, only(in this way, then), so(
+形容词
),
especially, near(
+地点名词或短语
), early(
+时间状语
), in vain, many a time
等
等
1) So little ___ about mathematics that the lecture was completely
beyond me.
[
A
]
I know
[
B
]
I knew
[
C
]
do I know
[
D
]
did I know
2) ___ a partial answer.
[
A
]
Will be found in this chapter
[
B
]
In this chapter found
will be
[
C
]
In this chapter will be found
[
D
]
This chapter will be
found in
3) So abundant and so prominent the material benefits of science
are
[
A
]
that in the eyes of many
[
B
]
these seem to be the only
[
C
]
benefits which she brings
[
D
]
.
注意:上述有些词如
only
虽然位于句子的开头,但它们作形容词用不是
修 饰介词短语或状语从句,而是修饰名词或代词则句子不需倒装:
Only
he managed to pass the exam.
只有他设法通过了考试。
二、以表示否定的副词开始的句子需要倒装
1.
常见的否定副词有
never, little, nowhere, not only(
„
but also, as well),
not until, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, not once, seldom, no
sooner
4) ___ France Viuard an excellent political speaker but she was
also among the first members of the populist party.
[
A
]
Not only
[
B
]
If only
[
C
]
Only
[
D
]
Not only was
5) At
[
A
]
no time China will
[
B
]
be the first
[
C
]
to use unclear
weapons
[
D
]
.
6) Never the world has
[
A
]
seen so many nations cooperating
[
B
]
in
such a
[
C
]
worthy
[
D
]
venture.
2.
但是,否定副词如果只是限定句子主语而非修饰谓语或全句,则句子
不必倒装
Hardly anyone has seen a man who eats ants.
还没有人发现人吃蚂蚁。
3.
此外,某些否定词,如
no
、
not,
修饰主语而不是作状语时,句子也不
必倒装
No survivor has yet been found.
还没有发现幸存者。
Not all that glitters is gold.
不是闪光的东西都是金的。
7) Not ___ on dry land.
[
A
]
are all valleys
[
B
]
valleys all are
[
C
]
valleys are all
[
D
]
all valleys are
4.
但当“
not a
和
many a
+名词”位于句首时,要用倒装语序
Not a word did he say at the meeting.
会上他一句话也没说。
Many a time has the manager emphasized this point.
经理多次强调这一点。