(完整版)2018年12月6级真题第二套
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2018
年
12
月大学英语六级考试真题（第
2
套）
Part I
Writing
(30 minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
an
essay
on
how
to
balance
job
responsibilities
and
personal interests.
You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part III
Reading Comprehension
(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list
of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.
Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2
with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator; it also hurts students who're already
struggling to
26
the material. A new study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all
students
—
including high achievers
—
see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for
non-academic purposes.
To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers
27
500 students taking an
introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual
28
. Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at
29
out
distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a
30
decrease in performance due
to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their
ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.
College professors are increasingly
31
alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on
academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during
class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a
32
class. A quarter of students report that
their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to
33
.
Professors sometimes implement policies designed to
34
students' use of digital devices, and some instructors
even confiscate (
没收
) tablets and phones. In a world where people are increasingly dependent on their phones, though,
such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their
smartphones. Until students are able to
35
the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web,
they may continue to struggle in their classes.
A)aptitude
I
）
obscure
B)eradication
J)obsess
C) evaluated
K) raising
D)evaporated
L
）
resist
E)filtering
M
）
significant
F)grasp
N) suffer
G)legacy
O
）
typical
H) minimize
Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
are
going
to
read
a
passage
with
ten
statements
attached
to
it.
Each
statement
contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph
more
than
once. Each
paragraph
is
marked with
a
letter.
Answer
the
questions
by
marking
the
corresponding
letter on
Answer Sheet 2
.
A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 Years
[A] Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing a household and
rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a
successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and entomologist
（昆虫学家）
.
[B]
“
She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about,
”
said Kay Etheridge, a
biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian
’
s work.
“
She didn't
do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was significant.
”
[C] At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects
that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged
from mud. The knowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided
valuable insights into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food
they ate, into a single ecological composition.
[D] After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size
paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter nearly 5,000 miles from the Netherlands to South America
to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece,
Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.
[E] In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she
received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientific criticism. Shoddy
（粗糙的）
reproductions of
her work along with setbacks to women's roles in 18th- and 19th-century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely
forgotten.
“
It was kind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion
（遗忘）
,
”
said Dr. Etheridge.
“
Victorians
started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it.
”
[F] Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists, historians and artists have
all praised Merian's tenacity
（坚韧）
, talent and inspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge
are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated
at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.
[G] And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains 60 plates
（插图）
and
original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updated scientific descriptions. Before writing
Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She
began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects.
“
Then she got really serious,
”
Dr.
Etheridge said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars.
“
She would sit up all night until
they came out of the pupa
（蛹）
so she could draw them,
”
she said.
[H] The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European
insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only
imagine. It's possible Merian used a magnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of
sphinx moths
（斯芬克
斯飞蛾）
depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar
（花蜜）
.
Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the
adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa.
For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of
two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.
[I] It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but when Merian did it at the turn
of the 18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained
novel descriptions of ants, fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before
them than the gender of the person who painted it.
[J]
“All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view,” Dr. Etheridge said. But later, people of the Victorian era
thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible.
“She'd been called a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird,” Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a
friend of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.
[K] In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-
cutter ants for the first time. “In America there are large ants
which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night,
”
she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the
ants took the leaves below ground to their young. And she wouldn't have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves