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余年寄山水
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2021年01月31日 17:30
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who talks
more, women
or
men? The seemingly
[
1 ]
evidence
is reconciled
by
the
difference
between what
I call
public
and
private
speaking.
More
men
feel
comfortable
by
doing
“public
speaking”, while more women feel comfortable by doing “private speaking”. For most women, the
language
of
conversation
is
[
2
]
a
language
of
rapport
(
融洽，和谐
):
a
way
of
establishing
connections
and
[
3
]
relationships.
Emphasis
is
placed
on
displaying
similarities
and
[
4
]
experiences. People feel their
[ 5 ] connections at home or in
[ 6 ] where they feel at home with
one
or
a
few
people
they
feel
close
to
and
comfortable
with,
in
other
words,
during
“private
speaking”. But even the most public situat
ions can be approached like private speaking. For most
men,
talk
is
mainly
a
means
to
[
7
]
independence
and
negotiate
and
maintain
status
in
a
hierarchical (
等级的
) social order. This is done by exhibiting knowledge and skill, and by holding
centre stage through [ 8 ]performance such as storytelling, joking, or imparting information. From
childhood, men learn to use talking
as a way to get and keep [ 9 ]. So they are more comfortable
speaking
in
larger
groups
made
up
of
people
they
know
less
well,
in
the
[
10
]
sense,
“public
speaking”. Buy even the
most private situations can be approached like public speaking, more like
giving a report than establishing rapport.
1.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:contradictory
题
目
详解
:
根
据
句中
„Who
talks
more,
women
or
men‟
的
提
示，
本句
指的
是
„
有争
议
的< br>contradictory‟
问题。
2.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:primarily
题目详解
:
根据句中
„For most women‟
的提示，本句应选用
„
主要地
primarily‟
，以保证句子用
词的前后呼应。
3.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:negotiating
题目详解
:
根据和句中动名词
„establishing‟
的并列关系判断，
本句应选用
„negoti ating‟
为保持连
词的前后对等。
4.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:matching
题目详解
:
根据和句中动名词
„displaying‟
的并列关系判断，
本句应选用
„matching‟,< br>为保持连词
的前后对等。
5.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:closest
题目详解
:
根据句中
„connections at home‟
的提示，本句指的是
„
最靠近的
closest‟
。
6.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:settings
题目详解
:
根据句中
„where they feel at home‟
的提示，本句指的是
„
环境
settings‟
。
7.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:preserve
题目详解
:
根据和句中名词
„independence‟
的习惯搭配方式判断，
本句选用
„preserve‟
，
意为
„
保
持独立身份
‟
。
8.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:verbal
题目详解
:
根据句中
„storytelling, joking, or imparting information‟
包含的含义推理，
本句指的是
„用言辞表达的
verbal‟
。
9.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:attention
题目详解
:
根据和句中动词
„to
get
and keep‟
的习惯搭配方式判断，本句选用
„attention‟
，和句
中动词构成固定词组，表示
„
引起或保持关注
‟
。
10.
s
e
t
t
i
n
g
s
正确答案
:broadest
题目详解
:
根据句中
„in the … sense‟
和名词的搭配习惯判断，本句选用
„broadest‟,
表示
„
从最广
意的角度上来说
‟
。
Not too long ago, a guest checking out of our PolynesianVillageresort at Walt Disney World was
asked how she enjoyed her visit. She tell the front-desk clerk she had had a wonderful
[ 1 ], but
was
heartbroken
about
losing
several
rolls
of
Kodacolor
film
she
had
not
yet
[
2
].
She
was
particularly upset over the loss of the pictures she had shot at our Polynesian Luau, as this was a
memory she [ 3 ] treasured. Now, please
[ 4 ] that we have no written service [ 5 ] covering lost
luau
snapshots. [
6
],
the
hostess
at
the
front
desk
understood
Disney's
philosophy
of
[
7
]
our
guests. She asked the woman to leave her a couple of rolls of fresh film, promising she would take
care of the rest. Two weeks later, this guest received a package at her home. In it were photos of
the parade and our luau show, personally autographed by each performer. There were also [ 8 ] of
the parade and fireworks in the theme park, taken by the front-desk [ 9 ] on her own time, after
work. I happen to know this story because this guest wrote us a letter. She said that never in her
life had she received such compassionate
[ 10 ] from any business establishment. Heroic service
does
not come
from
policy
manuals.
It comes
from
people
who care
-
and
from
a culture
that
encourages and models that attitude.
1.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:vocation
题目详解
:null
2.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:developed
题目详解
:
冲洗胶卷的固定用法是
develop a film
3.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:especially
题目详解
:
在
a
memory
后引起的定语从句的意思 是
“
她特别珍惜的
……
回忆，
”
故
“
特别 地，
尤其是
”
应当用
especially
4.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:understand
题目详解
:
此处为祈使句，“
请理解
”
英文就得用
understand
5.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:standards
题目详解
:
意思是
“我们没有书面的服务标准或规定
”
。
6.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:Fortunately
题目详解
:
这个句子起承上启 下的作用，从后面事情发展的结果，顾客得到了很多精美的照
片，说明是服务员理解了顾客的心情并迎合 了她的需求，所以应当用
Fortunately
7.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:caring for
题目详解
:caring for 的意思是
“
关心
”
。
这句话的意思是
“
幸亏那 位前台女服务员理解迪斯尼满
足顾客需求的服务哲学。
”
8.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:photos
题目详解
:
信中还装有该主题公园游行和燃放烟花的照片。
photos
就是
“
照片
”
在英语中的典
型用词。
9.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:hostess
题目详解
:hostess
用来代表那个
he front-desk clerk
，是一种名词换名词地用法，目的是为了
避免用词重复。
10.
a
b
a
n
d
o
n
正确答案
:service
题目详解
:She
said
that
never
in
her
life
had
she
received
such compassionate
____
from
any
business establishme nt
是那位女顾客表示感谢说的话。
意思是：
“
她说她从未在任何商业机构< br>受到如此热情的服务
”
。
service
是唯一合适的词。
Participant
observation
also
reflects
anthropology's
dual
nature
as
both
a
scientific
and
a
humanistic
discipline
(
学科
). Through
the stress
on
participation
and
getting
the
insider's
view,
anthropologists of
[ 1 ] become personally
involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic
concern for the
people
they
study,
and
[
2
]
their
attempts to
understand
and
describe
people's
behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and others' ways.
[ 3 ], with
its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline.
Anthropologists
strive
for
objectivity
and
accuracy.
They
often
[
4
]
count,
for
example,
the
number
of
times
specific
behavior
patterns
occur
and
under what
[
5 ];
they
use
this
data
for
empirical
(
经验主义者
)
studies
that
integrate
their
observations
into
general
laws
of
human
behavior.
Understanding
anthropology
requires
understanding
its
dual
nature.
Perhaps
two
inelegant
[
6
]
useful
terms
borrowed
from
linguistics
will
help.
Emit
refers
to
the
array
of
categories
(and their
systematic
relationships)
through which
the
bearers
of
a
particular culture
perceive the world. Epic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used
by Western social scientists to explain the world.
[ 7 ], the emit view is the insider's view. Pierre's
emit
view
of
his
death,
for
example,
is
that
he
died
from
the
power
of
the
sorcerer;
the
anthropologist's epic view is that he died from physiological effects of fear,
[ 8 ] by his belief in
the sorcerer. Both views ate
[ 9 ] under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that
they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies'
[ 10 ] of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a
complete
understanding
of
a
culture.
Anthropology's
uniqueness
lies
in
the
fact
that
it
encompasses them both.
1.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:necessity
题目详解
:of necessity
的意思是
“
必然地，不可避免地
”
2.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:through
题目详解
:through
的意思是< br>“
通过
”
。通过人类学家的努力，人们就可以了解别人。
3.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:Nevertheless
题目详解
:
上一句强调
they show a humanistic concern for the people they study
。这一句讲的是
with
its
stress
on
observation,
anthropologists
strive
to
fulfill
the
requirements
of
a
scientific
discipline
，这正反映了人类学的双重性，两句话之间是转折关系。
4.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:actually
题目详解
:
这句话举例说明人类学家 是如何追求客观性与准确性的，有时他们确实需要去计
算出准确的数字。
5.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:circumstances
题目详解
:circumstances
是条件、境况的意思，符合题意。
6.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:but
题目详解
:
后面提到的这两个词
emi t
和
epic
虽然
“
不优美、不文雅
”
，但是“
有用
”
。
inelegant
与
useful
是转折关系，用
but
连接。
7.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:in other words
题目详解
:in other words
的意思是
“
换句话说
”
8.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:induced
题目详解
:induce
意为
“
导致、引起
”
9.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:valid
题目详解
:valid
的意思是
“
有根据的，正确的。
”
10.
v
a
l
i
d
正确答案
:consist
题目详解
:consist of
是词组，组成，构成的意思，符合上下文。
A
previously unknown disease, SARS has entered our daily vocabulary. Now we live
in
its
[ 1 ]. While SARS has taken center stage, an ancient and more infection disease is
[ 2 ] its ugly
head. That disease is panic or irrational fear. We need to have a healthy fear for SARS and to take
prudent
steps
in
preventing
its spread.
But
panic
fear creates
[
3 ]
it
fears.
The
panic which
is
generated
by
SARS
will
weaken
our
immune
system
which
[
4
]
us
more
susceptible
to
this
dreaded
disease.
While
SARS
is
known
to
be
[
5
]
through close
personal
contact, fear
is
transmitted
through
all
forms
of
media,
including
email.
Only
an
infected
SARS
patient
can
transmit SARS to others. But fear can be transmitted by anyone, sometimes even with the best of
intentions. As we know, fear about it does hurt us. So, how do we [ 6 ] with fear?
Admit our
fear and keep moving forward by living our lives as normally as possible while taking necessary
precautions. For example, it is [ 7 ] to stop shaking the hand of a healthy friend. At the same time,
it is always a good practice to wash our hands before a meal this should
be done whether or not
SARS
[
8
].
Accept
fear
as
a
price
of
progress. SARS
will
hit
us
or
it won't.
Our
fear will
not
positively
change
the
outcome.
Focus
on
the
things
you can
control
not
on
the things
you
cannot.
Feed
your
faith,
not
your
fear. Faith
is
a
rational
trust
in what's trustworthy.
We
have
a
choice each day to exercise faith or to allow fear to rule our lives. We can feed our fear or we can
starve
it.
[
9
]
fear
and
faith
will
be
with
us
every
minute
of
every
day.
The
emotion
that we
continually act upon, that is the one we feed, will dominate our lives. Fear will ruin us, but faith
will lift us above the [ 10 ] we are facing.
1.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:shadow
题目详解
:shadow
指幻影、阴影的意思，符合上下文。
2.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:raising
题目详解
:raise
是及物动词，是升高提起的意思，符合上下文
3.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:what
题目详解
:what
在这里引导出宾语从句， 同时又作
fears
的宾语
4.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:makes
题目详解
:make +
宾语
+
形容词的结构表示是某人产生什么样的感觉。
5.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:transmitted
题目详解
:
本句中
t ransmit
的动作对象是
SARS
，表示传播的意思。
6.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:deal
题目详解
:
根据上下文，只有
deal with
（对待、对待、解决）符合逻辑含义。
7.
s
h
a
d
o
w
正确答案
:ridiculous