猜测词义的方法(策略)
绝世美人儿
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2021年01月29日 22:51
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关于圣诞节-韩国男团
.
猜测词义的方法
不少人在阅读中经常碰到生词，要是问他怎么办，他的 回答是查词典。一碰到生词就查词典并不
是一个好的阅读方法。因为这样做势必影响阅读速度，而且因为 查词典的次数越多，阅读信心也丧失
得越多有时会导致阅读半途而费。再说，就是在词典里查到了某个词 ，一看解释有十条八条的，也不
知应该选哪一条。因此笔者的建议是：尽量少查词典，碰到生词时猜猜看 。
也许有人会问，怎么个猜法
?
当然孤零零的生词是很难猜出来的如
“
candid
，
quelled
，
and
in undated
”
这几个字如孤立地猜，
确实很难猜但是如果把它们放在句子中，可能很快就能猜出意思。
Candid means _______.
(A) complimentary (B) straightforward and honest (C) creative
The kindergarten
teacher
quelled
the racket in her classroom by promising that she'd
finish the funny story she had started yesterday.
Quelled means .
(a) taught (B) recorded (C) quieted
The town was
inundated
with water when the river overflowed during the storm.
Inundated means ______.
(A) flooded (B) sprinkled (C) blessed
在上面的句子中，那些不熟悉词的上下文有些暗示， 提供了一些线索，因此，可能猜出
candid
意即
straightforward (
直截了当
)
；
quelled
意即
quieted(< br>使安静
)
；
inundated
意即
flooded(
遭水灾
)
。
猜测词义是必须 掌握的重要阅读技巧。因为作者在写作时，估计到读者有时会碰到不认识的词，
Since
you
want
a
candid
opinion
of
your
new
pants,
I
honestly
think
they
are
too
tight.
他会通过上下文给出一点暗示或线索，让读者在上下文的语境中理解 这些词。作为读者，应该学会寻
找这些线索。
< br>阅读的过程是一个思维的过程，是一个与作者交流的双向的过程。我们一边阅读，一边要问自己
好 多“为什么”
，并假设出可能的答案，然后去找出真正的答案来证实自己的假设。根据上下文猜测
词义也是这种创造性思维的一部分。假如动不动就去查词典
(
当然有时还需要查词典
)
，那就等于放弃
了进行创造性思维的可能性，从发展思维方法上说，是很遗憾的。
之所以不要—碰到生词就查词典，
还因为假如这个 词是重要的，
作者一定会使它重复出现，
因此，
在没有查词典之前，根据上下文，能猜 出它的意思。
学会猜测词义的好处之一，假如为 了理解“生词”而前后左右去寻找线索，那就一定把注意力集
中到句子上，而不是个别词语上，久而久之 ，就一定会自然而然地提高对句子的理解，对句际之间关
系的理解，乃至对整个篇章的理解能力。
好处之二，假如根据上下文的意思猜出了—个新的词语 ，就等于增加了词汇量。这个词语是在表
达意思的语境中学到的，不是干巴巴地靠背生词表，背词典而学 来的，对它的印象一定很深刻。而且
知道这个词语与其他词语的关系，
就知道应该怎样在句子中 使用这个词语。
这样学得的词汇二是轻易
忘不了的。
好处之三，假如掌握了这个技巧，就一定会省下好多查词典的时间，加快阅读速度，增加阅读 的
总量，也必定导致增强阅读信心。久而久之，还会收到意想不到的结果，扩大了词汇量。
那到底应该怎样根据上下文猜测词义呢
?
下面介绍一些方法。
·定义法
提示词
is(are)called
，
that is
，
i.e., is referred to as
，定语从句，同位
语从句等。
1.
A
line
slanting
from
one
corner
to
the
opposite
corner
is
called
a
diagonal
line
.
2. An animal with four feet is referred to as
quadruped
.
·重述法
.
.
提示词
or, put another way
,
破折号，冒号，括号等。
3. In
leukemia
-- one kind of cancer -- too many white blood cells are produced in
the body.
4. When you have a disease like measles or chicken pox, your body cells produce
substances
called
antibodies
which
destroy
the
germs
or
make
their
poisons
harmless.
When
you get well, you have enough of these antibodies left to protect you from getting the
disease again. This protection, or
immunity
, against some disease may last the rest of
your life.
·举例法
提示词
for example, such as, e.g.
等。
5. Electricity is sent out to homes and factories over wires, but it cannot be sent
for
long
distances
because
it
leaks
out
of
the
wires.
Insulators
,
especially
robber,
glass,
and wood, are used to help prevent this leakage of electricity.
6.
Agents
of
erosion
,
like
wind,
moving
water,
and
glaciers,
are
always
at
work
changing
the earth's surface.
·常识及上下文相关信息法
7. Luther was very sad when his grandfather died, but thanks to the
inheritance
his
grandfather left him, he could afford to go to college.
8. Baltimore at mid-century began to
boom
. By 1790 it has risen to become the new
republic's fourth largest city with aspirations to overtake the three still ahead.
·同义词和反义词法
9.
Bob
and
Rose
were
as
different
as
night
and
day;
he
was
taciturn
but
she
was
talkative.
10.
Considering
the
harshness
of
the
crime,
the
light
punishment
that
he
received
seemed
quite
lenient
.
·构词法
11. My horse, despite its
unimpressive
appearance, had covered sixty miles under the
scorching sun without any difficulty.
Passage 1
Aside
from
perpetuating
itself,
the
solo
purpose
of
the
American
Academy
and
Institute
of Art and Letters is to
and
art.
This
is
done
by
enthusiastically
handing
out
money.
Annual
cash
awards
are
given
to
deserving
artists
in
various
categories
of
creativity:
architecture,
musical
composition, theater, novels, serious poetry, light verse, painting,
and
sculpture. One
award
subsidizes
a
promising:
American
writer's
visit
to
Rome.
There
is
even
an
award
for
a very good work of fiction that failed commercially --one won by the young John Updike
for The Poor-house Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In love and Trouble.
The
awards
and
prizes
total
about
$$750
000
a
year,
but
most
of
them
range
in
size
from
$$12 500, a welcome sum to many young practitioners whose work may not bring in that much
money
in
a
year.
One
of
the
advantages
of
award
is
that
many
go
to
the
struggling
artists,
rather
than
to
those
who
are
already
successful.
Members
of
the
Academy
and
Institute
are
not
eligible
for
any
cash
prizes.
Another
advantage
is
that,
unlike
the
National
Endowment
for the Arts or similar institutions throughout the world, there is no government money
involved.
.
.
Awards
are
made
by
committee.
Each
of
the
three
departments-Literature(120
members),
Art(83),
Music(47)
has
a
committee
dealing
with
its
own
field.
Committee
membership
rotates
every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.
The most financially rewarding of all the Academy-Institute awards are the Mildred
and
Harold
Strauss
Livings.
Harold
Strauss,
a
devoted
editor
at
Alfred
A.
Knopf,
the
New
York publishing house, and Mildred Strauss, his wife, were wealthy and childless. They
left
the
Academy-Institute
a
unique
bequest:
for
five
continuous
years,
two
distinguished
(and
financially
needy)writers
would
receive
enough
money
so
they
could
devote
themselves
entirely
to
“
prose
literature
”
.
In
1983,the
first
Strauss
Livings
of
$$35
000
a
year
went
to short-story writer Raymond Carver and novelist-essayist Cynthia Ozick. By 1988, the
fund
had
grown
enough
so
that
two
winners,
novelists
Diane
Johnson
and
Robert
Stone,
each
got $$50 000 a year for five years.
1.
Why
does
American
Academy-Institute
offer
large
numbers
of
awards
and
prizes
every
year?
(A) Because they have a lot of money from various sponsors.
(B) Because they want to help and encourage the young artists.
(C) Because the government allocates large amount of money to them.
(D) Because the artists need money to go abroad for experience.
2. The awards are given to the following except ______.
(A) short stories writers
(C) musical composers
(A) the needy artists
(B) architecture designers
(D) medical practitioners
(B) the famous artists
3. According to the passage, many awards go to______.
(C) the imaginative artists
(D) the experienced artists
4.
of
the
Academy
and
Institute
are
not
eligible
for
any
cash
prizes.
here is closest in meaning to______.
(A) flexible (B) suitable (C) capable (D) imaginable
5. We can infer from the passage that ________.
(A)
The
Mildred
and
Harold
Strauss
Livings
left
a
lot
of
fortune
to
the
Academy-Institute
after they died.
(B)
American
government
save
a
lot
of
money
because
of
the
Academy- Institute's
awards
(C) People who are engaged in creativity usually have financial problems before they
become successful
(D)
Committee
membership
changes
every
year
so
that
new
members
can
express
their
new
ideas
Passage 2
The
Neanderthal(
尼安德特人
)may
not
have
had
a
poet's
soul,
but
there
is
evidence
that
he was more
The much savage and now extinct member of the genus Homo, who lived around of the
Mediterranean
from
100
000
to
45
000
years
ago,
is
now
recognized
to
have
had
an
intricate
social
structure.
Neanderthal
man
is
believed
to
have
followed
forms
of
religious
ritual.
A
Columbia
University
anthropologist
has
suggested that
the practice of medicine may
also belong on Neanderthal' s list of accomplishments. Dr. Ralph S. Solecki bases his
speculation
on
an
examination
of
preserved
pollen
grains
found
with
a
male
skeleton
buried
in an Iraqi cave 60 000 years ago. Of the eight plants represented in the grave, seven
.