汽车广告语-调休

2021年1月29日发(作者：迪卡尼奥)
2018
届高中英语阅读理解专题之

猜测词义

【命题特 点】
考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力
,
突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。< br>
【常见考法】

1. The underlined word “…”probably means____.

2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____.

3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.

4. Which of the follo
wing is the closest in meaning to the word “…”?

5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”?

6. By saying “…”, we mean_____.

7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for?

8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to____
_.

一．通过定义或解释推测语义

有些概念性生词出现后，
作者会给 出它的定义、同位语、
修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成
分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义
（
1
）
定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：
be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called,
be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute
（指。
。
）

等。

（
2
）解释则常用
as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is
（
to say
）
, in other words,
namely
等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。

（
3
）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。

（< br>4
）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。

eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted,
seen, or smelled.



(













)
2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse
（配偶）

at a time.


（













）


Exercises:
1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ___________
2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. ___________
3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. __________
4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks. _________
5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial- intelligence machines that they say will
think like people. ___________

Test 1

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of
people to help their symptoms.

61. What is ARICEPT
？



（




）

A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s

B. A medicine to delay signs of aging.
C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

D. A medicine to cure brain damage.
Test 2
Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as
caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.

1
（
1
）
According to the passage, The Pines is a ______.

（





）

A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

二．利用例证猜测语义

某些阅读文章为了 证实或说明某一观点，
常会举一些例子，
而且时时会用一些标志性语
言或标点符号来引 出，
如：
括号、
破折号、
冒号等或诸如
for example, for instance, such as, and
so on, just as, like, similarity
等连接词或词组。

eg.
1.
You
may
borrow
from
the
library
any
periodicals:
Nature,
News
Week,
Times
and
The
listener. __________
2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.

Exercises:
1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home
with their hands over their heads. ___________
2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol, on the skin. ___________
3.
In
the
corner
there
may
be
a
Christmas
tree
with
its
branches
decorated
with
shining
ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. ___________

Test


The largest player
–

Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices
–
--- deluxe sedans
，
minivans
，
station wagons
，
coaches
，
Santana sedans are the big favorite.

56 The words
“
deluxe sedans
”
，
“
minivans
”

and
“
station wagons
”

used in the text
refers to _______.


（






）

A. cars in the making


B. car rental firms


C. cars for rent


D. car makers

三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义

（
1
）利用反义关系推测语义






有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，
或者表转折意义的连词，
词 组等，
抓住这些
可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有

although, but, however, whereas
（反之）
,nevertheless
（然而，
不过）
，
on the contrary, in contrast, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for
another, instead
（
of
）
, rather than
等。

（
2
）利用同义关系推测语义

通常情况下，
英语忌讳实词 重复。
避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词代替。
同义词
替换的修饰方法可以为 我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有：
or, like, similarly
等。

eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism can help you to be happier,
healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure,
and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. _____



2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.


____






Exercises:

1. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains
grubby. ______
2. Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s

2
population is quite homogeneous. ___________
3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.








4. He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having
made such a hasty decision. ________
5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy
，
we Chinese people seldom
eat any meat that is uncooked. _______

Test 1
The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound
an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.
（
1
）
The underlined word
“
agony
”

in the last paragraph probably means_____


（




）

A. form







B. condition






C. pain






D. sadness
Test 2
The hot- air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork
（软木塞）

in water.
（
2
）
The word
“
buoyant
”

in this sentence most probably means______. (




)
A. able to be used


















B. able to move from one place to another
C. able to float or rise to the surface




D. able to carry anything

四．用语境猜测语义

（
1）
利用
“小”
上下文推测词义，
即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。< br>如：
I am a resolute
man. Once I set up a goal, I won
’
t give up easily.


（





）

（
2
）利用“大”上下文推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇章等来推
断。
eg.

Zip
was
stopped
during
the
war
and
only
after
the
war
did
it
become
popular.
What
a
difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote
parts
of
the
world
more
real
to
us. Photographs
show
a
country,
but
only
zip
makes
feel
that a
foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions are zipped, such as the
coronation
（加冕典礼）

in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are
the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras
and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can
sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped
Zip means


(



)

A. cinema.

B. photography.

C. television.


D. telephone.




Exercises:
1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first
to get there and sure that I could get the ticket without any problem.
The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _____.

A. surprised




B. pleased





C. produced






D. sold
2. Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold
winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_____.


A. improved





B. increased






C. produced




D. sold

Test



These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building
can
also
refer
to
environmentally
friendly
houses,
factories,
and
offices.
Green
building
means,
“reducing
the
impact
of
the
building
on
the
land”,
Taryn
Holowka
of
the
U.S.
Green
building

3

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