Since-和-for-的用法及区别
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2021年01月28日 20:08
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户籍管理制度-欣慰的近义词是什么
Si nee
和
for
的用法及区别
:
一
,
since
的四种用法
1,
si nee +
过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、
ago. 1990, last mo nth , half past six I
have bee n here si nee 1990. 1990
起,我一直在这儿。
2
,
since+
—段时间
+ago
I have bee n here since f i ve mon t h s ago
。自从五个月前,我已经在这儿了。
3
,
sinee+
从句
Great
Cha nges have taken place si nee you left.
4
,
It is +
一段时间
+since
从句
I t i s t w o years since I became an En g l i s h teacher.
我成为英语
老师有两年了。
二,
Since
和
for
区别
1
,
Si nee +
时间点,具体时间
“自从、、、以来,从、、、以后”
用来说明动作起始时间
自从你走后,已经发生了很大的变化。
I have bee n in Beiji ng since 2010.
2
,
For +
时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度,因此句中的谓语动词,也应该是延续
性动词。
I have been in Beijing for one year
。
We have lear nt En glish for about three years.
I have
been
here for 3 days.
(
对
)
I have
arrived
here for 3 days.
(误)
三,延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、
动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词
表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:
learn, work, sta nd, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay
等。
终止性动词
也称
非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词
即结束。
如
,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立
open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy
等。
四、
延续性动词的用法特征
1.
延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示
”
段时间
的状语连用。表示
段时间
的短语有:
for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long
等
I have lear ned En glish since I came here.
自从我来至
U
这儿就学英语了。
2.
延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的
”
点时间
”
状语连用。
女口:
It raind at eight yesterday morning .
(误)
rain
为延续性动词,而
at eight
表示
点时间< br>”
,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表
示一瞬
间的动作,可借助
come begin get
等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:
It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
(
正
)
又如:
-Whe n did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-The n you' ve known each other for more tha n two years.
-That's right.
五、
终止性动词的用法特征
1.
在完成时。女口:
The train has arrived.
火车到了。
终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,
因此可用于现
Have you joi ned the computer group?
你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.
终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语用
(
只限肯定
式
)
。
如:
(
1
)
他死了三年了。
误:
He has died for three years.
正:
He has bee n dead for three years.
正:
He died three years ago.
正:
It is three years since he died.
正:
Three years has passed since he died.
⑵
他来这儿五天了。
误:
He has come here for five days.
正:
He has bee n here for five days.
正:
He came here five days ago.
正:
It is five days since he came here.
正:
Five days has passed since he came here.
句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方
式。
下面列举几例:
leave
宀
be away, borrow
宀
keep, buy have, beg in /start
be
on, die be dead, move to live in, fin ish
member
of, open sth.
keep sth. open, fall ill
^
be ill, get up be up, catch a cold have
a cold
be over, jo in
be in/be a